THE E FFE CTIVE NE SS OF TE ACHING WRITING DE SCRIPTIVE TE XT BY USING PICTURE OF THE FIRST Y E AR STUDE NTS OF SMAN 1 K ARANGRE JO Irwan Sulistyanto (
[email protected]) Student of Islamic University of Malang, F aculty of Teacher Training and E ducation, E nglish Department, Postgraduate Program Abstract: The aim of this study is to describe there is significant between students’ writing skill in descriptive text before and after being taught by using picture of the first year students of SMAN 1 K arangrejo. The design of this study is quantitative design. The research was students of X -3 class that consists of 38 students. The instrument of this research was test that consists of pre-test and post test. The result is known that there is significant difference before and after being taught by using picture. It means teaching writing descriptive text by using picture of the first year students of SMAN 1 K arangrejo is effective. It is recommended to the teacher to use picture as a medium in teaching descriptive writing and to increase the students writing skill. K ey Word: Teaching writing, descriptive text, picture Introduction Writing is one of skills in learning E nglish. Not only in speaking, but also in writing we can communicate what we want. Writing is not easy skill to be master. According to Heaton (1975:127), “The writing composition is a task which involves the writer in manipulating words in grammatically correct sentences”. In line with this, the purpose is to make a consistent and coherent composition. Writing becomes one of language skills which must be learnt to be able to express the idea in written. But, the students are usually difficult to do it. Writing is form of communication to express the thinking or feeling trough writing are spoken. Harmer (1983: 14) states that “ The writing composition is a task which involves the students in manipulating words in gramatically correct sentence from a piece of continous writing which succesfully communicate the contents through any ideas on a certain topic”. Media of learning is also has big role to make the students’ motivation, situation and condition better. Interesting media should be chosen by good teacher in teaching learning process. There are many media that can teacher chooses to make teaching learning run successfully. One of the media is picture medium. picture medium can be people, scenery, poster, magazine. The effective medium is the medium that can give support in teaching learning process. Based on the argument before, the researcher decides to know the effectiveness teaching writing descriptive text by using picture of the first year students of SMAN 1 K arangrejo.
Teaching Writing Teaching means as a teacher’ s effort to make the students enjoy in learning E nglish by using picture and memorizing vocabulary, good material, good technique and good media. And then teaching writing is an activity of the teacher to give lesson for students of senior high school about writing in the classroom. Brown (1980:07) states that Teaching is showing or helping someone to learn how to do something, giving instructions, guiding in the study of something, providing with knowledge, causing to know or understand. Teaching is guiding and facilitating learning, enabling the learner to learn, setting the conditions for learning. Descriptive Text L imone (1978) described that descriptive text is a text which describes person, place, object, and feelings. Good writers make the reader feels as well what he is describing. Heaton (1990:107) states that, in everyday life, students may sometimes be required to describe people, objects, places, and even processes. There will also be times when they will have to write about sequences of events, incidents, etc. and give directions. Pictures provide students with ideas for such tasks, enabling them to give their full attention to using written language. Therefore, it is concluded that a descriptive text is a text that consists of either real or imaginative sequences of events, presented in the past form, which is aimed to entertain the readers. Picture A picture is a general language which is able to be understood and can be enjoyed everywhere. Picture provides for most people critical contacts with the real world. Finocchiaro (1981: 275) mentions that media can help the learning process simpler and make it perfect. The media will allow students to understand better the content of what being taught. Media can also help to shape the learning process as well as interest in the language program and thus provide motivational impulse. Raimes (1983: 27) states that the use of pictures in the classroom, “ provides a stimulating focus for students’ attentions”. In short, students will be motivated if the teachers use pictures as instructional media. Here, it is using picture about nature and traffic (original picture) from internet. B y using picture can to motivate students to be active, to create a context within his / her written text will have meaning, and to provide the students with information to refers to including object, action, events, and relation. L imone (1978) described that descriptive text is a text which describes person, place, object, and feelings. Good writers make the reader feels as well what he is describing.
Method This study used experimental quantitative design because the researcher had done experiments and has tested the students to gotten the score. Then, the score are analyzed to know how effective teaching writing descriptive text before and after being taught by using picture as medium. Its used quantitative approach because the analyzed data is homogeny that is related to the formula and number. The subject of this research is first year students of SMAN 1 K arangrejo in class X -3 which consists of 38 students. Its takes the class because it special class. In doing the experiments, it’s had six meeting. Before the students saw the picture, the researcher explains about descriptive text and also how to do writing well. E very meeting, the students got one picture, in every meeting got the different picture. After the picture had given, the students started to write a descriptive text based on picture given. They can explain by used their own words. After they had finished doing writing, they can share their writing by reading in front of the class. In collecting the data, the researcher gives test. It divides into two seasons. The first is pre- test. It is given before the researcher does the experiments. The second is post test. It is given after the students got the treatments. The steps in giving test are: the students are given the picture, the researcher asks them to write a descriptive text individually minimally 150 words, after the students had finished, and they collected their writing. The materials between pre-test and post test is different picture. The material is asking the students to written a descriptive text individually minimally 150 words. After got the result of test, scores students’ descriptive writing. The five aspects in scoring writing according to Hughes (1941:93). T here are five aspects in scoring students’ descriptive writing. They are grammar, vocabulary, mechanics, form, and generic structure. Result and Discussion After the researcher calculates the results of pre test and post test, the students scores are gotten. T he students scores of pre test are no students (0%) get pre test’s value which include in very good category which range is 80-100. Good category which range is 61-80 has 2 students from 38 students or 5% from 100% that join pre test. F air category which range is 41-60 has 36 students from 38 students or more than 95 % from 100%. It has the biggest member. T here is no students include in Bad category which range is 21-40. And there is no students include in very bad category which range is 0-20. The result of post test are 2 students (3%) get post test’s value which include in very good category which range is 81-100. Good category which range is 61-80 has 34 students from 38 students or 90% from 100% that join post test. It has the biggest member. F air category which range is 41-60 has 3 students from 38 students or 7% from 100%. There is no student include in Bad category which range is 21-40. And there is no student include in poor category which range is 020. After got the data, the researcher calculates it statistically used SPSS software. And these are the result. These results are explained below at Table 3.
Based on table 3, it shows us the descriptive statistic of the data. It contains means, medians, modus, deviation standards, range, minimum, and maximum. From table 3, it can be seen that mean of Pre-test is 49, 47 and Post-test is 72, 16. While median of those Pre-test and Post-test variable are 48, 00 and 72, 00. Modes from both of them are 44 and 72. Then SD x is 8.443 and SD y is 6, 840.Then, the table shows the minimum and maximum scores of variable pre test and post test. The minimum scores are 40-76 and maximum scores are 60-84. Table 3: T able of Result of SPSS Program for Pre-T est and Post-T est
N
Valid Missing
Mean Median Mode Std. Deviation Range Minimum Maximum Sum
PRE 38
POST 38
0 49,47
0 72,16
48,00 44
72,00 76
8,443 36 40
6,840 24 60
76 1880
84 2742
The next is finding Mean, Standard Deviation, Standard E rror Mean, Standard E rror Mean between pre test and post test. In this case, the data got from computation of using descriptive statistic that is one sample test. And the data are in the table below. Tabel 4 : T abel of One – Sample Statistic
PRE
N 38
Mean 49,47
Std. Deviation 8,443
Std. Error Mean 1,370
POST
38
72,16
6,840
1,110
The table 4 above it shows the results of Number of Students, Mean, Standard Deviation and Standard E rror Mean. The results shows that number of students’ pre test is 38, mean pre test is 49,47, standard deviation pre test is 8,443 and standard error mean is 1.370. Other results show that number of students post test is 38, mean of post test is 72,16, standard deviation of post test is 6,840 and standard error mean is 1.110. Beside the table 4 above, to find the result of t-test, the researcher also got the data from the table below.
Table 5: Table of T -test Paired Differences Mean
Pair 1 PRE -POST
-22,68
Std. Deviation
Std. Error Mean
10,748
1,744
t
df
-13,010
37
Sig. (2-tailed)
95% Confidence Interval of the Difference L ower
Upper
-26,22
-19,15
,000
The table 5 above shows that t value of pre-test and post-test is 13, 010, degree of freedom (df) is 37 and mean is 22,68, standart deviation is 10, 748, standart error mean is 1, 744, and the last is about 95% confidence interval of the difference the lower value is 26,22 and the upper value is 19,15. The frist, Shaleh (2009) has done a research under the title”T he E ffectiveness Of Teaching Writing Descriptive Text B y Using Pictures Of The First Y ear Students’ Of MA Arrahmah Purwotengah In The 2012 Academic Y ear”. The subject of research are students on MA Arrahmah Purwotengah. It is proved with result of his research. The result is effective. From his result the data shown that t-statistic = 2.48 while the critical value on df 18 with 5% significant level = 1.99. It means that t-statistical (2.48) is higher than critical value (1.99). From this computation can be concluded that teaching descriptive text using picture can improve the writing ability. So the hypothesis that picture is effective. Second, Maspiyah (2010) has done a research under the title”The E ffectiveness of Teaching writing in short functional text (SFT) by using pictures of second year students’ of SMPN 1 Semen in The 2012 academic year”. The subject of research are students on SMPN 1 Semen K ediri. It is proved with result of his research. The result is effective. From his result the data shown that tstatistic = 6.34 while the critical value on df 39 with 5% significant level = 2.03. It means that t-statistical (6.34) is higher than critical value (2.03). From this computation can be concluded that teaching descriptive text using picture can improve the writing ability. So the hypothesis that picture is effective. Conclusion and Suggestion From explanation in result and discussion part before, it can be seen that ttest is higher that t-table. The number of t-table 5% is 2.02 and 1% is 2.71. So, ttest is higher than t-table at either significance level 5% and 1%. So, the researcher concludes that teaching writing descriptive text by using picture is effective. So, the alternative hypothesis is accepted. After knowing value which is high enough, it can be concluded that this research can be useful for the teacher and the students: For the teacher, the result of this research is hoped it can be the teacher’s information that the successful of the meaning not only depend on the mastery of material but also depend on the using good media especially for writing descriptive text. This research is expected to help the teacher to reach their goal in increasing their students’ ability in writing. For the students, the result of this study is hoped it is helpful to the
students in improving their ability in learning especially writing. It is also hoped to be able to make the students be interested in writing descriptive because picture of scenery and traffic will present the gorgeous picture in descriptive events. References Brown, H. D. 1987. Principles of Canquage Learning and Teaching PrenticeHall, Inc, E nqleward Clits, New Jersy. The united States of America. Finocchiaro, M. 1981. The Second Language Classroom. New Y ork: Oxford University Press Heathon, J.B. Writing E nglish Language Test. L ongman Group L imited. Hughes. 1941. Assesment for Writing. L ondon, NWS: Primary E nglish Teaching Association Harmer, J. 1983. How to Teach E nglish. New Y ork: L ongman. Heaton, J. B. 1990. Classroom Testing. New Y ork: L ongman Maspiyah, R. 2010. The Effectiveness of Teaching Writing Analytical E xposition by Using Picture and Outlining Paragraph of The Second Year Students at SMAN 1 Keras Kediri. Inpublishing Thesis. K ediri: Fakultas K eguruan Ilmu Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Universitas Islam K adiri. Paul. Raymond and Golone, Pellegrinino W. 1973. Perception and persuasion : A New Approach to Effective Writing. USA; Harper and Row publisher Inc. Raimes, A. 1983. Teaching Writing. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Saleh, M. 2009. The Effectiveness of Teaching Descriptive Text by Using Pictures Media of the F irst Year Students of MA Purwotengah. Unpublish Thesis. Malang: State University of Malang.
