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Através da exposição destes embates teóricos, buscamos demonstrar as relações entre ciência e política, sobretudo devido às diferentes conseqüências que cada uma das interpretações traz para o movimento. As interpretações de origem leninista trazem consigo a tendência à diferenciação interna do campesinato, e sua subordinação lógica e histórica ao proletariado urbano. Para os campesinistas, por sua vez, o diagnóstico da questão agrária demonstra que o camponês não tende a desaparecer, pelo contrário, é um sujeito político que tem reivindicações próprias: luta pela territorialização da terra de trabalho, e é por meio dessa luta que se dá sua formação. Isto demonstra não só a necessidade de sua organização, sendo o MST um dos pólos desta articulação, como também confere dignidade aos camponeses, compreendendo-os enquanto sujeitos históricos. Com isso, podemos dizer que os intelectuais da tradição crítica analisada buscaram produzir conhecimento útil para a luta destes sujeitos, e que a produção de documentos e as assessorias técnicas de Martins, Oliveira e Fernandes dão exemplos concretos desta afirmação, o que nos leva, portanto, a considerá-los enquanto intelectuais tradicionais em diálogo com os camponeses.

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