Digital Library for Mulsemedia Content Management Rajkumar Kannan
Frederic Andres DCMS Research Division
Department of Computer Science Bishop Heber College (Autonomous)
NII Tokyo JAPAN
Tiruchirappalli INDIA
[email protected]
[email protected] ABSTRACT
content management is a challenging research area as DL technology is today limited to manage specific types of digital objects and specific metadata description models. Digital libraries mostly consist of audio, visual and textual media objects. In the past years, the increasing demand for new media associated to technology-enhanced multi-modal applications has led to increased research and events interest (SIGGRAPH, Laval Virtual) in this area. New media [9] and tactile devices are commercially available off the shell. In this paper, we review the Digital Library as an evolving enterprise ecosystem with challenging mulsemedia content (Section 2) and discuss the functionality issues that DL should provide to handle mulsemedia content management (Section 3). Finally we present tactile sensing media (Section 4) that is one key enhancement of digital libraries.
Digital Libraries are key infrastructure for document management. Until now, these documents have included multimedia objects such video, images, text, sounds. In this paper, we focus on enhanced sensorial media content management in Digital Library. Enhanced sensorial media content combines the sense of touch with other media. All mulsemedia1 content management requires new methods, starting from the source through storage to delivery. Digital libraries have to use all modern technologies in order to supply services of a high quality. As these efforts mature, the research emphasis is shifting from issues surrounding the development of digital library infrastructure and collections to understanding the impact of mulsemedia collections and services to users and related communities. The major consequence is that digital libraries are more and more built as enterprise knowledge ecosystem. In this paper we review the development in the field and points out the challenges of digital library for mulsemedia content management.
2. DIGITAL LIBRARY AS AN EVOLVING ENTREPRISE ECOSYSTEM
General Terms
Digital library is an enterprise knowledge ecosystem [8] as it can be formalized using an enterprise reference model. The Zachman Framework (named ZF approach) Reference2 enables to describe digital library organisation, processes, technology and information flows. As an evolving ecosystem, it is important to focus on a user center model to fulfill the needs of communities of users and impact those needs in the evolution of the DL content management (from multimedia content to mulsemedia content). In addition, the Delos Reference Model [1] covers all the aspect of the Digital Library enterprise ecosystem. In addition, the Enterprise Architecture covers many perspectives addressed by the DL evolution to handle mulsemedia content management:
Design
Keywords Digital library, mulsemedia content, tactile experience
1. INTRODUCTION The ”2010 Digital Libraries Initiative” from the EU commission states that the purpose of digital libraries is to make Europe’s cultural, audiovisual and scientific heritage accessible to all. This initiative aims to make European information sources more accessible and easier and more interesting to use in an online environment (e.g. storytelling). The content of Digital Library (DL) has traditionally been material that has either been digitised (copies of books and other documents) or that was initially produced in digital format.” Digital Library for mulsemedia
(1) The motivation of the stakeholders (why aspect) to use mulsemedia contents and the understanding why the DL evolution has been needed; (2) The mulsemedia data (what aspect) which constitute the DL used to fulfill the user needs; The data perspective, at the macro level, identifies the mulsemedia resources covered in the DL, and at the micro level, concerns more the collection, quality accuracy, usability, description and organization of the mulsemedia resources in the DL;
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(3) The people (mainly stakeholders) who interact with and within the DL enterprise ecosystem; (4) The function or process factor to identify the set of processes covering the “how” of the activities in the DL platform. The issues are related to how the users will search for mulsemedia content; 2
Multiple Sensorial Media
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(5) The place or Networks factor (“where” aspect);
kinesthetic and tactile perception [4] can enhanced the awareness of the students. Both stimulants are dynamic, which means that they change as the user is operating the mulsemedia objects, no matter if they are physical or virtual. The tactile sensing media involves intentional actions that an individual chooses to do, whereas passive touch can occur without any initiating action. For educators, involving students in consciously choosing to investigate the properties of a mulsemedia object is a powerful motivator and increases attention to learning.
(6) The time (the “when”) aspects of the DL platform for designing schedules, the processing architecture, the control architecture and timing systems. It is a real instrument for formalizing the DL mulsemedia evolution as part of a reference model. We highlight the need to involve all possible communities of users as actors in the evolving DL ecosystem.
5. CONCLUSION 3. DL AND MULSEMEDIA CONTENT MANAGEMENT
Mulsemedia content is a key revolution for Digital Libraries, especially tactile sensing media. Digital Library as enterprise digital ecosystem can be formalized by defining an enterprise reference model. We have illustrated the possibility of using the Zachman Framework as an instrument to formalize the DL evolution as a reference model. .
Digital library applications are document intensive applications where heterogeneous documents and their metadata are managed efficiently and effectively by enterprise knowledge environment. DL applications accessing to mulsemedia content require new functionalities where documents, embodied in different mulsemedia, and their metadata are efficiently and effectively handled. The minimal requirements to manage mulsemedia content are flexibility, in structuring mulsemedia documents and related metadata, scalability, and efficiency. Flexibility is required to manage both mulsemedia documents and their metadata. Requirements of scalability and efficiency are essential for the deployment of real time multi-sensor systems able to satisfy the operational requirements of a large community of users over a huge amount of mulsemedia content. It is important to support the storage and preservation of mulsemedia documents, and their efficient and effective retrieval and management. This raises new issues related to the management of mulsemedia documents and related metadata, by: 1. The storage management of different mulsemedia documents; Enterprise content management system should not take any assumption on the types of multiple sensorial media and encoding used to represent mulsemedia documents. This keeps the technical transparency between DL applications and the management of mulsemedia document. So any changes in the storage strategies of sensorial media should be possible without changing the DL application layer. 2. The description of mulsemedia documents; it is important to be able to express the semantics of those mulsemedia documents into descriptive metadata schemas [2]. There exists standardized metadata schemas like Dublin Core [3], MARC [6] or MPEG-7 [7] but they need to be enhanced to support sensorial media metadata. 3. The enhancement of DL applications with contextualized views on the mulsemedia metadata; it is related to the dynamic use of metadata schema according to special sensorial media.
6. REFERENCES [1]
Athanasopoulos G., Candela, L., Castelli, D., Innocenti, P., Ioannidis, Y., Katifori, A., Nika, A., Vullo, G., & Ross S., 2010 “The Digital Library Reference Model”, DL.org ( Coordination Action on Digital Library Interoperability), D3.2a report, Best Practices and Modelling Foundations, 237 p.
[2] Chbeir, R., Kosch, H., Andrès, F., & Ishikawa, H. 2009, Guest Editors “Introduction: Multimedia Metadata and Semantic Management”, IEEE MultiMedia 16(4): 8-11. [3] DCMI, “Dublin Core Metadata Element Set,“ DCMI Recommendation Version 1.1, Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI), July 1999, http://dublincore.org/ [4] Fisher, B., Fels, S., MacLean, K., Munzner, T., and Rensink, R. 2004. Seeing, hearing, and touching: putting it all together. In ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Course Notes (Los Angeles, CA, August 08 - 12, 2004). SIGGRAPH '04. ACM, New York, NY, 8. [5] Hartmann, B., Morris, M. R., Benko, H., and Wilson, A. D. 2009. Augmenting interactive tables with mice & keyboards. In Proceedings of the 22nd Annual ACM Symposium on User interface Software and Technology (Victoria, BC, Canada, October 04 - 07, 2009). UIST '09. ACM, New York, NY, 149-152 [6] Library of Congress – Network Developement and MARC Standards Office, http://www.loc.gov/marc/ [7] Martinez, J.M., Koenen, R., & Pereira, F. 2002, “MPEG-7 – The Generic Multimedia Content Description Standard”, Part 1. In: IEEE MultiMedia, vol 9, no. 2.
4. TACTILE SENSING MEDIA
[8] Ruffolo, M. 2008, “A Semantic Framework for Enterprise Knowledge Management”, in Interdisciplinary Aspects of Information Systems Studies, D’Atri, A., De Marco, M., Casalino, N. Eds, Physica-Verlag HD, ISBN 978-3-79082010-2, 416 p.
Tactile sensing media is a complementary media to vision. It is important for the DL applications to remember the key distinction in mulsemedia content: vision (and other sensors) function at a distance from the target, while tactile sensing involves direct contact to experience the content itself. It raises new paradigms of interaction [5] using tactile sensing media inside digital library. It is important to investigate the impact of tactile sensing media on students learning science concepts from books. In addition,
[9] Veltman, K. 2006, "Understanding New Media: Augmented Knowledge and Culture”, University of Calgary Press, ISBN 1552381544, 689 p
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