Durslade Farm

DURSLADE FARM DROPPING LANE, BRUTON SOMERSET Results of an Archaeological Desk-based Study & Evaluation Trenching

The Old Dairy Hacche Lane Business Park Pathfields Business Park South Molton Devon EX36 3LH Tel: 01769 573555 Email: [email protected]

Report No.: 120816 Date: 16.08.12 Author: E. Wapshott S. Walls J. Bampton

Durslade Farm, Dropping Lane, Bruton

Durslade Farm, Dropping Lane Bruton Somerset Results of an Archaeological Desk-based Study & Evaluation Trenching For

Anna Bohuszewicz & Eric Ong-Seng Of

Jackson Coles Construction Consultants LLP On behalf of

Mr & Mrs Wirth By

SWARCH project reference: BDF12 National Grid Reference: ST6872 3449 OS Map copying Licence No: 100044808 Planning application No: Pre-Planning Project Director: Colin Humphreys Project Officer: Samuel Walls Desk-Based Assessment: Emily Wapshott Fieldwork: Joseph Bampton; Samuel Walls Finds Processing: Lucy Blampied; Bryn Morris Report:Emily Wapshott; Samuel Walls; Joseph Bampton Report Editing: Deb Laing-Trengove; Samuel Walls Graphics: Emily Wapshott; Joseph Bampton

August 2012 South West Archaeology Ltd. shall retain the copyright of any commissioned reports, tender documents or other project documents, under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 with all rights reserved, excepting that it hereby provides an exclusive licence to the client for the use of such documents by the client in all matters directly relating to the project as described in the Written Scheme of Investigation.

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Summary An archaeological desk-top study was undertaken to assess the archaeological potential of Durslade Farm as part of the pre-planning application process. The proposals are to restore and renovate the existing farm buildings and the erection of a new gallery building to create an art gallery complex including a cafe/restaurant and supporting uses; with associated landscaping and minor works. Previous studies have been undertaken in 2007 by K A Rodwell to provide the historical development of the farm and in 2010 by Keystone Historic Building Consultants to analyse the significance of the farm and buildings. In addition to these sources M. Richardson undertook an archaeological assessment in 2002 of the wider Bruton area for English Heritage as part of their urban survey project. These three reports have been consulted as the basis of the desk-based study. Following the results of this desk-top study a series of four evaluation trenches were excavated in areas likely to be impacted upon by proposed groundworks. These trenches reveled that significant landscaping had occurred during the construction and use of the farm, which had removed any traces of earlier archaeological remains.

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Contents

Page No.

Summary

3

Contents

4

List of Figures

5

List of Appendices

5

Acknowledgements

5

1.0 Introduction

6

1.1 Background

6

1.2 Methodology and Sources Consulted

6

1.3 Planning and Legislative Framework

6

1.4 Existing Designations and Protected Areas

7

2.0 Historical Background

8

2.1 The Augustinian Priory/Abbey

8

2.2 The Berkley Family – Berkeley Castle Estates

8

2.3 The Hoare Family – Stourhead Estate

9

2.4 The 20th Century Sale

9

3.0 Archaeological Context and Potential

10

3.1 Prehistoric and Roman Periods

10

3.2 Saxon and Medieval Periods

10

3.3 Post-Medieval

12

4.0 Impact of the Project Proposals

13

4.1 The Proposals

13

4.2 Impact of the Proposals

13

5.0 Evaluation Trenching

15

5.1 Trench 1

15

5.2 Trench 2

15

5.3 Trench 3

16

5.4 Trench 4

16

6.0 Conclusions

17

6.1 Desk-based Study

17

6.2 Evaluation Trenching

18

7.0 Recommendations

19

8.0 Figures

20

9.0 Bibliography and References

39

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List of Figures Coverplate: Durslade Farm viewed from the south (Keystone 2010)

Page No.

Figure 1: Bruton Conservation Area, including TPOS and Listed Buildings (from Wykes 2010). Figure 2: Map showing the Abbey precinct in purple, from the 2010 Keystone report. Figure 3: The barn (from the 2010 Keystone report). Figure 4: Map D - showing Bruton with the important post-medieval developments marked. Figure 5: The 1886 First Edition Ordnance Survey Map (after Rodwell 2007). Figure 6: Photograph from 1918 sale catalogue (after Rodwell, 2007). Figure 7: Map A - showing the known sites of Prehistoric and Roman finds. Figure 8: Map B - showing the probable position of the Saxon settlement. Figure 9: Existing Designations Map F (after Richardson 2002). Figure 10: Plan of the buildings at Durslade Farm (after Rodwell 2007 and Keystone 2010). Figure 11: The proposals for Durslade Farm showing the conversion. Figure 12: The proposals for the barn, cow shed, machine house and new gallery. Figure 13: Cross-sections A and B of the proposals. Figure 14: Cross-sections C and D of the proposals. Figure 15: Proposals for the rear of the new gallery. Figure 16: The proposals for the farmyard and side of the gallery. Figure 17: As Figure 12 but with the first phase 18th century and 19th century buildings highlighted. Figure 18: Location of evaluation trenches in relation to the existing buildings. Figure 19: Location of the evaluation trenches in relation to proposed plans. Figure 20: Proposed Evaluation trench plan. Figure 21: Location of historical and archaeological features in the area surrounding Durslade Farm.

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 43 55

List of Appendices Appendix 1: Project Design Appendix 2: Extracts from the English Heritage Listing documents Appendix 3: Extracts from the Historic Environment Record Appendix 4: Catalogue of Historical and Archaeological Features Appendix 5: Concordance of finds Appendix 6: Jpeg List

40 44 46 53 56 58

Acknowledgements Thanks for assistance are due to: Eric Ong-Seng, Anna Bohuszewicz and Tom Heywood-Waddington Jackson Coles Construction Consultants LLP Stephen Patten, Benjamin Beauchamp Architects Catherine Stephens, CgMs Consulting Alice Workman, Hauser Wirth Rachel Craythorne, Michael Woods Associates Ltd Steven Membery, Somerset Country Council Historic Environment Service

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1.0 Introduction Location: Parish: District: County:

1.1

Durslade Farm, Dropping Lane Bruton South Somerset Somerset

Background South West Archaeology Limited (SWARCH) were commissioned by Jackson Coles Construction Consultants (the Agent) on behalf of Mr and Mrs I. Wirth (the Client) of Hauser Wirth Gallery Ltd to undertake a desk-based study to assess the archaeological potential of Durslade Farm and to identify any constraints or considerations for works around the farm site. This will form part of a planning application submission for the development of the site, i.e. the restoration and renovation of existing farm buildings and the erection of a new gallery building to create an art gallery complex including a cafe/restaurant and supporting uses; with associated landscaping and minor works

1.2

Methodology and Sources Consulted The desk-based assessment was undertaken by E. Wapshott during May 2012. The work was undertaken with reference to IfA guidelines on the preparation of archaeological desk-based assessments. The work involved a review of the previous studies undertaken by Keystone Building Consultants in 2010, Richardson in 2002 and K.A. Rodwell in 2007. Internet resources were also consulted as part of this assessment. The archaeological evaluation followed the methodology described in a Project Design (Appendix 1) drawn up in consultation with Steven Membery of Somerset County Council Historic Environment Service (SCCHES). A series of four trenches were excavated by a machine using a 1.5m wide toothless grading bucket under careful archaeological supervision.

1.3

Planning and Legislative Framework This report suggests a series of recommendations for the mitigation of the impacts to the archaeological and cultural heritage resource that is represented by the site. These recommendations are intended to advise the County Archaeological Officer in making an informed planning decision. These recommendations have been drawn from the impact assessment and are intended to be proportionate both to the archaeological and cultural heritage value of the site in question and the likely impact of the proposals for development. This work is being undertaken in accordance with paragraph 128 of the National Planning Policy Framework (2012) which states that: In determining applications, local planning authorities should require an applicant to describe the significance of any heritage asset affected… [and] as a minimum, the relevant historic environment record should have been consulted and the heritage assets assessed using appropriate expertise where necessary.

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1.4

Existing Designations and Protected Areas Durslade Farm falls within the Bruton conservation area following ammendements made in May 2010 (see Figure 1). The Bruton conservation area is also served by an Article 4 Direction. The conservation area appraisal lists Durslade Farm as one of the key listed buildings in the area south of the river and described the farm as a C18 and C19 farm group of great architectural and historical value (Wykes 2010). The farmhouse, barn and stable are all listed buildings and the rest of the buildings are included within their curtilage (see Appendix 1). The farmhouse at Durslade is protected by its British Listed Buildings Grade II status (English Heritage Building ID: 261538) added in 1961. The stable, barn and granary are also of Grade II status, previously having only been considered under the curtilage of the house, these buildings are now listed separately in their own right; the barn was listed in 1984 (English Heritage Building ID: 261540) as were the stable (English Heritage Building ID: 261541) and granary (English Heritage Building ID: 261539). In the immediate area around Durslade Farm there are a number of scheduled ancient monuments such as the dovecote tower (33720) and precinct of the Abbey, including the pillow mound and fishponds (33724). The designation area for the precinct of the Abbey runs down the south side of Dropping Lane, terminating just before Durslade Farm (on the opposite side of the lane). The existence of these significant monuments within the immediate vicinity will impact on the development proposals as consideration will need to be given to the effect of any works on these monuments. In addition M. Richardson on behalf of English Heritage designated a large area of high archaeological potential in and around Bruton this encompassed part of the farm including the farmhouse and its immediate area and the designated area runs down on the opposite side of the road to the farm (see Figure 10).

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2.0 Historical Background 2.1

The Augustinian Priory/Abbey William de Mohun, the descendant of a Norman knight, was created Earl of Dorset and Somerset by the Empress Matilda/Princess Maud for his support of her cause during “The Anarchy” in the 12th century thereby increasing his wealth and landholdings. William, the owner of the Manor of Bruton founded a new priory on the outskirts of the town in 1142 endowing the institution with extensive lands in both England and Normandy. William died c.1165 and was supposedly buried in the Priory Church. The Priory became an Abbey in 1510/1511and the former main precinct (see Figures 1 & 2) ran along the south side of Dropping Lane, incorporating the fish ponds and dovecote, leaving the land now occupied by Durslade Farm just on the fringes of the central complex. This was demesne land within the Manor of Bruton; the retained portion of the manorial lands held by the Priory/Abbey. Demesne land so close to the main precinct was probably agricultural, providing the abbey with food, or leased to tenants and providing the abbey with an income. The land now occupied by Durslade Farm would probably have been open strip fields, only later being enclosed when the farm was established. No buildings of medieval date survive on the site and it is unlikely that any ever existed before the farm was established. The exact function and use of this land during the medieval period could be ascertained via study of the Abbey records, if they are still extant, but this is beyond the scope of this assessment. The close position of a pillow-mound, used to house a rabbit warren providing meat for the monks of the abbey, certainly suggests that the wider area would have been utilised for food production.

2.2

The Berkley Family – Berkeley Castle Estates Bruton Abbey was dissolved in 1540 when the estate reverted to the Crown and was initially tenanted by a number of individuals in quick succession before being leased in 1541 and then bought in 1546 by Sir Maurice Berkeley, standard bearer to Henry VIII. The Bruton Abbey Estate remained in the ownership of the Berkeley’s until 1776. The estate became a landscaped (deer) park at the time of purchase by the secular family, and evidence of this planned landscape may be found directly opposite the farm on the south side of Dropping Lane, where surviving sections of wall (re-used as a walled kitchen garden for the farm in the 19th century) may indicate the 16th-17th century arrangement of parkland pre-dating the enclosure and use as farmland. The land at Durslade was still classified as demesne land during the tenure of the Berkeley’s and this is borne out by their enclosure of the land and construction of the first phase of the farm buildings, in the 18th century, c.1750-1760. The farmhouse, stable, barn and possibly the granary were all built at this time, as well as some small additional buildings which have since been replaced. The farm was laid out with a large yard between the farmhouse and stable which face each other at roughly 90 degrees to the road, with the barn facing the road on the eastern side of the yard. K.A. Rodwell (2007) states that the farm was quoted in a 1768 Berkeley estate survey as; ‘A new-built messuage or tenement with the barn, stables, outhouses, courts, gardens and curtilage adjoining called Durslade Farm.’ The farm was built as an estate venture with the farmhouse and stable constructed in the Gothick style, with arched stone mullioned windows on the house and arched ground floor openings and bulls-eye loft windows on the stable, both elevations of which face onto the farmyard. The house carries the Berkeley coat of arms on a plaque on its road-side elevation and the barn was also enhanced with decorative details; with large stone finials added to its

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gable ends and the porch above the large central threshing doors. The finials are in the style of a Maltese Cross, an emblem taken from the Berkeley family coat of arms (Figure 3). These buildings are all constructed in the local stone with design elements superfluous to the requirements of agriculture but intended as a display of status and fashion. The house, stable and barn represent the substantial amount of money spent by the Berkley’s in establishing the holding. Keystone Historic Buildings Consultants’ 2010 report on Durslade Farm notes that the buildings are significant as a group of first phase late 18th century farm buildings but also carry individual significance in their form, function and planned layout (the house stable and barn are all designated as significant within the report). The buildings also hold both a community as well as historical significance due to their place in the processes of 18th/19th century agricultural enclosure and the associations with the Berkeley and subsequent Hoare dynasties. M. Richardson in her 2002 report lists Durslade Farm (BRU503) first in her section on rural settlement development in the post-medieval period (Figure 4) and notes that Durslade is unusual when compared to most of the other farms around the town which are hard to date because they are not noted on cartographic sources before the 1886 First Edition Ordnance Survey Map (Figure 5).

2.3

The Hoare Family – Stourhead Estate In 1776 the Manor of Bruton was bought by Henry Hoare, the famous 18th century banker and MP who resided at Stourhead, Wiltshire, where he had totally redesigned and laid out the park and gardens and Durslade Farm remained demesne land within the manor. Both Rodwell (2007) and Keystone (2010) note that in 1839 the farm at Durslade (at this time 369 acres) was mapped as part of an estate-wide survey. A record was made of the tenants who occupied the various farms; the tenant of Durslade Farm was a Harry Herrington and the Herrington’s held the farm until 1886, when the Jackson family, Josiah and his son, took over. The 1886 First Edition Map (Figure 5) recorded the 18th century buildings on the farm as well as the additional 19th century structures, comprising engine house, machine house and cow unit all built during the Herrington’s tenure. The map has been annotated to show these in red, highlighting their locations within the complex and their relationships with the earlier buildings. The 19th century structures differed in their construction from the earlier buildings having brickwork elements and in their function in that they provided animal housing illustrating a fundamental shift in the landuse and function of the farm towards dairy farming.

2.4

The 20th Century Sale In 1918 the farm was sold as part of a wider auction process off-loading the outlying landholdings of the Stourhead Estates. Rodwell discusses the sale and notes that the Durslade holding was listed as being of 318 acres and described as ‘an excellent dairy holding’. The buildings listed as part of the sale details comprise the same configuration as seen today; cow stalls, calving boxes, stables, wagon shed, coach house, two machine houses, open implement shed, granary, large barn, engine house and piggeries. Copies of photographs from the sale catalogue can be found in Rodwell’s report (see Figure 6). Details pertaining to the auction of the Stourhead Estate holdings can be seen at the English Heritage National Monuments Record, in Swindon, Wiltshire (SCO0315). The farm was bought by the Gilling or HarperGilling family and the farm remained with this family, still being in their ownership when K A Rodwell wrote the 2007 report. Rodwell noted at that time that no significant 20th century works had occurred to the farmhouse and little added to the other buildings. By 2010 the farm was redundant and uninhabited.

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3.0 Archaeological Context and Potential 3.1

Prehistoric and Roman Periods A number of Prehistoric flint assemblages have been discovered in and around Bruton, although no actual settlement sites have been confirmed. However, had any settlement existed it is likely that any evidence could have been wiped out by both the historic and the modern development of the town. M. Richardson considers that the factors which would make Bruton a suitable settlement site in later periods (such as the river valley location) may already have been present in Prehistoric times making it a likely focus for activity. In Map A of her report (Figure 7) the location of the known prehistoric and roman sites around Bruton are illustrated and three distinct sites are marked as find spots for flint scatters, at least proving the manufacture and use of flint tools in the immediate area around the town. Two of these scatters are to the north of the town (SMR23724; SMR 23725), with one to the south at Holywater copse to the south-west of Durslade Farm (SMR53607). Less than a mile to the east of Durslade Farm is Hill View Farm which has a number of possible enclosures and a mound. The potential enclosures have been noted from aerial photographs (SMR 53616) and they lie on the south side of Dropping Lane between Hill View Farm and Durslade Farm, however these may simply be relict field boundaries. The mound lies on the same side of the lane but further to the south, away from Durslade Farm, and has been interpreted as either a bronze age round barrow or a possible windmill mound (SMR 53629). The roman period is significantly represented in and around Bruton, with a number of sites discovered to the north of the town (Figure 7). These include a roman occupation site which has produced finds of tesserae and roofing tiles at Poplar Farm, Lamyatt (SMR 23730). A further site also in Lamyatt is a 3rd or 4th century roman temple (SMR23728) first found in the 1950s and excavated fully in the 1970s. Although these are both located on the north side of Bruton they suggest active use of the area during the Roman period with both habitation and ritual sites. In the 18th century during works on a site near Discove Farm a tesserae pavement was found and recorded, although the information has now been lost. The feature is still recorded on the Somerset Historic Environment Record (SMR53605) and this possible Roman site is of vital consideration in assessing the potential of Durslade Farm given that Discove lies just across Dropping Lane to the south, less than half a mile away. If we take this admittedly limited evidence at face value it suggests that Roman settlement may have occurred on both banks of the river and was more widespread than it may initially appear. There is therefore some potential for further Roman archaeological deposits at Durslade Farm, although the nature of these cannot be predicted. The possible mosaic floor at Discove would suggest that a villa or high status building existed, and thus further settlement or landscape features associated with agricultural landuse could be expected in the immediate area.

3.2

Saxon and Medieval Periods The documentary evidence from this period suggests a late Saxon borough; a settlement of some status (SMR53600), and there is evidence of 10th century coins having been minted in Bruton and there is also a listing in the Domesday Book of five burgesses from the town in 1086. A settlement of such wealth and status with its own mint should potentially leave significant archaeological remains, and having been directly superseded in its position on the south river bank by the priory and abbey buildings it is likely much may survive. The area around such a settlement may also be expected to hold archaeological deposits from this period as the land would have been worked and the extent of the settlement has not been archaeologically determined, with outlying buildings, workshops and farms being highly likely. Therefore, due to the close location of the farm to the main precinct of the abbey where

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it is believed the earlier Saxon settlement is situated there is high potential for archaeological deposits in and around Durslade Farm (see Figure 8). ‘The town of Bruton has high research potential. There is clear documentary evidence for an early Saxon settlement of high standing. Much of the likely area of this settlement has been to some extent protected by being enclosed in the later abbey precinct. However the state of preservation and extent of any Saxon remains has not been tested archaeologically. The precise location and form of the two documented 7th-century churches has still to be established archaeologically. The history of the Augustinian abbey itself is well documented but there has been no archaeological research into Leland’s suggestion of an early 11thcentury Benedictine monastery on the same site.’ (Richardson. M; 2002, ‘English Heritage Extensive Urban Survey: assessment of Bruton’)

An archaeological

When the Somerset Historic Environment Record is consulted (see Appendix 2) several other sites in the vicinity of the farm are highlighted; the early medieval period is represented by the find of a possible Viking sword in Cogley Wood, adjacent to the farmland at Durslade (SMR19485). This find may suggest a burial site and given the close proximity of the potential Saxon settlement (Figure 8) there is the possibility that the farmland may contain archaeological deposits and possibly burials associated with the settlement. However, the possibility must be considered that the sword may merely be a stray find. In relation to the medieval period and the archaeological potential of the farm it must be considered that immediately to the north-west of the farm, on the south side of Dropping Lane, is an area of land with numerous earthworks identified as medieval fish ponds. These are part of the larger abbey complex, the main precinct of which lies just beyond (the precinct, fish ponds and a pillow-mound (warren) are all classified as a scheduled ancient monument designation number 33724). Regarding areas of potential exceptional archaeological preservation M. Richardson discusses the precinct of the abbey as one of two areas within the town in which archaeological deposits (of both Saxon and the medieval period) are least likely to have suffered disturbance. It is acknowledged however that this assumption has not been tested archaeologically and little or no work has occurred to record any extant deposits. However, the position of Durslade Farm on the edge of the Abbey precinct and the farms former use as demesne land within the medieval manor make it an area of significant archaeological potential, with the possibility of medieval deposits, stray finds or evidence of historic land use. The land now occupied by Durslade Farm as demesne land was protected by later development or the expansion of the town, leaving any buried remains or artefacts relatively undisturbed. Further potential for medieval archaeology is supported by the existence of a deserted medieval settlement site at Discove Farm to the south-east of Durslade Farm (SMR53618). The location of such small medieval settlements on the edge of the Abbey precinct is unsurprising as the local economy was dominated by the Abbey with people flocking to its boundaries for trade, protection and patronage. Although the demesne land would not have contained a settlement its position within this landscape of medieval activity makes the potential for further discoveries more likely. To add to this picture of a bustling landscape, a further deserted medieval settlement site is recorded at Horseley Farm, South Brewham (SMR53584) on the other side of Cogley woods. Ridge and furrow and associated earthworks mark this possible site and suggest a small agricultural settlement with open strip fields. To the south further along Dropping Lane another site of possible medieval date is to be found at Redlynch, incorporating a possible moated feature and fishpond (SMR53617). There are further sites within the wider area and this starts to build a pattern for the development of the landscape in and around Bruton which is relevant to Durslade as part of this landscape and which will no doubt contain at least some physical evidence for the activity now represented within the Historic Environment Record.

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3.3

Post-Medieval There is evidence referred to in the listing documents which suggests a 17th century date for the earliest establishment of the farm at Durslade (Appendix 1). This has not been confirmed and certainly no evidence survives of a building of that date on the site. However, 18th century deposits would probably be encountered both in and around the buildings and adjacent areas, such as the former orchard and in-bye pastures close to the farmyard. Typically one would expect the debris and waste from farm life and domestic habitation to be present, with some limited potential for high or at least middle status goods, the farm being a fine estate property, leased to tenants of both the Berkley’s and the Hoare’s. It is also possible that specific deposits remain from the construction of the farm buildings and the enclosure and establishment of the farm such as building waste, wall trenches, foundations, ground levelling and other features. The conversion of the farm from arable to mainly dairy production in the 19th century and the abandonment of domestic habitation in the later 20th century would have provided some protection for any surviving archaeological deposits from the intensive use of modern arable farming machinery. The farm is Grade 3B land on the Agricultural Land Classification system; described as moderate quality agricultural land which produces moderate yields of a narrower range of crops of high yields of grass which can be grazed or harvested year-round. This later classification would indicate perhaps why the farm was converted to pastoral farming in the 19th century, being more suited to grazing than crops. The lack of any 20th century restoration of the structures will also have protected both the 18th century first phase buildings and any associated archaeological deposits internally and externally. The additional 19th century buildings added to the farm complex, such as the engine house and machine shed represent the increasing mechanisation of agriculture and any deposits associated with these buildings and their functions may have research interest for industrial archaeology purposes. A further post-medieval phase of interest with potential for Durslade Farm is the creation of the Bruton Turnpike Trust; the turnpike utilising part of Dropping Lane. The turnpike runs from Milton Bridge to Charlton Common (SMR29098) and a turnpike terminus stone (SMR56954) is to be found again at Redlynch on Dropping Lane. The farm is adjacent to Dropping Lane and the potential for stray finds associated with the use of the turnpike road is possible, as well finds and structures associated with the earlier periods of use of the roadway as a main historic route out of the town.

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4.0 Impact of the Project Proposals 4.1

The Proposals The proposals for Durslade Farm incorporate the renovation and conversion of the historic farm buildings and the soft and hard landscaping of the surrounding farmland (see Figures 1116). The proposals concerning the farm buildings show landscaping and new ground coverings in and around the farmyard with patio areas to be constructed within the cow shed yard which will be associated with the gallery and proposed café/restaurant. The farmyard will also be tidied and there is to be some restoration of historic walls to the stable area. The stables, and implement shed are to be converted into offices and an educational space/workshop. The cow shed is to become a café/restaurant with kitchen, with a newly built linking corridor to the proposed new gallery to the rear. There is a toilet block extension to the rear of the cow shed to be built adjacent to this linking corridor. A block of buildings (part of the new gallery) is proposed to the north-west of the farmhouse, towards the access road which runs to the adjacent property. The structure of the farmhouse will be renovated and modernised to form accommodation for gallery visitors. The barn will become part of the proposed gallery space. The engine house to the rear of the barn is to be retained for storage; the adjoining machine shed will be converted into gallery space. The attached piggeries are to be restored and part used as an open courtyard, while the piggery building will be incorporated into the gallery structure. There is to be a large gallery space built to the rear of the cow shed, barn and machine shed; this is a proposed modern exhibition space built at an angle to the rear of the historic buildings forming a large internal courtyard with covered verandas. This courtyard is also to be used for external art works display area and garden. The proposals include a large area to the rear of the buildings being soft landscaped to become a meadow and garden, formerly the orchard of the farm. The proposals include an area adjacent to Dropping Lane for parking, landscaped to provide level parking and incorporating a driveway and entrance.

4.2

Impact of the Proposals The renovation and conversion of the farmhouse will require the provision of modern sanitation and updated services within the house, this and the restoration works will involve some necessary alteration, repair or addition to the historic fabric of the structure. However, it appears from the proposal drawings that the layout and overall appearance of the building will remain the same and the design seeks to respect the historic building. The landscaping of the farmyard and the cow shed courtyard will naturally change the character and context of the buildings surroundings it, no longer being an active or even redundant agricultural space. The landscaping however attempts to retain a rural agricultural feel, with an open grassed area surrounded by the historic buildings, and by restoring some stone wall divisions. The original central entrance will however be blocked. The conversion of the redundant farm buildings to offices, educational space/workshop, and gallery space will impact on the historic fabric of the buildings to some extent during the conversion from redundant agricultural buildings into multi-use spaces (Figure 16). The stables, cow shed, implement shed and wagon shed will have the fabric of their structures repaired and conserved, their interiors will be stripped of any remaining fittings and the proposals show rooms and spaces created within the existing structures. The works needed to

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create these spaces have been described as ‘light refurbishment’, and are designed to minimise the impact on the structures. It appears that the outer appearance of the buildings will remain the same, particularly in terms of the view from the lane. Original window and door openings will largely be retained, although some doors, such as the threshing doors of the barn, will be replaced by glass panels, increasing the light to the interior. The installation of services where required will clearly involve some impact during the trenching groundworks for pipes and cables and the breaching of some of the historic exterior walls to allow the services access into the buildings. However the design is again intended to be flexible, with multiple use-options once the refurbishment and conversions are complete and the least intrusion possible into the historic structures is intended. The barn will however have its gable ends breached to provide links with the cow shed and machine shed; this will obviously have a direct impact on the structure and link several historic phases of buildings. The exterior appearance (especially from the lane) however will remain the same, the breaches occurring only in party walls. The proposals show the interior of the building is to be left as one large open space; maintaining the character of the historic barn. The construction of the new gallery will necessitate those works producing the largest impact on the historic and archaeological assets of the farm, enclosing the rear of several of the first and second phase farm buildings with a courtyard and requiring significant groundworks during the construction process. The stone walls and other divisions within this rear area behind the buildings will all have to be removed to make way for the new gallery (Figure 12). The later 19th century piggeries will be partially demolished, the small yards are to be cleared to form an open space and the remaining historic building is to be abutted by the new gallery structure. The later 19th century machine shed is to be completely demolished, replaced by the new gallery structure and the gallery and associated outshuts will adjoin the rear of the cow shed which will require sections of the walls to be breached to form the connections, with a service block to be constructed to the rear to provide toilets. Kitchen services will be installed forming a restaurant in the cow shed, the milking stalls and byres being removed opening up the space. However, from the road and the farmyard the gallery will not be particularly visible (only the roofline should be seen) positioned behind the historic buildings, preserving the appearance of the historic layout of the farmyard.

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5.0 Evaluation Trenching South West Archaeology observed the excavation of four trenches at Durslade Farm on the 14th August 2012. In total 100m of trenching, 1.6m wide was opened in accordance with a Project Design (Appendix 1). In each of the trenches the land showed evidence of having been terraced and levelled with no archaeologically significant features or finds encountered that pre-dated the 18th century farmstead.

5.1

Trench 1 Trench 1 NE end 0.00m = c.-1.37m AOD 0.00 – 0.20m (100) Topsoil. Dark brown grey, friable clay-silt. Finds = 19th-20th century pottery, glass, Fe objects, CBM. 0.20 – 0.33m (101) Made-ground. Mixed light buff-brown & dark cream grey, compact rubble layer of stone & CBM fragments in silt with frequent charcoal and mortar. More substantial at east end, near to existing wall. Only slightly intrudes on subsoil at western end. Finds = 19th century waste. 0.33 – 0.42m (102) Suibsoil. Mid grey-brown, soft clay-silt with moderate CBM & stone rubble & charcoal flecks. Finds = 1 sherd of 18th century pottery & animal bone. 0.42m+ Natural. Light-mid brown-orange, compact clay. Trench 1 SW end 0.00m = c.-1.37m AOD 0.00 – 0.10m (100) As above. 0.10 – 0.40m (102) As above. 0.40m+ Natural. As above. A single modern feature occurred in Trench 1. Linear [104] was aligned NW-SE. It was 0.65m wide, 0.40m+ deep and 1.60m long. It contained Fill (104), which contained 20th century Blue Transfer Print White Refined Ware pottery. It cut Made-ground (101) and was sealed by Topsoil (100). The Made-ground appears to be a hard-core reinforcement tipped into a track/yard depression and mixed with a relic topsoil as opposed to a properly instated yard surface.

5.2

Trench 2 Trench 2 NE end 0.00m = c.-1.13m AOD 0.00 – 0.20m (100) Topsoil. As above. 0.20 – 0.34m (102) Subsoil. As above. 0.42m+ Natural. As above. Trench 2 SW end 0.00m = c.-1.45m AOD 0.00 – 0.14m (100) As above. 0.14 – 0.24m (106) Hard-core rubble and silt fill of Cut [105]. Mixed mid cream & grey silty rubble, lower half was a compact silty rubble of large stone and brick fragments & light yellow brown, loose sandy gravel mortar with CBM & stone. Its top half was a dark grey silty rubble that extends beyond and seals the cut. Finds = 19th20th century. 0.24m+ Natural. As above.

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A single cut occurred in Trench 2 roughly 16m in length and 0.24m deep with a gentle slope and flat base. It contained the hardcore fill (106). [105] with (106) fully truncate the subsoil 1m from the western end of the trench. The existence of this subsoil demonstrates that this Made-ground and that of Trench 1 were separate features, which seem to respect an existing wall.

5.3

Trench 3 Trench 3 has a depth of c. 0.10m of topsoil/yard surface directly onto Natural. The Natural in this yard differs from that in Trenches 1 and 2 in that it contains frequent angular sandstone rocks that sit in a slightly light yellow-brown orange clay. A modern drain running south from an existing down-pipe on the barn is the only noticeable feature.

5.4

Trench 4 Trench 4 has a depth of c. 0.10m at its north end and 0.40m+ at its south end of Topsoil directly onto Natural. A water service trench aligned NW-SE was the only feature present. The depth of Topsoil directly onto natural in the southern half of the evaluated area is evidence of terracing of the land prior to- or in conjuncture with the building of the 18th century farmstead.

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6.0 Conclusions 6.1

Desk-based Study There is potential for finding flint scatters in the topsoil of the fields around Durslade Farm as this area has already got a number of recorded find spot sites; one of which is the south side of the river, just over a mile away at Holywater copse (SMR53607). The conversion to pastoral farming in the 19th century will have minimised deep ploughing on the farm and this increases the likelihood of concentrations of deposits remaining relatively undisturbed within the surrounding fields. Any settlement or physical remains associated with the flint scatters and prehistoric activity may therefore also be uncovered. There is a high potential for Roman deposits or evidence of historic land use as the proximity of the possible tesserae pavement find at Discove (SMR53605) cannot be ruled out and the sites north of the river (SMR23728; SMR23730) suggest Roman activity and settlement in the area. Any archaeology found within the farm complex will have been disturbed to some extent by the construction of the 18th and 19th century buildings; we do not know however how the land was prepared for the building of the farm, whether it was levelled, raised or excavated so archaeology may remain intact below the buildings. The construction of a new gallery and the requirements in the modern age for deeper foundations will possibly uncover earlier, intact layers. Although medieval and post-medieval agricultural activity may have partly disturbed deposits within the fields, the 19th century conversion to pastoral farming will have increased the survival rate for any buried remains within the area to be landscaped. There is possibly a high potential for finding Saxon and Early Medieval deposits given that the documentary and artefactual evidence point to the existence of a Saxon borough (SMR53600); the proximity of the farm to the supposed location of this settlement suggests that habitation and agricultural evidence or even burial deposits may be found (SMR19485). If this potential evidence is situated on the site of the farm building complex, again they may have been disturbed to some extent during the 18th and 19th centuries. There is also a high potential for finding medieval deposits associated with the use of the demesne land during the tenure of the Priory and the later Abbey at Bruton, the precinct of which (Scheduled Ancient Monument 33724) lies just to the north-west. As with the potential deposits noted above, early deposits could be found but may have been disturbed by the construction of the farm building complex. The fields/orchards and the rear of the buildings where the new gallery will be built are areas where there is increased possibility of finding more undisturbed layers. It is expected that post-medieval archaeology will undoubtedly be uncovered in and around the farm and farm buildings during the conversion and landscaping works. Artefacts or features uncovered may be associated with the construction of the farm buildings and the habitation and farming processes which were undertaken on the site. As an additional factor 19th century agricultural/industrial deposits may be found when converting the second phase buildings such as the engine house.

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6.2

Evaluation Trenching The terracing of the land on the road side half of the site may have resulted in the truncation of any archaeology on site, barring particularly deep cut features. The land to the rear of Durslade Farm, likewise has been terraced and built up with relatively modern rubble, which sits on Natural in parts, again truncating any possible features. Despite the high potential for archaeology of various periods given the relatively undeveloped landscape, none was encountered. However, despite this and the apparent terracing on site it cannot be assumed that archaeology is absent from the area of the proposed car park development, despite its use in recent history as a vegetable garden.

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7.0 Recommendations The high archaeological potential of the farm can be assessed hypothetically from the desk-top study; however the realities of the potential when quantified by the evaluation trenching suggest that a large proportion of the farm and its immediate curtilage have been truncated during the construction of the farm buildings and their associated yards in the 18th and 19th centuries. Any earlier archaeological traces that may have existed have therefore been largely truncated or completely removed. The works that are proposed which will directly impact upon the historic structure of the farm buildings are seemingly minimal, it may however be necessary for an archaeologist to monitor such works. Given the 2010 building assessment by Keystone it is unlikely that the buildings which are to be completely demolished or significantly altered are worthy of any further detailed recording. The farm is certainly located in an area of high archaeological activity, with find spot sites and recorded features from a wide range of periods. A number of significant historical figures owned the farm and the site was formerly in the possession of a medieval religious institution, belonging to the manor of Bruton. In the immediate area are a number of scheduled ancient monuments and the Somerset Historic Environment Record database notes a range of sites in and around the farm (see Appendix 4). The farm buildings are of historical importance being Grade II listed. When considering these high levels of archaeological potential at Durslade Farm a programme of further targeted archaeological monitoring may be required, most notably on the area of the proposed car park. Given the results of the evaluation trenches it seems unlikely that further monitoring will be required within the areas of the courtyard or proposed new gallery site.

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8.0

Figures

Figure 1: Bruton Conservation Area, with the TPOS and Listed Buildings indicated (from Wykes 2010).

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Figure 2: Map showing the Abbey precinct in purple, with the position of the pillow-mound and dovecote shown, with Durslade Farm ringed in red; from the 2010 Keystone report.

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Figure 3: The barn (from the 2010 Keystone report). The arrows show the elaborate Maltese crosses which act as finials to the gables.

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Figure 4: Map D - showing Bruton with the important post-medieval and industrial developments marked in brown (from M. Richardson 2002). The map has been annotated to show the position of Durslade Farm, highlighted in green.

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Figure 5: The 1886 First Edition Ordnance Survey Map (after Rodwell 2007) showing some of the additional 19th century buildings in red.

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Figure 6: Photograph from 1918 sale catalogue (after Rodwell, 2007).

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Figure 7: Map A - showing the known sites of Prehistoric and Roman finds or archaeological deposits (after. Richardson 2002). The map has been annotated to show the position of Durslade Farm, highlighted in green.

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Figure 8: Map B - showing the probable position of the Saxon settlement (after Richardson 2002). The map has been annotated to show the position of Durslade Farm, highlighted in green, showing the farmhouse within the area of high archaeological potential.

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Figure 9: Existing Designations Map F (after Richardson 2002). The map has been annotated to show the position of Durslade Farm, highlighted in green, showing the farmhouse within the area of high archaeological potential.

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Figure 10: Plan of the buildings at Durslade Farm (after Rodwell 2007 and updated in the Keystone 2010 report). The pink defines the area of high archaeological potential as laid out by M. Richardson in her 2002 report.

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Figure 11: The final proposals for Durslade Farm showing the conversion of the existing buildings and the new gallery space to the rear of the barn, with the landscaped area behind the buildings.

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Figure 12: The proposals for the barn, cow shed, machine house and new gallery. South West Archaeology

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Figure 13: Cross-sections 5, 6 and 7 of the proposals.

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Figure 14: Cross-sections 1, 2 and 3 of the proposals.

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Figure 15: Proposals for the rear of the new gallery (northeast and northwest elevations). South West Archaeology

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Figure 16: The proposals for the farmyard and side of the gallery (northeast and southwest elevations).

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Figure 17: As Figure 11 but with the first phase 18th century buildings highlighted in green and the second phase 19th century buildings highlighted in red.

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Figure 18: Location of evaluation trenches in relation to the existing buildings.

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Figure 19: Location of the evaluation trenches in relation to proposed plans.

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8.0 Bibliography and References Published Sources: Institute of Field Archaeologists 1994 (Revised 2001 & 2008): Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Desk-based Assessment. Richardson, M. 2002: English Heritage Extensive Urban Survey: An Archaeological Assessment of Bruton, English Heritage.

Unpublished Sources: Cox, J. and Thorp, J. 2010: Durslade Farm Archaeological Assessment of Significance, Keystone Historic Building Consultants. Rodwell, K. A. 2007: The History and Structural Development of Durslade Farm. Wykes, J. 2010: Bruton Conservation Area Appraisal. South Somerset District Council

Internet Resources: www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk www.heritagegateway.org.uk http://webapp1.somerset.gov.uk/her/map www.nationalarchives.gov.uk http://magic.defra.gov.uk/website/magic/viewer.htm

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Appendix 1 PROJECT DESIGN FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION AT DURSLADE FARM, DROPPING LANE, BRUTON, SOMERSET Location: Durslade Farm, Dropping Lane Parish: Bruton District: South Somerset County: Somerset NGR: ST6872 3449 Planning Application no: n/a (pre-planning) Proposal: Development of the site to form a gallery, guest accommodation, visitor facilities and artists space th Date: 14 August 2012 1.0 1.1

1.2 2.0 2.1

3.0 3.1

4.0 4.1 4.2

4.3

INTRODUCTION This document forms a Project Design which has been produced by South West Archaeology (SWARCH) at the request of Jackson Coles Construction Consultants LLP (The Agent) on behalf of Mr & Mrs Wirth (The Client). This Project Design sets out the methodology for archaeological evaluation trenching and recording prior to the application for planning permission at Durslade Farm, Dropping Lane, Bruton, Somerset and for related off-site analysis and reporting. The Project Design and the scheme of work it proposes have been devised in consultation with Steve Membury of the Somerset County Historic Environment Service (SCCHES). The work is commissioned in accordance with PPS5 Planning Policy Statement 5: Planning for the Historic Environment (2010). ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND A desk-based assessment of the farm has already been undertaken by South West Archaeology (SWARCH report No. 120601). The farm is located in an area of high archaeological activity, with find spot sites and recorded features from a wide range of periods. A number of significant historical figures owned the farm and the site was formerly in the possession of a medieval religious institution, belonging to the manor of Bruton. In the immediate area are a number of scheduled ancient monuments and the HER database notes a range of sites in and around the farm. The farm buildings are of historical importance being Grade II listed. AIMS The principal objectives of the work will be: 3.1.1 To undertake an archaeological evaluation in order to clarify the survival and extent of any belowground archaeological deposits within the area of the proposed development. 3.1.2 To analyse and report on the results of the project as appropriate. METHOD The Client will provide SWARCH with details of the location of existing services and of proposed groundworks within the site area. Health and Safety requirements will be observed at all times by any archaeological staff working on site, particularly when working with machinery. As a minimum: high-visibility jackets, safety helmets and protective footwear will be worn. 4.2.1 Appropriate PPE will be employed at all times. 4.2.2 The site archaeologist will undertake any site safety induction course provided by the Client. 4.2.3 If the depth of any trenching exceeds 1.2 metres the trench sides will need to be shored or stepped to enable the archaeologist to examine and if appropriate record the section of the trench. The provision of such measures will be the responsibility of the client. Evaluation Trenching: Three evaluation trenches will be positioned in accordance with the attached plan. The evaluation trenching will be undertaken by a 360° tracked or wheeled JCB-type mechanical excavator, fitted with toothless grading bucket, under the supervision and control of the site archaeologist to the depth of the surface of in situ subsoil/weathered natural or archaeological deposits whichever is encountered first. Should archaeological deposits be exposed machining will cease in that area to allow the site archaeologist to investigate the exposed deposits. 4.3.1 The archaeological work will be carried out in accordance with the Institute for Archaeologists Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Field Evaluation 1994 (revised 2001 & 2008) and Code of Conduct; 4.3.2 Spoil will be examined for the recovery of artefacts; 4.3.3 All excavation of exposed archaeological features will be carried out by hand, stratigraphically, and fully recorded by context to IfA guidelines. All features shall be recorded in plan and section at scales of 1:10, 1:20 or 1:50. All scale drawings shall be undertaken at a scale appropriate to the complexity of the deposit/feature and to allow accurate depiction and interpretation. An adequate photographic record of the excavation will be prepared. Where digital imagery is the sole photographic record, archivable prints will be prepared by a photographic laboratory. 4.3.4 If archaeological features are exposed, then as a minimum: i) small discrete features will be fully excavated; ii) larger discrete features will be half-sectioned (50% excavated);

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iii)

4.4

5.0 5.1 6.0 6.1

6.2

6.3 6.4 6.5

6.6

long linear features will be sample excavated along their length, with investigative excavations distributed along the exposed length of any such feature, and to investigate terminals, junctions and relationships with other features; iv) One long face of each trench will be cleaned by hand to allow site stratigraphy to be understood and for the identification of archaeological features; Should the above % excavation not yield sufficient information to allow the form and function of archaeological features/deposits to be determined full excavation of such features/deposits will be required. Additional excavation may also be required for the taking of palaeoenvironmental samples and recovery of artefacts. Any variation of the above will be undertaken in consultation with the SCCHES. In the event of particularly significant discoveries, the HES will be informed and a site meeting between the consultant, the HES and the client/applicant will be held to determine the appropriate mitigation. 4.3.5 Artefacts will be bagged and labelled on site. Unstratified post-1800 pottery may be discarded on site after a representative sample has been retained. Following post-excavation analysis and recording, further material may be discarded, subject to consultation with the appropriate specialists and the receiving museum; 4.3.6 Should archaeological or palaeoenvironmental remains be exposed, the site archaeologist will investigate, record and sample such deposits; 4.3.7 The project will be organised so that specialist consultants who might be required to conserve or report on finds or advise or report on other aspects of the investigation (e.g. palaeoenvironmental analysis) can be called upon and undertake assessment and analysis of such deposits - if required. On-site sampling and post-excavation assessment and analysis will be undertaken in accordance with English Heritage’s guidance in Environmental Archaeology: a guide to the theory and practice of methods, from sampling and recovery to post-excavation (2002); 4.3.8 Human remains will be left in-situ, covered and protected. Removal will only take place under appropriate Ministry of Justice and environmental health regulations. Such removal will be in compliance with the relevant primary legislation; 4.3.9 Any finds identified as treasure or potential treasure, including precious metals, groups of coins or prehistoric metalwork, will be dealt with according to the Treasure Act 1996 Code of Practice (2nd Revision) (Dept for Culture Media and Sport). Where removal cannot be effected on the same working day as the discovery, suitable security measures will be taken to protect the finds from theft; 4.3.10 In the event of particularly significant discoveries, the HES will be informed and a site meeting between the consultant, the HES and the client/applicant will be held to determine the appropriate response at this stage, and to discuss future mitigation through design or further archaeological work. Monitoring; 4.4.1 SWARCH will agree monitoring arrangements with SCCHES. Details will be agreed of any monitoring points where decisions on options within the programme are to be made. 4.4.2 SWARCH will notify the HES upon completion of the fieldwork stage of these works. 4.4.3 Monitoring will continue until the deposition of the site archive and finds, and the satisfactory completion of an OASIS report. FURTHER WORK The need for further archaeological work and the means of investigation (monitoring and recording, trenching or open area excavation) will be determined in consultation with SCHES and the Client once the results of the evaluation is known. Any subsequent work will be carried out in accordance with the above specification (4.0) ARCHIVE AND REPORT An ordered and integrated site archive will be prepared in accordance with The Management of Archaeological Projects (English Heritage, 1991 2nd edition) upon completion of the entire project. This will include relevant correspondence together with context sheets, field drawings, andenvironmental, artefactual and photographic records. The archive and finds will be deposited with the Somerset Museum under an accession number to be assigned (application in progress). The museum’s guidelines for the deposition of archives for long-term storage will be adhered to. Archaeological finds resulting from the investigation (which are the property of the landowner), will also be deposited with the above museum (under the accession number above) in a format to be agreed with the museum, and within a timetable to be agreed with the SCHES. The museum’s guidelines for the deposition of archives for long-term storage will be adhered to and any sampling procedures will be carried out prior to deposition and in consultation with the museum. If ownership of all or any of the finds is to remain with the landowner, provision and agreement must be made for the time-limited retention of the material and its full analysis and recording, by appropriate specialists. Upon completion of this stage of fieldwork SWARCH will supply the SCHES with a statement of impact of the proposed development upon the archaeological resource that contains sufficient detail to allow the HES to determine the scope of further archaeological work that may be required. If the evaluative investigations represent the only archaeological works undertaken the results will be presented to the SCHES in an appropriately illustrated and detailed formal report. An illustrated summary report will be produced as soon as possible following completion of fieldwork, specialist reports allowing. A draft report will be submitted to the HES for comment prior to its formal submission to the Local Planning Authority. Copies of the report will be provided to the SCHES as well as the Client. If few or no archaeological deposits are exposed then, with advance agreement with the SCHES, the submission of a short HER entry will be acceptable. The report will include the following elements: 6.6.1 A report number, date and the OASIS record number; 6.6.2 A copy of this Project Design;

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6.6.3 6.6.4 6.6.5 6.6.6 6.6.7 6.6.8

6.7

6.8 7.0

8.0

A summary of the project’s background; A description and illustration of the site location; A methodology of the works undertaken; A description of the project’s results; An interpretation of the results in the appropriate context; A summary of the contents of the project archive and its location (including summary catalogues of finds and samples); 6.6.9 A site location plan at an appropriate scale on an Ordnance Survey, or equivalent, base-map; 6.6.10 A plan showing the location of the trenches in relation to the site boundaries; 6.6.11 Plans of each trench, or part of trench, in which archaeological features are recognised along with adequate OD spot height information, an appropriate scale, the orientation of trenches in relation to north and with section drawing locations shown on these plans. Archaeologically sterile areas will not be illustrated unless this can provide information on the development of the site stratigraphy or show palaeoenvironmental deposits that have influenced the site stratigraphy; 6.6.12 Section drawings of trenches and features, with OD heights, at appropriate scales and showing the orientation of the drawing. Archaeologically sterile trenches will not be illustrated unless they can provide information on the development of the site stratigraphy or show palaeoenvironmental deposits that have influenced the site stratigraphy; 6.6.13 Site matrices where appropriate; 6.6.14 Photographs showing the general site layout and exposed significant features and deposits referred to in the text. All photographs will contain appropriate scales, the size of which will be noted in the illustration’s caption; 6.6.15 A consideration of evidence within its wider context; 6.6.16 A summary table and descriptive text showing the features, classes and numbers of artefacts recovered and soil profiles with interpretation; 6.6.17 Specialist assessment or analysis reports where undertaken; SCCHES will receive the report within three months of completion of fieldwork, dependant on the provision of specialist reports, radiocarbon dating results etc, the production of which may exceed this period. If a substantial delay is anticipated then an interim report will be produced. The report will be supplied to the SCHES on the understanding that one of these copies will be deposited for public reference in the HER. In addition to the hard copies of the report, one copy will be provided to the HES in digital format, in a format to be agreed in advance with the SCHES, on the understanding that it may in future be made available to researchers via a web-based version of the HER. A copy of the report detailing the results of these investigations will be submitted to the OASIS (Online AccesS to the Index of archaeological investigationS) database CONFLICT WITH OTHER CONDITIONS AND STATUTORY PROTECTED SPECIES SWARCH will consult with the applicant to ensure that the undertaking of the required archaeological works does not conflict with any other site constraints and will consider any biodiversity issues as covered by the NERC Act 2006. In particular, such conflicts may arise where archaeological investigations/excavations have the potential to have an impact upon protected species and/or natural habitats, or on the root protection areas of trees that are to be retained. PERSONNEL The project will be managed by Colin Humphreys; the evaluation will be carried out by suitably qualified SWARCH personnel directed by Bryn Morris/Samuel Walls. Where necessary appropriate specialist advice will be sought (see list of consultant specialists in Appendix 1 below).

Deb Laing-Trengove South West Archaeology The Old Dairy, Hacche Lane Business Park, Pathfields Business Park, South Molton, Devon EX36 3LH Telephone: 01769 573555 email: [email protected]

Appendix 1 – List of specialists

Building recording Richard Parker 11 Toronto Road, St James, Exeter. EX4 6LE. Tel: 07763 248241 Conservation Alison Hopper Bishop the Royal Albert Memorial Museum Conservation service [email protected] Richard and Helena Jaeschke 2 Bydown Cottages, Swimbridge, Barnstaple EX32 0QD [email protected],com Tel: 01271 830891 Curatorial Thomas Cadbury Curator of Antiquities Royal Albert Memorial Museum, Bradninch Offices, Bradninch Place, Gandy Street, Exeter EX4 3LS Tel: 01392 665356 Alison Mills The Museum of Barnstaple and North Devon , The Square, Barnstaple, North Devon. EX32 8LN Tel: 01271 346747 Bone Human Professor Chris Knusel University of Exeter Tel: 01392 722491 [email protected] Animal Wendy Howard Department of Archaeology, Laver Building, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QE [email protected] Tel: 01392 269330 Lithics South West Archaeology

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Martin Tingle Higher Brownston, Brownston, Modbury, Devon, PL21 OSQ [email protected] Metallurgy Lee Bray ENPA, Exmoor House, Dulverton, Somerset, TA22 9HL. [email protected] Palaeoenvironmental/Organic Wood identification Dana Challinor Tel: 01869 810150 [email protected] Plant macro-fossils Julie Jones [email protected] Pollen analysis Ralph Fyfe Room 211, 8 Kirkby Place, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA Pottery Prehistoric Henrietta Quinnell 39D Polsloe Road, Exeter EX1 2DN Tel: 01392 433214 Roman Alex Croom, Keeper of Archaeology Tyne & Wear Archives & Museums, Arbeia Roman Fort and Museum, Baring Street, South Shields, Tyne and Wear NE332BB Tel: (0191) 454 4093 [email protected] Medieval John Allan, Exeter Archaeology, Custom House, The Quay, Exeter, EX2 4AN Tel: 01392 665918 Post Medieval Graham Langman Exeter, EX1 2UF Tel: 01392 215900 email: [email protected]

Figure 20: Proposed Evaluation trench plan.

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Appendix 2 Extracts from the English Heritage Listing documents Durslade Farmhouse Description: Durslade Farmhouse Grade: II Date Listed: 24 March 1961 English Heritage Building ID: 261538 OS Grid Reference: ST6869634487 OS Grid Coordinates: 368696, 134487 Latitude/Longitude: 51.1088, -2.4485 Location: B3081, Bruton, Somerset BA10 0NL Locality: Bruton Local Authority: South Somerset County: Somerset Country: England Postcode: BA10 0NL Listing Text ST63SE BRUTON CP DROPPING LANE (East side) 5/65 Durslade Farmhouse 24.3.61 GVII Farmhouse C18. Local stone rubble with Doulting stone dressings; plain clay tile roof between coped gables; stone and chimney starts with moulded caps. "L"-plan; 2 storeys, 3 bay South West elevation. 12-pane sash windows in architraved surrounds to outer bays; plain door in architrave in centre with carved arms of Berkeley of Stratton in plain plaque above. Return wing on South side of 3 bays with "Y" tracery pointed arched windows rather wide, to both levels; between bays plain cambered arched doorways. Interior not seen. Front added or rebuilt by Sir Charles Berkeley in mid-C18,possibly to design of Nathaniel Ireson; rear may be late C18 restoration of original fabric - first recorded mention 1698 but thought to have been one of the manor farms, later acquired by Hoare family of Stourhead. (Couzins P, Bruton in Selwood, Abbey Press, Sherborne, 1972). Listing NGR: ST6869634487 Source: English Heritage Barn, About 30 Metres East of Durslade Farmhouse, Bruton Description: Barn, About 30 Metres East of Durslade Farmhouse Grade: II Date Listed: 29 August 1984 English Heritage Building ID: 261540 OS Grid Reference: ST6875134484 OS Grid Coordinates: 368751, 134484 Latitude/Longitude: 51.1088, -2.4477 Location: B3081, Bruton, Somerset BA10 0NL Locality: Bruton Local Authority: South Somerset County: Somerset Country: England Postcode: BA10 0NL Listing Text ST63SE BRUTON CP DROPPING LANE (East side) 5/67 Barn, about 30 metres East of Durslade Farmhouse GVII Barn. C18. Local stone rubble with ashlar dressings; plain clay tile roof between coped gables with cuboid cross finials. 3 bays, projecting central gable with tall doors, catslide roof to either side. Collar truss roof. Part of good C18 farm complex. Listing NGR: ST6875134484 Source: English Heritage Stable Block c65m South-east of Durslade Farmhouse Description: Stable Block, About 65 Metres South East of Durslade Farmhouse Grade: II Date Listed: 29 August 1984 English Heritage Building ID: 261541

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Durslade Farm, Dropping Lane, Bruton

OS Grid Reference: ST6876034452 OS Grid Coordinates: 368760, 134452 Latitude/Longitude: 51.1085, -2.4476 Location: B3081, Bruton, Somerset BA10 0NL Locality: Bruton Local Authority: South Somerset County: Somerset Country: England Postcode: BA10 0NL ST63SE BRUTON CP DROPPING LANE (East side) 5/68 Stableblock, about 65metres South East of Durslade Farmhouse GVII Stables. C18. Local stone rubble with Doulting stone dressinqs; plain clay tile roof between coped gables with finials. 2 storeys, 5 bays, On North West elevation 3 pointed arch windows and two matching doorways between - that at South West end blocked by later extension - and above 5 circular windows, all in plain openings. Part of good C18 farm complex. Listing NGR: ST6876034452 Source: English Heritage Granary c15m East of Durslade Farmhouse Description: Granary, About 15 Metres East of Durslade Farmhouse Grade: II Date Listed: 29 August 1984 English Heritage Building ID: 261539 OS Grid Reference: ST6872834493 OS Grid Coordinates: 368728, 134493 Latitude/Longitude: 51.1089, -2.4481 Location: B3081, Bruton, Somerset BA10 0NL Locality: Bruton Local Authority: South Somerset County: Somerset Country: England Postcode: BA10 0NL ST63SE BRUTON CP DROPPING LANE (East side) 5/66 Granary, about 15 metres East of Dunslade Farmhouse GV II Granary. Late C18 possibly. Timber framed clad with boarding; pyramidal clay tile roof with bonnet hips. Square on plan, standing on 9 straddle stones, plain door facing South West. Part of good C18 farm complex. Listing NGR: ST6872834493 Source: English Heritage

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Durslade Farm, Dropping Lane, Bruton

Appendix 3 Extracts from the Somerset Historic Environment Record Deserted medieval village, Discove County: Somerset District: South Somerset Parish: Bruton Somerset HER number: 53618 Grid Reference: ST 691 336 Old OS maps show that there were formerly more cottages S of Disgove Farm. Several enclosures and areas of earthworks remain, but there are no clear traces of the remains of holloways or abandoned crofts. APs show some disturbance but no clear evidence.{1} Wells and small yards shown on OSAD 6" map at ST69073374, ST69143357 and ST69233345 appear to relate to six buildings collectively called Discove Dairy. The northern group has three buildings, the southern two. {3} Lynchets also on site. {6} Sources 1 Mention - Proceedings of the Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society Aston, M and Murless, B.J 1978 "Somerset Archaeology 1977" vol 122, 135 2 Mention - Medieval Village Research Group Annual Report  25 (1977) (page 15) 3 Detailed records - Ordnance Survey Archaeology Division 1979 ST63SE39 (SCC Planning Department) 4 Map - Ordnance Survey Archaeology Division 1962 6" ST63SE (SCC Planning Department) 5 AP - HSL 71 179 Run 69E 8330. (06/09/1971) Location: Local Studies collection at Somerset Heritage Centre. 6 Detailed records - Ordnance Survey Archaeology Division 1979 ST63SE30 (SCC Planning Department) Pillow mounds, Bruton Abbey, Bruton County: Somerset District: South Somerset Parish: Bruton SCHEDULED MONUMENT: Augustinian priory, later abbey and associated pillow mound, at King's School [No:33724] Somerset HER number: 53603 Grid Reference: ST 6848 3442 A ditched pillow mound at ST68503442 is 69m long and has a maximum height of 0.8m. {1} APs show at least two more in the outer precinct of the Abbey (PRN 53601) aligned on the same direction. {3} The earthwork pillow mound was ploughed in the spring of 1998, having been in pasture. It is just visible as a rise in a crop of sweetcorn. {4} Area to S of church, on both sides of railway, and pillow mound scheduled on 28/8/2001. {6} The scheduled areas are all in good condition apart from some scrub growth in to the S of the railway. {7} Sources 1 Detailed records - Ordnance Survey Archaeology Division record card. Record ID: ST 63 SE 19 (1977) Location: HER files. 2 Mention - Aston, M. Gardens and earthworks at Hardington and Low Ham, Somerset. Somerset Archaeology and Natural History.  122 (1978), 11-28 [page 27] 3 AP - Aerofilms 377836. (undated, c.1977) Location: HER files. 4 Correspondence - Salvatore, JP [John], English Heritage, email to Somerset County Council. (20/7/1998) Location: Verbal, electronic or direct entry, no source retained. 5 Photo - Salvatore, J. (July 1988) 2 colour prints. Location: HER files. 6 Correspondence - English Heritage to Somerset County Council. (28/9/2001) Location: HER files under PRN 53601. 7 Site visit report - Graham, A [Alan]. English Heritage Field Monument Warden (25/7/2003) Location: HER files under PRN 53601.

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Durslade Farm, Dropping Lane, Bruton

Bruton Abbey County: Somerset District: South Somerset Parish: Bruton SCHEDULED MONUMENT: Augustinian priory, later abbey and associated pillow mound, at King's School [No:33724] Somerset HER number: 53601 Grid Reference: ST 685 345 The Augustinian priory of Bruton was founded c1127 to 1135 on the S side of the river. By the end of the C14 it was rich but very small with only 18 inhabitants. Conflicting evidence as to whether the priory had its own church or shared St Mary's with the parish. The latter is with the Priory using the nave, south aisle and chancel, the parish using the north aisle. The priory was given the status of an abbey in 1511. After the dissolution, it was sold to the Berkeley family, who used parts of the buildings as a mansion. The Abbey precinct is cut by the railway line. The main buildings were close to St Mary's church which is now mainly playing fields. {1} A long stretch of the abbey enclosure wall (probably C15) extends from ST68343472 to ST68383479 in the area known as the Plox. In addition there is a dovecote (PRN 53124), pillow mounds (PRN 53603) and fishponds (PRN 53602). {2} Area to S of church, on both sides of railway, and pillow mound scheduled on 28/8/2001. {9} The scheduled areas are all in good condition apart from some scrub growth in to the S of the railway. {10} Sources 1 Descriptive text - Aston, M and Leech, R. Historic Towns in Somerset.  (1977), 20-23 2 Detailed records - Ordnance Survey Archaeology Division record card. Record ID: ST 63 SE 6 (1966) Location: HER files. 3 Mention - Knowles, D and Hadcock, RN. Medieval Religious Houses of England and Wales.  (1971), 61-130 4 Mention - Page, W. Victoria History of the County of Somerset.  Vol. 2 (1911), 134-138 5 Mention - Bernard, C. Papers relating to the church of Martock and the priory of Bruton. Somerset Archaeology and Natural History.  19 (1873), 94-98 6 Mention - Savage, W. Somerset Towns. Somerset Archaeology and Natural History  99-100 (1954-55), 53-4 7 Descriptive text - Couzens, P. Bruton in Selwood.  (1972) 8 AP - Aerofilms 377837. (undated, c.1977) Location: HER files. 9 Correspondence - English Heritage to Somerset County Council. (28/9/2001) Location: HER files. 10 Site visit report - Graham, A [Alan]. English Heritage Field Monument Warden (25/7/2003) Location: HER files. Fishponds, Bruton Abbey County: Somerset District: South Somerset Parish: Bruton SCHEDULED MONUMENT: Augustinian priory, later abbey and associated pillow mound, at King's School [No:33724] Somerset HER number: 53602 Grid Reference: ST 686 345 Flight of three fishponds on E side of outer precinct of Bruton Abbey (PRN 53601). {1} Area to S of church, on both sides of railway, and pillow mound scheduled on 28/8/2001. {4} The scheduled areas are all in good condition apart from some scrub growth in to the S of the railway. {5} Sources 1 Map - Aston, M and Leech, R. Historic Towns in Somerset.  (1977), 23 2 Mention - Aston, M and Leech, R. Bruton. In Aston, M. Somerset Archaeology 1974-75. Somerset Archaeology and Natural History  120 (1976), 69-80 at 75. 3 Correspondence - Bishton, JN to Somerset County Council. (5/5/1978) Location: HER files. 4 Correspondence - English Heritage to Somerset County Council. (28/9/2001) Location: HER files under PRN 53601. 5 Site visit report - Graham, A [Alan]. English Heritage Field Monument Warden (25/7/2003) Location: HER files under PRN 53601.

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Durslade Farm, Dropping Lane, Bruton

Flint scatter, Holywater Copse, Bruton County: Somerset District: South Somerset Parish: Bruton, Pitcombe Somerset HER number: 53607 Grid Reference: ST 681 333 A partly worked arrowhead, a side scraper, two cores, two pieces of flint, several flakes with secondary working and other flakes and chippings were picked up at Godminster. {1} Four flint cores, 27 flakes and 6 scrapers in Taunton Museum. Found by Mr Hayward in fields in front of Godminster Farmhouse. {2} Sources 1 Mention - Anon [Gray, H St G]. Additions to the museum from January 1st to December 31st 1909. Somerset Archaeology and Natural History  55 (1909), 89-102 (page 89) 2 Detailed records - Ordnance Survey Archaeology Division record card Record ID: ST 63 SE 11 (1966). Location: HER files 3 Museum accession number - TTNCM A2441 in Somerset County Museum. 4 Museum accession number - TTNCM 2478 [Somerset County Museum] 5 Museum accession number - TTNCM 2355 [Somerset County Museum]

Saxon and Medieval Town, Bruton County: Somerset District: South Somerset Parish: Bruton Somerset HER number: 53600 Grid Reference: ST 68 34 The C7 churches of St Peter, founded by Aldhelm, and St Mary's probably formed the nucleus of a late Saxon borough, the evidence for which comes mainly from coins minted at Bruton in the late C10, and from the listing of five burgesses in Domesday Book (1086). Eleven burgesses paying rent in the adjacent manor of Pitcombe on the S side of the River Brue were also probably resident in the town. The place names Godminster or Godmanston, Holy father, Holywater, all of which are in Pitcombe could indicate a Saxon religious centre. Leland's claim that Algavus, Earl of Cornwall, founded an Abbey at Bruton in c1005 has not yet been substantiated The Augustinian abbey (PRN 53601) was founded c1127 to 1135 and probably kept a tight control on the town until the dissolution. By the C14 there was a prosperous market, especially dealing in wool. The cloth industry benefited from the water power available. Replaced by silk manufacture in mid C19. The medieval town, on the opposite side of the river from the abbey has a regular street pattern typical of planned towns of the C12 to C14. The main thoroughfare was the High Street with long narrow burgage plots on both sides with back lanes and at least four "alleys" or bartons running down the hill on the S side. The island site between Patwell Street and Quaperlake Street at the E end of the High Street may have been a rectangular market place which has since been developed. It is possible that medieval Bruton was planned and laid out by the abbey as a deliberate attempt to move the town from its Saxon origins. {1} Sources 1 Descriptive text - Aston, M and Leech, R. Historic Towns in Somerset.  (1977), 20-24. 2 Map - Aston, M and Leech, R. Historic Towns in Somerset.  (1977), 23-25. 3 Descriptive text - Couzens, P. Bruton in Selwood.  (1972) 4 Descriptive text - Aston, M. Somerset towns. In Haslam, J. Anglo-Saxon Towns of Southern England.  (1984) at 167-201 (specifically 174-6) 5 Mention - Proceedings of the Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society Savage, W 1954 "Somerset Towns" vol 99, 53-4

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Durslade Farm, Dropping Lane, Bruton

Dovecote, c370m South of Bruton Church (also known as Pigeon Tower), Park Wall (North side), Bruton County: Somerset District: South Somerset Parish: Bruton LISTED BUILDING grade: II* Somerset HER number: 50820 Grid Reference: ST 6838 3441 Grade amended from II to II* Dovecote. Possibly C16. Local stone with Doulting stone dressings; gabled on all four faces- now roofless- with finials to all but south side. Square plan; 3 storeys, floors now gone. Moulded cambered arched doorway on north east side, with 2-light chamfer mullioned windows to both levels over; to north west face 1,2, and 1-light windows; 3 blocked windows on south east side - gable damaged over; low single light to South west face, other windows blocked; all window openings have holes for vertical rods; remains of a fireplace inside, room for 200 nests. Probably a C16 conversion into dovecote of earlier building by the Berkeleys of former Bruton Abbey, used for habitation at some time - a C18 illustration shows a chimney in the roof situation; suggests sometime use as a watch tower. (Bruton in Selwood; Couzens P, Abbey Press, Sherborne, 1972) {1} Dovecote. Possibly C16. Local stone with Doulting stone dressings; gabled on all four faces - now roofless - with finials to all but South side. Sqare plan; 3 storeys, floors now gone. Moulded cambered arched doorway on North East side, with 2-light chamfer mullioned windows to both levels over; to North West face 1, 2 and 1-light windows; 3 blocked windows on South East side - gable damaged over; low single light to South west face, other windows blocked; all window openings have holes for vertical rods; remains of a fireplace inside; room for 200 nests. Probably a C16 conversion into dovecote of earlier building by the Berkeleys of former Bruton Abbey, used for habitation at some time - a C18 illustration shows a chimney in the roof; situation suggests sometime used as watch tower. Scheduled Ancient Monument (Somerset County No 258). (Couzens P, Bruton in Selwood, Abbey Press, Sherborne, (1972)). {2} Is a Scheduled Monument, see PRN 53124. {3} English Heritage Listed Building Number: 261602. First Listed on 24/03/1961. English Heritage Unified Designation System Asset Number: 1056424 {4} Sources 1 List - 6th amendment of 61st List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic interest: District of South Somerset (5/3/1998) Location: HER files 2 Old List - Sixty-first List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic interest: District of Yeovil (Somerset) (29/8/1984) Location: HER collections. 3 Pers comm - Webster, CJ [Chris]. Somerset County Council, Historic Environment Record (07/02/2003). Location: Verbal, electronic or direct entry, no source retained 4 Data transfer - Listed Buildings database, English Heritage. Record ID: 261602 (2005)

Early medieval sword find, Cogley Wood, Bruton County: Somerset District: South Somerset Parish: Bruton Somerset HER number: 19485 Grid Reference: ST 7028 3563 A 'Viking' sword was found in March 1984 during excavations for the building of a dam by Wessex Water. {1} The sword was acquired by the county museum and dates to C9-11. {2} Sources 1 Correspondence - Blensdorf, J to Somerset County Council. (October 1984) with plan showing location. Location: HER files 2 Museum accession number - Somerset County Museum, Taunton, accession number TTNCM 85.AA.15

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Durslade Farm, Dropping Lane, Bruton

Mound, South-east of Dropping Lane Farm, Bruton County: Somerset District: South Somerset Parish: Bruton Somerset HER number: 53629 Grid Reference: ST 6988 3356 A large, round well-preserved mound was located on a prominent hill overlooking Bruton. Its location and relationship to old field banks suggest that is probably a barrow rather than a windmill mound. {1] No apparent ditch. Looks artificial and may be a windmill mound, as the location is suitable. {2} Sources 1 Mention - Proceedings of the Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society Aston, M and Murless, B.J 1978 "Somerset Archaeology 1977" vol 122, 118 2 Detailed records - Ordnance Survey Archaeology Division 1979 ST63SE41 (SCC Planning Department)

Enclosures, Dropping Lane, Bruton County: Somerset District: South Somerset Parish: Bruton Somerset HER number: 53616 Grid Reference: ST 696 341 Two oval enclosures seen on APs which may be field boundaries. {1} Sources 1 AP - HSL 71 179 Run 69E 8329. (06/09/1971) Location: Local Studies collection at Somerset Heritage Centre. Moat and fishpond, South of Dropping Lane Farm, Redlynch, Bruton County: Somerset District: South Somerset Parish: Bruton Somerset HER number: 53617 Grid Reference: ST 6985 3365 Three arms of a moat, other arm infilled. Fishpond at ST69923371 - rectangular and dry with broken dam at E end. Shallow. {1} No traces of buildings. Marl pit nearby - may in fact be marl diggings. {3} Sources 1 Pers comm - Hardwick, J. Somerset County Council (13/10/1977). Location: Verbal, electronic or direct entry, no source retained 2 AP - HSL 71 179 Run 69E 8330. (06/09/1971) Location: Local Studies collection at Somerset Heritage Centre. 3 Detailed records - Ordnance Survey Archaeology Division record card. Record ID: ST 63 SE 40 (1979) Location: HER files. 4 Mention - Aston, M. Moated sites. In Aston, M and Murless, B. Somerset Archaeology 1977. Somerset Archaeology and Natural History  122 (1978), 117-152 at 133. 5 Mention - Moated Sites Research Group Report  5 (1978), 16 Tessellated Pavement find, Disgove County: Somerset District: South Somerset Parish: Bruton Somerset HER number: 53605

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Durslade Farm, Dropping Lane, Bruton

Grid Reference: ST 69 33 A tessellated pavement is said by Collinson to have been found at Disgove in 1711. {1} Nothing has been heard of it since - marginal site. {2} Sources 1 Mention - Collinson, J 1791 "History of Somerset", vol 1, 215 2 Mention - Victoria County History of Somerset 1906 vol 1, 320 3 Detailed records - Ordnance Survey Archaeology Division 1966 ST63SE1 (SCC Planning Department)

Turnpike Terminus Stone, Dropping Lane (B3081), Redlynch County: Somerset District: South Somerset Parish: Bruton Somerset HER number: 56954 Grid Reference: ST 6971 3403 The turnpike survey of Eastern Somerset found a pair of terminus stones (rare survivals of their type) marking the boundaries of the hamlets of Discove and Redlynch. See also PRN 56955. {1} This stone shows a hand pointing right and is inscribed "Here Ends Discove Road". {2} Sources 1 Mention - Bentley, JB and Murless, BJ. Roadside survey. In Dennison, E. Somerset Archaeology 1984-85. Somerset Archaeology and Natural History  129 (1985), 1-35 at 28-9. 2 Photo - Bentley, JB and Murless, BJ. Somerset Roads: The Legacy of the Turnpikes. Phase 2 - Eastern Somerset.  (1987) 3 Mention - Bentley, JB and Murless, BJ. Somerset Roads: The Legacy of the Turnpikes. Phase 2 - Eastern Somerset.  (1987), 79 Deserted medieval settlement, Horseley Farm, South Brewham Somerset HER Number 53584 Site Name:

Deserted medieval settlement, Horseley Farm, South Brewham

Civil Parish:

Brewham

Grid Ref:

ST 710 345 (ST 73 SW)

Public access: The public accessibility of this site is unknown or has not been checked. Please ask locally and do not visit without permission. [Information last updated on 21 May 2003] Details: Possible DMV. Beresford and Hurst site Horseley DMV to Batt's Farm (PRN 53583) probably because Collinson says it is in North Brewham and possibly because of the reputed church there (PRN 53577). But the farm of Horseley in South Brewham may mark the village site more correctly. APs shows surrounding ridge and furrow and minor earthworks in one field immediately E of the farm though the pattern is not typically that of a DMV. {1} This area was formerly a detached part of North Brewham which may explain the confusion with the Batt's Farm site. {3} Alternatively, it may be confused with Horseley in Gloucestershire, both of which belonged to Bruton Priory. Was referred to as a grange in a charter dated 1206-1242. {4} References: 1 Detailed records - Ordnance Survey Archaeology Division 1978 ST73SW8 (SCC Planning Department) 2 Aerial photographs - CPE.UK.1924 3265-6 1947 3 Verbal communication - Dennison, E Somerset County Council 26.09.84 4 Correspondence - M McGarvie to Somerset County Council 03.08.84 Mention - McGarvie, M. Two Farms in North Brewham. Somerset Archaeology and Natural History. 124 5 (1980), 166-167 [page 166-7]

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Durslade Farm, Dropping Lane, Bruton

Eighteenth Century Turnpike Road, Milton Bridge to Charlton Common

County: Somerset District: Mendip, South Somerset Parish: Lamyat, Milton Clevedon, Bruton, Charlton Musgrove, Shepton Montague Somerset HER number: 29098 Grid Reference: ST 6606 3778, ST 6733 3671, ST 6841 3487, ST 7266 3170 This road was first turnpiked in 1756 and fell under the Bruton Trust. It includes a number of bridges of similar or slightly later (C19) date, which have, like the road, been widened extensively over the last 200 years. 1} Sources 1 Detailed records - Bentley, JB and Murless, BJ. Somerset Roads: The Legacy of the Turnpikes. Phase 2 - Eastern Somerset.  (1987), Route BU2

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Durslade Farm, Dropping Lane, Bruton

Appendix 4 Catalogue of Historical and Archaeological Features Site HER reference NO: number (on Figure 21) Prehistoric Period 1 23725

NGR

ST 674 360

2 3

23724 53607

ST 668 365 ST 681 333

4 5

53616 53629

ST 696 341 ST 6988 3356

Roman Period 6 23730 7

23728

8 53605 Saxon/Viking Period 9

ST 656 356 ST 669 361 ST 69 33

Description

Date

Neolithic axe and associated scatter, Creech Hill. Flint scatter, Creech Hill. Flint scatter, Holywater Copse, Godminster Farm Crop mark enclosures, Hill View Farm Mound (possible barrow) Hill View Farm (this may however be a windmill mound)

Prehistoric

Circular earthwork, associated roof tiles and tesserae, Poplar farm Roman Temple, Lamyatt

Roman

Tesserae pavement, Discove Farm

Roman

Possible Saxon mill site, Coombe Farm

Saxon

Find spot site of a Viking sword (excavation in 1970s), Cogley Wood

Viking

Prehistoric Prehistoric Prehistoric Prehistoric

Roman

10

19485

Mentioned in M. Richardson 2002 ST 7028 3563

11

18154

ST 686 331

Possible Saxon ritual site, or site of a ‘minster’ at Godminster Farm

Saxon

12

53600

ST 68 34

Saxon

Possible Saxon mill site

Saxon

53612

Mentioned in M. Richardson 2002 Mentioned in M. Richardson 2002 ST 6856 3488

Saxon settlement, possible borough, documented in Domesday book Possible Saxon mill site

Possible Saxon mill site, Abbey mills

Saxon

Possible Saxon mill site

Saxon

50955

Mentioned in M. Richardson 2002 ST 6743 3426

Gants mill, possible Saxon mill site

Saxon

ST 6853 3495

Quaperlake street mill, possible Saxon or Medieval mill site

Saxon

Moat and fishpond, South of Dropping Lane, Redlynch Deserted medieval settlement, Horseley farm Deserted medieval village, Discove farm

Medieval

Medieval

13 14 15 16 17

Medieval Period 18 53611 19

53617

ST 6985 3365

20

53584

21

53618

ST 710 345 (ST 73 SW) ST 691 336

22

53601

ST 685 345

Bruton Abbey

53602

ST 686 345

Fishponds, Bruton Abbey

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Saxon

Medieval Medieval

53

Durslade Farm, Dropping Lane, Bruton

23

53603

ST 6848 3442

50820

ST 6838 3441 Mentioned in M. Richardson 2002 Mentioned in M. Richardson 2002 Mentioned in M. Richardson 2002 Mentioned in M. Richardson 2002

Dovecote, Pigeon Tower, Prospect Tower Medieval tenements, planned town Quaperlake Street and High street

Mentioned in M. Richardson 2002 ST 6812 3472

Wellesley House

Post-Medieval

Sexeys Hospital, Bruton

Post-Medieval

Durslade Farm

PostMedieval Post-Medieval

24 25 26 Post-Medieval Period 27 28

55481

29

Pillow mounds, Abbey Precinct

Medieval tenements, planned town Quaperlake Street and High street

Medieval

Market place, Bruton (Quaperlake and Patwell Streets, near church bridge)

Medieval

th

Market Cross (16 century set up by the last Prior dismantled in 1790)

th

30

57035

ST 6882 3482

31

28728

ST 6852 3496

32

56985

19 century Railways (Wiltshire, Somerset, Weymouth railway opened 1856) (Somerset, Dorset railway, to the southwest of the town, opened 1862; line now redundant)

53626

ST 7845 4765, ST 770 426, ST 743 408, ST 710 370, ST 695 352, ST 667 338, ST 632 334, ST 611 280, ST 601 230, ST 592 202, ST 581 171, ST 570 163 ST 658 529, ST 630 511, ST 604 467, ST 629 420, ST 636 370 ST 6733 3494

50747

Mentioned in M. Richardson 2002 ST 6837 3552

24131

33 34 35 36 37 38

South West Archaeology

Mentioned in M. Richardson 2002 Mentioned in M. Richardson 2002 Mentioned in M. Richardson 2002

Medieval

19 century Bruton Railway Station (Wiltshire, Somerset, Weymouth line) th 19 century Saw mill/Timber yard, Bruton

Medieval

Post-Medieval

th

Post-Medieval

19 century brick kiln, Chorley Hill

th

Post-Medieval

Brick Hill Farm (farm shown on 1834 parish map)

Post-Medieval

Coombe Hill house/Coombe Farm (farm shown on 1834 parish map) Burrowfield

Post-Medieval

Marksdanes (farm shown on 1834 parish map)

Post-Medieval

Cheeks Lane

Post-Medieval

Post-Medieval

54

Durslade Farm, Dropping Lane, Bruton

39 41

29098

42

56954

Mentioned in M. Richardson 2002 ST 6606 3778, ST 6733 3671, ST 6841 3487, ST 7266 3170 ST 6971 3403

West End th

Post-Medieval

18 century Turnpike road, Milton bridge to Charlton common (Dropping Lane)

Post-Medieval

Turpike Terminus stone, Dropping Lane

Post-Medieval

Figure 21: Location of historical and archaeological features in the area surrounding Durslade Farm.

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Appendix 5

Topsoil

1

Topsoil Topsoil

2 3

Topsoil

4

(104)

1

TOTALS

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1

0.002

18th century stem x1

1

4

1

0.002

5

0.017

sheep jaw fragment x1

0.46

cattle bone with saw cuts x3, burnt bone x1

0.477

4

1

1

0.008

0.008

copper alloy button x1

5

0.099

nails x3, possible buckel x1

0.341

horseshoe x1, large blacksmith nail x1, possible bolt x1, nail x2

9

0.44

34

notes

weight kg

sherds

Tile

notes

Glass

weight kg

fragments

notes

weight kg

Fe Objects

fragments

notes

Cu Objects

weight kg

fragments

notes

Animal Bone

weight kg

fragments

notes

Clay Pipes

weight kg

Fragments

Trench

Context

Concordance of finds

0.251

19th century or later,Vessel glass fragments x9

3

0.195

floor tile x1, pan tile x1

0.047

19th century Vessel glass fragments x5

2

0.243

roof tile x2

1

0.006

18th century vessel glass fragment x1

15

0.304

5

0.438

9

5

1

17

0.295

Topsoil

2

30

0.593

Topsoil

3

1

0.071

19th century South Somerset ware

Topsoil

4

1

0.002

Chinese porcelain, 18th century or later

(104)

1

2

0.006

white refined Earthenware blue transfer print x1, South Somerset ware? 18th century x1

51

0.967

TOTALS

1

0.041

engineering brick fragment x1

5

0.087

Oyster shell x4, Graphite rod pencil x1

6

0.128

notes

weight kg

Topsoil

flowerpot x1, 18th century South Somerset ware x1, 19th cenutry refined Earthenware x11, 19th century Stoneware x1, Boned china x1, Deflt type ware tin glaze x1 (1 polychromatic) 19th century Red ware x2, white refined Earthenware blue transfer print x18, Bone china saucer x1, 18th century South Somerset ware x6, Medieval South Somerset ware x1, flowerpot x2

Other

fragments

Ceramics

Notes

weight kg

sherds

Trench

Context

Durslade Farm, Dropping Lane, Bruton

The finds were all subsequently discarded, having been mostly derived from the topsoil and being largely 18th century or later in date.

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Appendix 6 List of Jpegs on CD Rom to the rear of the report Photo BDF12 (1) BDF12 (2) BDF12 (3) BDF12 (4) BDF12 (5) BDF12 (6) BDF12 (7) BDF12 (8) BDF12 (9) BDF12 (10) BDF12 (11) BDF12 (12) BDF12 (13) BDF12 (14) BDF12 (15) BMP12 (16) BMP12 (17)

Description Section 1B. Trench 1. Linear [103]. Trench 1. Section 1A. Trench 1. Trench 1 Post-Ex. Trench 2 Post-Ex. Section 2B. Trench 2. Section 2A. Trench 2. Trench 3 Post-Ex. Trench 4 Post-Ex. Trench 4 Section. Water service trench. Trench 4. Farm house. Working shot 1. Working shot 2. Dove cot. Farm yard 1 Farm yard 2.

From NE SE SW SW SW SE SE N N W NW NE NE NE NE NE SE

Scale 1m 1m 1m 1+1m 1+1m 1m 1m 1+1m 1+1m 1m 1m -

The Old Dairy Hacche Lane Business Park Pathfields Business Park South Molton Devon EX36 3LH Tel: 01769 573555 Email: [email protected]

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