A new species of Miconia (Melastomataceae) from Amazonas, Brazil RENATO GOLDENBERG1, MAYARA KRASINSKI CADDAH2, 3 AND FABIAN A. MICHELANGELI 1
Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Botânica, Centro Politécnico, Caixa Postal 19031 Curitiba, PR, 81531-970, Brazil; e-mail:
[email protected] 2 Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; e-mail:
[email protected] 3 The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd, Bronx, NY 10458, USA; e-mail:
[email protected]
Abstract. Miconia manauara has been collected several times in two municipalities in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, and once in nearby Pará. It can be recognized among species in Miconia sect. Miconia by the leaves with obtuse to rounded bases, entire margins, cuspidate apices and five basal to shortly suprabasal nerves. The leaves also have glabrous mature adaxial leaf surfaces and the abaxial surface with two indument layers, the first consisting of moderate to dense, ferruginous, sessile stellate trichomes, 0.1–0.2 mm diam., and the second consisting of a dense, granulose-furfuraceous layer. The inflorescences are glomerulate, the 5-merous flowers have a caducous calyx, minutely papillose petals, ten stamens that are ventrally bilobed and with a small dorsal, obtuse tooth, and the ovaries are furfuraceous and usually covered by unbranched trichomes on their apices. Key Words: Miconieae, new species, Amazonian Forest. Resumo. Miconia manauara tem sido coletada várias vezes em dois municípios no estado do Amazonas e uma vez no Pará. Esta espécie pode ser reconhecida entre as espécies de Miconia sect. Miconia pelas folhas com base obtuse a arredondada, margem inteira, ápice cuspidado e cinco nervuras basais a curtamente suprabasais, e também com a face adaxial glabra e abaxial coberta por duas camadas de indumento, a primeira com tricomas estrelados 0.1–0.2 mm diam., sésseis, ferrugíneos, moderados a densos, e a segunda densamente granuloso-furfurácea. As inflorescências são glomeruladas, enquanto que as flores pentâmeras apresentam o cálice caduco, pétalas minutamente papilosas, dez estames ventralmente bilobados e com um pequeno dente dorsal obtuso, e ovário com ápice furfuráceo e geralmente coberto por tricomas simples.
Miconia Ruiz & Pav. is the largest genus in Melastomataceae, with around 1050 species restricted to tropical and subtropical regions of the New World (Goldenberg et al., 2008). Its circumscription is rather arbitrary, since it seems to be paraphyletic and dubiously distinct from neighboring genera like Leandra, Clidemia and several others (Judd & Skean, 1991; Michelangeli et al., 2004). Miconia has been traditionally recognized as the berry-fruited plants (i.e.,
belonging to tribe Miconieae) without formicaria and with apical inflorescences and rounded to retuse petals (Cogniaux, 1891). Identification of species in this genus is a complex task, since the last taxonomic revision was published in the 19th century, at a time when only half of the species known today were recognized. For this purpose, the traditional infrageneric classification based on 11 sections (Cogniaux, 1891) is still a useful tool, despite the fact
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that it is not congruent with the phylogeny (Goldenberg et al., 2008). The new species published here had already been indicated as undescribed at least 15 years ago by the late J. J. Wurdack (mss. in herb. US). Since then, it has been collected 14 times in different localities, which indicates that this is not an uncommon species, and that it deserves publication. Miconia manauara R. Goldenb., Caddah & Michelangeli, sp. nov. Type: Brazil. Amazonas, Presidente Figueiredo: Canteiro de Obras da Hidrelétrica de Balbina, 8 km da Vila Residência Atroarí, margem esquerda do Rio Uatumã, 11 Mar 1986 (fl), C. A. Cid Ferreira et al. 6723 (holotype: INPA; isotypes: NY, US). (Figs. 1, 2) Folia basibus obtusis vel rotundatis, marginibus integris, apicibus cuspidatis, nervis basalibus vel breve suprabasalibus 5, superficie adaxiali matura glabra, abaxiali stratis indumenti duobus vestita, alterum stratum e trichomatibus sessilibus stellatis 0.1–0.2 mm diametro, alterum ex strato granuloso-furfuraceo denso compositum. Inflorescentiae glomerulatae. Flores 5-merae, calyce caduco, petalis minute pappillosis, staminibus 10 ventraliter bilobis dente obtuso dorsali praeditis, ovariis furfuraceis, plerumque in apicibus trichomatibus simplicibus vestitis.
Tree up to 25 m high; young branches slightly flattened, with inconspicuous interpetiolar ridges, densely covered by sessile to pedunculate stellate trichomes up to ca. 0.4× 0.2 mm. Leaves opposite; petioles 5.8–9.6 mm; blades 6.4–15×1.6–4.5 cm, oblong, apex cuspidate, base rounded, margin entire, sometimes slightly revolute, chartaceous, longitudinal nerves 5, acrodromous, basal to shortly suprabasal (inner pair up to 2 mm distant from the base), main and transversal nerves prominent on abaxial surface and impressed on adaxial surface, discolorous, adaxial surface with early caducous stellate trichomes, abaxial with two indument layers, the first consisting of moderate to dense, ferruginous, sessile stellate trichomes, 0.1–0.2 mm diam., and the second consisting of a dense, granulose-furfuraceous layer. Panicles 6.5–11×4–8 cm, terminal, without accessory branches, with long basal branches, the main axis and the pair of basal branches with up to 4 branchlets, each one with one apical glomerule or seldom with an additional pair of sub-apical glomerules, each
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glomerule composed by several clustered dichasia with sessile flowers, inflorescence covered by sessile stellate trichomes up to 0.2 mm diam.; bracts 2.3–4.6×0.8–4 mm, elliptic to broad ovate, entire, caducous, with a basal constriction, abaxial surface covered by sessile stellate trichomes; bracteoles 1.1–2.5× 0.3–0.9 mm linear to lanceolate, entire, caducous, abaxial surface covered by sessile stellate trichomes. Flowers 5-merous. Hypanthium 2.3–2.6 mm long to the torus, terete, inner surface glabrous, outer densely covered by sessile stellate trichomes up to 0.2 mm diameter, torus glabrous. Calyx early caducous, inner surface with sparse simple trichomes of less than 0.1 mm, outer with trichomes similar to the ones on the hypanthium; tube 0.5–0.7 mm high; inner lobes 0.8–1.3 mm long, triangular, acute, outer lobes 1.1–1.4 mm, triangular, acute. Petals 2.8–3.4×1.1–1.6 mm, white, obovate, apex round to slightly emarginate, margins entire, both surfaces minutely papillose. Stamens white, slightly dimorphic in size; longer filaments 2.6–3.2 mm, smaller 1.3–2.5 mm, glabrous; connectives prolonged 0.1–0.3 mm below the thecae, ventrally bilobed and with a small dorsal, obtuse tooth; anthers 1.9–2.6 mm in the longer stamens, 1.3–1.6 mm in the smaller ones, oblong with a rounded apex and a single, small pore. Ovary 1.2–2 mm long, basally 1/2 adherent to the hypanthium, 3celled, the apex stellate-furfuraceous and sometimes also with unbranched trichomes ca. 0.1 mm long; style 5.3–6.2 mm long, straight, glabrous, stigma truncate to capitate. Fruits baccate, 3–4 mm diameter, longitudinally finely ribbed, glabrescent, dark-purple when ripe, with ca. 50 seeds; seeds ca. 0.9–1.3 mm, pyramidal, the raphe covering 80–90% of the side, testa smooth to slightly rugose, the cells not in lines and of different sizes, the anticlinal walls straight to sinuose. Distribution.—Miconia manauara is known only from northern Brazil. It has been collected in Amazonas state in four localities in the municipality of Manaus (after which it is named), and in one locality in the municipality of Presidente Figueiredo, distant about 120 km from the former. It is also known from a third locality in northwestern Pará in the Rio Trombetas. All collections come from dense, “terra firme” forest on clay soils.
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FIG. 1. Miconia manauara. A. Flowering branch. B. Flower bud and bracteole. C. Flower and petal. D. Longitudinal section of flower. E. Stamens in ventral, dorsal, and lateral views. F. Longitudinal section of ovary. G. Fruiting branch. H. Fruit and seed. (A–F from Cid Ferreira et al. 6723, NY; G–H from Nee 42920, NY.)
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FIG. 2. Miconia manauara. A. Abaxial surface of leaf, showing midvein and portion of blade. B. Detail of stellate trichome on abaxial leaf surface and layer of granulose-furfuraceous trichomes under it. C. Seed. D. Detail of the testa surface. (From Nee 42920, NY.)
Additional specimens examined: BRAZIL. Amazonas: Manaus, Distrito Agropecuário, Fazenda Esteio, Reserva 1103, 31 Mar 1981 (bud) and 4 Apr 1981 (fr), Equipe de levantamento 1103-595 (INPA); Manaus, Dimona, 2°20′31″S, 60°06′86″W, 5 Aug 2005 (fr), G. R. Julião & J. A. C. Silva 39 (INPA); Manaus, Dimona, 2°20′31″S, 60°06′86″W, 5 Aug 2005 (fr), G. R. Julião & J. A. C. Silva 40 (INPA); Manaus, Dimona, 2°20′31″S, 60°06′86″W, 6 Aug 2005 (fr), G. R. Julião & J. A. C. Silva 37 (INPA); Manaus, Dimona, 2°20′31″ S, 60°06′86″W, 6 Aug 2005 (fr), G. R. Julião & J. A. C. Silva 38 (INPA); Manaus, Estrada ZF-3, km 23, coletado ao lado da Reserva 1202, 27 May 1980 (fr), J. Lima & B. Zimmerman 494 (INPA); Manaus, Distrito Agropecuário, Reserva 1501, 02°25′S, 59°45′W, 50–125 m, 3 Jul 1992 (fr), M. Nee 42920 (COL, INPA, NY, MO n.v., US); Manaus, Distrito Agropecuário, Reserva 1501, 29 Apr 1992 (fl, bud), A. A. Oliveira et al. 429 (INPA, NY); Manaus, Distrito Agropecuário, Reserva 1501, 20 Mar 1993 (fl, bud), A. A.Oliveira et al. A1536 (UPCB, US); Manaus, Distrito Agropecuário, Reserva 1501, 29 Apr 1992 (bud), A. A. Oliveira et al. 426 (INPA, NY); Manaus, Distrito Agropecuário, Fazenda Dimona, Reserva 2303 of the WWF/INPA, 72 km North of Manaus, 02°19′ S, 60°05′W, 11 Feb 1989 (fl, bud) M. Pacheco et al. 180 (NY, US); Manaus-Itacotiara Rd, new ZF, km 27, WWF
reserve II03, 31 Mar 1981 (fl, bud), S. S. Renner 626 (US); Manaus-Itacotiara Rd, WWF reserve I202, 2 Jul 1981 (fr), S. S. Renner 627 (US). Pará: Rio Trombetas, flanco do planalto Saracá, 27 May 1978 (fr), N. T. Silva & M. R. Santos 4655 (NY 2 sheets, US).
This species belongs to Miconia sect. Miconia, due to its ventraly bilobate stamens with slender anthers and a small apical pore (Cogniaux, 1891). It can be recognized among species in this section by the leaves with obtuse to rounded bases, entire margins, cuspidate apices and five basal to shortly suprabasal nerves. The leaves also have glabrous mature adaxial surfaces and the abaxial surface with two indument layers, the first consisting of moderate to dense, ferruginous, sessile stellate trichomes, 0.1– 0.2 mm diam., and the second consisting of a dense, granulose-furfuraceous layer. The inflorescences are glomerulate, the 5-merous
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flowers have a caducous calyx, minutely papillose petals, ten stamens that are ventrally bilobed and with a small dorsal, obtuse tooth, and the ovaries are furfuraceous and usually covered by unbranched trichomes on their apices. Within the section, it could be placed either around species 123–126, or 219–221 and 233–234 in Cogniaux’s monograph (1891). The species in the first group (spp. 123– 126) also have glomerulate inflorescences and discolorous leaves with abaxial surfaces densely covered by indument. Among them, Miconia crassipes Triana, from Peru, differs from M. manauara due to the broader, denticulate and 3-plinerved leaves and inflorescences with accessory branches. Miconia organensis Gardner, from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, has broader, short acuminate to obtuse leaves, and stamens with a dorsal appendage. Miconia ovata Cogn. and M. warmingiana Cogn., respectively from the Atlantic Forest and Central Brazil, have broader, denticulate leaves and glabrous ovary apex. Miconia cretacea Gleason, from Bolivia and adjacent Brazil, would key near this group (Gleason, 1932) and differs from M. manauara by the amorphous indument on the abaxial surface of the leaves. The species in the second group (spp. 219– 221) also have discolorous leaves with acuminate apices, rounded to cordate bases, entire margins, the abaxial surface densely covered by indument, the adaxial surface glabrous, and glabrous petals. Among the species in this group, Miconia brevipes Benth. and M. rubiginosa (Bonpl.) DC. have obvious non-glomerulate inflorescences. Miconia eriocalyx Cogn. has glomerulate inflorescences, but its leaves and inflorescences are much broader than M. manauara, and the inflorescences have accessory branches. The species in the third group (spp. 233– 234), also have short petiolate, discolorous leaves with rounded bases, with abaxial surfaces densely covered by indument. Among the species in this group, Miconia burchellii Triana and M. pohliana Cogn. (= M. leucocarpa DC.), from Central Brazil, have acute to obtuse leaf apices, and stamens with broad, skirt-like
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connective appendages. Miconia stenocardia Cogn. (Cogniaux, 1913) has leaves with obtuse apices and cordate bases, and inflorescences with accessory branches. This new species has been suggested to be related to Miconia vismioides Triana (J.J. Wurdack, in herb. US). The latter is a rather enigmatic species, known only from the types housed at BM and BR (Triana, 1871), and both the locality and collector are unknown. It has leaves with strongly suprabasal nerves and covered with dense stellate-lepidote hairs, and its inflorescences are apparently not glomerulate. Acknowledgments We would like to thank the curators at INPA, NY and US for access to the specimens cited here, and Darin Penneys and Carmen Ulloa for the helpful comments on the manuscript. Bobbi Angel made the line drawing. This research was partially supported by the NSF through the PBI Miconieae project (DEB-0818399).
References Cogniaux, A. C. 1891. Melastomataceae. In: A. P. de Candolle & C. de Candolle (eds.), Monographiae phanerogamarum 7: 1–1256. G. Masson, Paris ———. 1913. Melastomataceae. Mededeelingen van’s Rijks Herbarium Leiden 19: 76–81. Gleason, H. A. 1932. Some undescribed flowering plants from South America. American Journal of Botany 19: 740–754. Goldenberg, R., D. S. Penneys, F. Almeda, W. S. Judd & F. A. Michelangeli. 2008. Phylogeny of Miconia (Melastomataceae): patterns of stamen diversification in a megadiverse neotropical genus. International Journal of Plant Sciences 169: 963–979. Judd, W. S. & J. D. Skean, Jr. 1991. Taxonomic studies in the Miconieae (Melastomataceae). IV. Generic realignments among terminal-flowered taxa. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History 36: 25–84. Michelangeli, F. A., D. S. Penneys, J. Giza, D. Soltis, M. H. Hils & J .D. Skean. 2004. A preliminary phylogeny of the tribe Miconieae (Melastomataceae) based on nrITS sequence data and its implications on inflorescence position. Taxon 53: 279–290. Triana, J. J. 1871. Les Melastomacées. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 28: 1–188.
