Cidades- Comunidades e Territórios Dez. 2010, n.0 20/21, pp. 123-137
Dos Subúrbios Citadinos aos Subúrbios Metropolitanos
Estrutura de povoamento e morfogénese da metrópole de Lisboa (1950-2001)
João Pedro Silva Nunes*
Resumo:
Em cinquenta anos, os arredores de Lisboa urbanizaram-se. Pequenos núcleos
suburbanos, associados à indústria, à residência e à vilegiatura deram lugar a vastos corredores de expansão e consolidação metropolitana onde uma pluralidade de formas de ocupação, de circulação e de uso hoje se observa. Através da análise à transformação dos padrões de con centração populacional na aglomeração de Lisboa, este artigo dá conta de como na segunda metade do século XX emergiu e se consolidou uma estrutura de povoamento que em muito contribuiu para a
moifogénese
da metrópole de Lisboa.
Palavras-chave: Lisboa; Metrópole; Subúrbio; Estrutura de Povoamento.
encontram-se, por exemplo, bem patentes nos con
Introdução
tributos pioneiros de Maria Alfreda Cruz
É
bem conhecido o processo de urbanização
de Lisboa. Por um lado, os
modos e caminhos
da
urbanização da capital foram bem detalhados e interpretados por Vítor Matias Ferreira
(1987).
Através daquelas duas vias, o autor deu conta das origens e dos efeitos da transformação da cidade que durante um ciclo de urbanização moldaram o destino de Lisboa: de cidade Oitocentista a "do Império" e, mais tarde, a "da Metrópole". Por outro lado, um particular e elucidativo processo de "in venção da cidade" Lisboa foi analisado por Luís Baptista
(1997
e
1999).
A
habitação económica,
elaborada material e ideologicamente pelo Estado Novo, definiu espaços urbanos e residenciais, elegeu populações e compôs e recompôs partes da capital e dos seus arredores, participando assim sobretudo, ao longo da segunda metade do século passado - na constituição de Lisboa
"contexto
(1973)
sobre a urbanização das povoações da margem sul do estuário do Tejo ou de Álvaro Corte-Real
(1973) sobre Fetais, Pontinha e Santo António dos Cavaleiros. A transformação radical dos arredo res de Lisboa constituiu o pano de fundo de uma avaliação sistemática que Margarida Sousa Lobo e Nuno Portas
(1970)
empreenderam sobre os
níveis de qualidade urbanística no "subúrbio de Lisboa-cidade" na década de
1960.
Lugares como
a Amadora e Queluz, como a Cova da Piedade e o Laranjeiro, ou como Rio de Mouro, o Cacém e Odivelas evidenciavam aos olhos dos analistas da época e dos residentes na grande cidade e nos seus arredores um forte crescimento que recorta va uma significativa "assimetria" de "meios de vida" urbana (Portas e Lobo,
1970).
Nas décadas
seguintes, estes e outros lugares, associados a um forte crescimento urbano, multiplicaram-se e con centraram contingentes populacionais que foram
metropolitano" (Baptista, 1994). Do trabalho destes
atingindo, década após década, ordens de grandeza
dois autores sobressai a rapidez do crescimento
superior. Trata-se, para Luís Baptista
urbano registado em Lisboa e em seu redor, a
"densificação das áreas que antes eram o limiar da
(2009),
da
pluralidade das suas formas e destinações sociais
vida urbana, enquanto zonas de passagem para o
e o grau de concentração populacional atingido ao
interior da urbe, zonas de recreio para os citadinos,
longo de mais de um século.
zonas de apoio à manutenção alimentar e serviçal
É
menos conhecido o processo de suburbani
da vida intramuros" que se urbanizam e assim que
zação de Lisboa. Ainda assim, a intensidade e os
se "autonomiza(m) na forma e nos modos de vida,
contornos desta importante transformação urbana
suburbanos"
•
(2009: 35).
Investigador do DINAMIA-CET do ISCTE-IUL.
[email protected]
Cidades
•
Comunidades e Territórios,
n."
20/21, 2010, pp. 123- 137
123
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