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Contents Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................................................ 3 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 4 History of Gall .............................................................................................................................................. 5 Overall look of Galle .................................................................................................................................... 6 Main Cultural signatures of Galle ................................................................................................................. 7 Buddhist Island ......................................................................................................................................... 7 Dutch Church ............................................................................................................................................ 8 Unawatuna Bay ......................................................................................................................................... 8 Galle Lighthouse ....................................................................................................................................... 9 New Culturing aspect “The Cliff Jumpers of Galle” ................................................................................ 9 Galle National Museum .......................................................................................................................... 10

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Acknowledgement

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would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to Mrs. Nilu Abeyaratne who teacher me and give the knowledge about world cultures and customs, its helps to me in doing a lot of research and I came to know so many things about world cultures ,traditions, regions and ethnic groups .Its helps to grow up my social and common sense about other cultures ,Secondly I would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this research paper within in the limited time frame.

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Introduction

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alle is a World Heritage city. World Heritage urban areas are urban settlements that incorporate “Cultural heritage with the broadest level of cultural significance, which is

recognized by the World Heritage Committee (WHC), in UNESCO, as of Outstanding Universal Value for the entire humanity. This cultural heritage is referred to worldwide as World Heritage (WH)”. By engraving of properties on UNESCO's World Heritage List (WHL) the State Parties have concurred that "Legislative and regulatory measures at national and local levels ought to guarantee the survival of the property and its security against development and change that may contrarily affect the exceptional widespread worth, or the respectability and/or authenticity of the property". This citation suggests that the recorded properties are confronting a huge number of dangers. Because of the engineering nature of this examination we will concentrate on the developmental weights and the consequent dangers coming about from the individual developments. On the other hand, The Brundtland Commission expresses that extends development in the region of, or inside these World Heritage properties "is obliged to adapt to the necessities of society". The noteworthy focus of Galle, best known as Galle Fort, is arranged on the southwest bank of Sri Lanka and is considered as being the best illustration of a fortified city manufactured by Europeans in south what's more southeast Asia. It was recorded as World Heritage in 1988, under rule (iv), for being considered "an extraordinary case of a sort of building, structural or innovative gathering or scene which represents (a) significant stage(s) in mankind's history". On the other hand, when Galle was recorded in the WH list not all Decision Texts (DT) incorporated a justification for the determination criteria.

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History of Gall Founded in the 16th century by the Portuguese, Galle reached the height of its development in the 18th century, before the arrival of the British. It is the best example of a fortified city built by Europeans in South and South-East Asia, showing the interaction between European architectural styles and South Asian traditions. Galle’s earliest historical existence is traced to Ptolemy’s world map of 125–150 AD when it was a busy port, trading with Greece, Arab countries, China and others. Its mention as a "port of call of the Levant' is made in the cosmography of the "Cosmas Indicopleustes". This is the harbour where the Portuguese, under the leadership of Lorenzo de Almeida, made their first landing in 1505 on the island and caused a notable change in the history of the island with their close friendship with Dharmaparakrama Bahu (1484–1514), the then king of the country. Before the Portuguese came here, Ibn Batuta had touched base at this port. This was the beginning of the fort’s history, which was built by the Portuguese, along with a Franciscan chapel (now mostly in ruins) inside the fort in 1541. The fort also, in later years, served as prison camp to incarcerate Sinhalese natives who opposed the Portuguese. The Portuguese had moved to Colombo from Galle as they preferred that place. In 1588, however, they were attacked by the Sinhalese King Raja Singha I (1581–93) of Sitawaka, which forced the Portuguese to go back to Galle. At Galle, they initially built a small fort out of palm trees and mud. They called it the Santa Cruz, and later extended it with a watch tower and three bastions and a "fortalice" to guard the harbor.

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Overall look of Galle The coastline town of Galle is 116 km. from Colombo by street or rail, down the southwest drift. Both courses are exceptionally beautiful, after the coastline nearly for a significant part of the way. At a few spots you can even now see the pulverizing impacts of the Boxing Day Tsunami in 2004. Found close to the southern end of the nation, Galle appreciates a decent drift line and it’s a locale that appreciates an extraordinary change of settings, from beaches to swamp grounds to dry planes to slopes with tea and elastic estates. The chronicled structural engineering of the city has additionally made it a vital fascination in both neighborhood and worldwide guests. Galle has dependably been an acclaimed port and one of the fundamental characteristic harbors in Sri Lanka, until the British created Colombo harbor and made Colombo the capital city. Galle had been a conspicuous seaport much sooner than western run in the nation. Persians, Arabs, Greeks, Romans, Malays, Indians, and Chinese were working together through Galle port numerous years before the Portuguese arrived. The fundamental exchanging products from Sri Lanka has been Moon Stones & different pearls, pearls, flavors, elephants, ivory and scented wood. As per James Emerson Tennent, Galle was the antiquated seaport of Tarshish, from which King Solomon drew ivory, peacocks and different resources. Galle is the best case of a sustained city manufactured by Europeans in south and Southeast Asia, demonstrating the connection between European engineering styles and Sri Lankan traditions. The Dutch Fort inherent the seventeenth Century still remains the fundamental fascination

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in Galle and is the heart that pumps blood and has made Galle the living legacy city in Sri Lanka. The Dutch Fort has been proclaimed an UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Fort assembles by the Dutch and later assumed control by the British, still stays in a decently protected condition. A portion of the most established structures, for example, The Dutch Church, which is the most established Protestant Church in Sri Lanka, fabricate in 1755 and the New Oriental Hotel Building the present Amangalla Hotel has given much character to the city. Still the lanes inside the Fort stay limited and a lot of people are referred to by their unique names, for example, Leyn-Baan road, Zeeberg road and Moderabaay road. Attributes of Dutch structural engineering could be obviously seen in the old houses inside the Fort, which are extensive and breezy, with huge fancy entryways and windows, pillared verandas and cool inward yards and enclosures.

Main Cultural signatures of Galle

Buddhist Island The drive to BADDEGAMA is a delightful experience and leads out to the fine church blessed in 1825, by Bishop Heber – Bishop of Calcutta. The congregation today is embellished in an absolutely indigenous style and at mass the Ceylon Liturgy is said in Sinhalese, sung to Sinhalese music. The fine mainstays of the nave, every a solitary bit of ironwood timber, ought to be noted and the perspective from the tower is worth the ascension

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Dutch Church

A landmark exceptionally compelling in the Fort is the Dutch Church committed in 1754. It was based on the site of a Portuguese Capuchin Convent and on a prior Protestant, "Groote Kerk", inherent 1640. The present Dutch church as raised as an issue offering by Gertruda Adrianna Le Grand, wife of the Commandeur Gasparus de Jong, for the since quite a while ago implored conception of a child. The church justifies 30 minutes of the guest's time and examination. Inside is an organ space which once held a cumbrous Dutch organ, hatchments on the dividers and engraved tombstones on the floor. Of extraordinary investment is the conventional lectern, the finest example found in any church in Sri Lanka, hexagonal fit as a fiddle and of finely grained calamander wood with boards of silk wood.

Unawatuna Bay

Unawatuna bay provides safe swimming and snorkeling, protected as it is by a reef. Rhumassala Kanda is associated with the legend of the traditional Ramayana story. When the warrior Lakshman was wounded, a Himalayan herb was required for his cure and Rama despatched the Monkey-god Hanuman to fetch it. But Hanuman forgot the name of the herb, so to be on the safe side he tore off a hunk of the Himalayas, carried it on his back and dumped it, where it now ties! Galle is the sort of place from which one must take away a souvenir.

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Galle Lighthouse

Galle Lighthouse is an inland Lighthouse in Galle, Sri Lanka and is worked and kept up by the Sri Lanka Ports Authority. This is Sri Lanka's most seasoned light station going over to 1848, however the first 24.5 meters (80 ft) high lighthouse manufactured by the British was spotted around 100 meters (330 ft) from the ebb and flow site, notwithstanding it was decimated by flame in 1934. The current 26.5 meters (87 ft) high beacon was raised here in 1939. The light station is inside the dividers of the aged Galle Fort, an UNESCO world legacy site and well known vacation destination. The lighthouse is deliberately placed at the southern end of the promontory, fabricated approximately 6 meters (20 ft) over the street level on the bulwarks, at what is known as the Point Utrecht Bastion, providing for it full perspective of any boats entering Galle Harbor.

New Culturing aspect “The Cliff Jumpers of Galle”

Galle Fort Cliff jumping of the old stronghold dividers began in the early 2009 and it is viewed as an equal to the bungee bounce, just a ton more hazardous. This get to be more vacationers appealing occasion in Galle and base on this Cliff jumping new subculture making in Galle, step by step more youthful individuals get to be joined with this culturing occasion .The jumpers don't even utilize an elasticized rope to force you back from the close death experience, and don't have a reasonable arriving point. This hair-raising jump takes

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place on the Fort ramparts at the top of the wall known as Flag Rock between Point Utrecht Bastion and Triton Bastion.

Galle National Museum

The Galle National Museum is established in the oldest Dutch building of the Galle fort, constructed in 1656.To aware the public on traditional cultural heritage of Southern Sri Lanka, the Department of National Museums developed this museum and opened to the public on 31st March 1986. Galle National Museum displays a wide range of archaeological and anthropological objects inherited in Southern region. Collection of traditional masks used in various rituals, collection of ornamental objects made up of turtle shells, ancient wooden carvings and a Beeralu collection are important visitor attractive exhibits in the museum. The influence of Dutch is depicted by the equipments used in Dutch ships came to the Galle harbor. Large water vessels, V.O.C. porcelain objects and arms and weapons used by the Dutch soldiers are among the exposition. The Galle National Museum plays an important role as a center of education in the Southern region.