Forestry NAMA

NAMA approval authority is the designated national focal point/entity for submitting NAMAs to the UNFCCC NAMA Registry.
Sectoral Reduction Mechanism Framework, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

Ethiopia's Climate-Resilient Green Economy Vision

8 " Page





Ethiopia: Afforestation, Reforestation and Agroforestry NAMA
Ethiopia NAMA Proposal



FDRE Ministry of Environment and Forest
11/1/2014


Facilitating Implementation and Readiness for Mitigation - F I R M project




Table of Contents
SECTION 1 4
1. Basic information 4
2. Overview of NAMA 5
2.1 Brief Description of the objectives of the proposed NAMA and summary of measures to be included in the NAMA 5
2.2 Relevance to the national sustainable development plan(s) or national strategies and/or to the sectoral mitigation goals 6
2.3 Brief description of relevant existing mitigation initiatives and their synergies with the proposed NAMA 7
2.4 Brief description of the transformational impact including its sustainability 8
SECTION 2: NAMA Details 9
1. Introduction 9
1.1 Description of the general context of the country including overview of national development and climate change policies (2 pages) 9
1.2 Detailed description of the current situation in the sector/sub-sector, including the relevant existing legal, regulatory and institutional framework, where NAMA would be implemented (2-3 pages) 11
2. Description of scope and objectives of NAMA to address the current situation (1-2 pages) 14
3. Identification of barriers and implementation options 16
3.1 Analysis of barriers (financial, legal, regulatory, institutional, capacity, technology, etc.) that impede achievement of the NAMA objectives (3 pages) 16
3.2 Identification of possible options to address the barriers and selection of preferred options (=measures) to be implemented through the NAMA (3 pages) 17
4. Description of the NAMA Action Plan 19
4.1 Description of detailed activities to implement the mitigation measures included in the NAMA (2 pages) 19
Activities under Output 1: 19
Activities under Output 2: 19
Activities under Output 3: 19
Activities under Output 4: 19
4.2. Implementation arrangements: roles and responsibilities of different entities and stakeholders involved in implementation of NAMA, including institutional arrangements 20
4.3 Work plan for the detailed activities (use the table) 23
5. Estimate of National Sustainable Development Benefits and GHG impacts 24
5.1 Baseline Scenario: narrative description of baseline situation in absence of planned NAMA measures (1-2 pages) 24
5.2 NAMA Scenario: narrative description of situation with the implementation of NAMA measures (1-2 pages) 26
5.3 Description of the benefits in terms of development (social, economic, and environmental) (1 page) 27
5.4 Estimate of GHG emission reductions resulting from implementation of NAMA measures, including description of methodology to estimate GHG emissions impact (2 pages) 28
5.5 Description of the transformational impact of NAMA, including its sustainability (1 page) 30
6. Measuring, Reporting and Verification 31
6.1 Description of key parameters to assess progress of implementation of the NAMA (1 page) 31
6.2 Description of key parameters to assess the national sustainable development benefits and GHG emission impacts (1 page) 32
6.3 Measuring and Reporting Plan (2 pages) 33
6.4 Description of verification process (1 page) 34
7. Non-financial support required 35
7.1 Description of the technical and the capacity-building needs (1 page) 35
8. Financial resources 36
8.1 Full cost of implementing the NAMA (1 page) 36
8.2 Funding from domestic sources (public, private, investments, etc.) (1 page) 37
8.3 Financial support from international funding (1 page) 38
8.4 Description of arrangements to finance the implementation of the NAMA, including domestic finances and international funding (1 page) 39
Annex I. 40
Details of NAMA coordinating Entity and NAMA Approving Entity 40
Annex II. 41
References 41
Annex III 42
Detail of the estimation of the GHG emission reductions 42
Annex IV 43
Regional Profile 43
1. SNNP Region Overview 43
3. Amhara Region Overview 45
4. Tigray Region Overview 46
Annex V 47
Forestry NAMA Stakeholder Meeting 47
Annex VI 55
List of Acronyms 55



SECTION 1
Basic information
Title of NAMA :

Afforestation, Reforestation and Agro forestry NAMA



Country:

Ethiopia


NAMA Implementation coordinating entity:

Ministry of Environment and Forest

National NAMA approver:

Ministry of Environment and Forest

Name of person(s)/organisation responsible for developing the NAMA proposal:
Name of the person(s)/organisation who are responsible for the analysis and identification of measures for the NAMA proposal. If a working group is responsible, please provide the members of the working group.


Yoseph Berhane/ Echnoserve Consulting PLC


Sector/Subsector:


Forestry
Greenhouse Gas covered by the Action (marked x) :




CO2
X
CH4

N2O

HFCs

PFCs

SF6

NF3




Status of Endorsement by appropriate National Authority:













Overview of NAMA
2.1 Brief Description of the objectives of the proposed NAMA and summary of measures to be included in the NAMA

Describe the purpose of the NAMA by describing the current situation and the situation after NAMA implementation. Refer to technologies which would be implemented under the NAMA. Describe the objectives of the proposed NAMA in a clear manner.
The general objective of the proposed NAMA is to reduce and reverse the process of land degradation in Ethiopia thus delivering significant benefits to local communities. The specific objectives of the proposed NAMA are to rehabilitate and create productive forest land through afforestation, reforestation as well as using agro-forestry systems; to expand afforestation and reforestation programs through plantation forests; to improve local livelihoods through diversifying income generation activities; and to reduce GHG emissions and enhance forest and soil carbon stocks.

Briefly describe the measures that will be implemented as part of the NAMA.
The measures that will be implemented as part of the NAMA will include:
Establishing plantation forests through afforestation and reforestation
Area closure for rehabilitation: Area closure involves the protection and resting of severely degraded land to restore its productive capacity.
There are two major types of area closures practiced in Ethiopia:
the most common type involves closing of an area from livestock and people so that natural regeneration of the vegetation can take place;
the second option comprises closing off degraded land while simultaneously implementing additional measures such as planting of seedlings, mulching and establishing water harvesting structures to enhance the regeneration process
Woodland management (protection, minimum grazing, shifting grazing) including national parks
Value addition on timber and non-timber forest products
Promotion of agro-forestry systems
Establishing nurseries for the production of diverse range of tree and shrub species that can be used as a source of food, feed and energy, and to enhance soil fertility. This will include fruit seedlings and multiplication of various grass and fodder species that would be used for rehabilitation of degraded areas and also for fodder production for livestock.
Explain what sources of emissions will be addressed by the proposed NAMA and how the proposed measures in the NAMA will impact GHG emissions. Refer to the GHG NAMA boundary.
The main sources of GHG emissions that would be addressed by the proposed NAMA are CO2 from above-ground and below-ground biomass and soils within the geographical boundaries of the intervention areas.

The proposed measures in the NAMA will impact GHG emissions by applying innovative afforestation and agro forestry technologies with a focus on highly degraded lands in four regional states of Ethiopia: Amhara, Oromia, SNNP and Tigray. Increased tree and non-tree biomass growth will lead to biomass and soil carbon stock enhancement under both afforestation and agro forestry and will also contribute to reducing CO2 emissions by reducing pressure on natural forests.
2.2 Relevance to the national sustainable development plan(s) or national strategies and/or to the sectoral mitigation goals

Explain why the NAMA is relevant for national development strategies and sectoral strategies. In doing so, please provide information on the following:
Describe the national sustainable development context and objectives. Refer to relevant existing national sustainable development plan/strategies.
Ethiopia's development objectives are set out in the country's national development plan, the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP). The overarching goal of the GTP is poverty reduction and transforming Ethiopia to reach middle income country by 2025. The GTP has identified priorities for making Ethiopia a middle income country. These priorities are boosting agricultural productivity, strengthening industries and increasing energy production. These priorities built upon current and projected economic and social realities of Ethiopia.

The CRGE strategy aims to support the country's development objective of achieving middle-income status by 2025 in a carbon neutral and climate resilient way by transforming development planning, investments and outcomes. The strategy builds on the policy objectives of the NEP, the Growth and Transformation Plan and the voluntary NAMA. The strategy is supported by two national strategies: the Green Economy Strategy and the Climate Resilient Strategy.
Describe the sectoral context by referring to relevant existing sectoral plan/strategies.
Voluntary Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action (NAMA) – The NAMAs contain mitigation targets across seven sectors (agriculture, building, energy, forestry, industry, waste and transport). These actions plans are identified from the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP) and are aligned with its overarching goal of sustaining economic growth while reducing poverty. These overall goals are aligned with brining co-benefits while reducing GHG emissions.

The Green Economy Strategy –A green economy strategy with four building blocks and fast track initiatives was put in place in 2011. The GE Strategy takes an economy wide approach to greenhouse gas reduction. It clearly presents and elaborates climate change mitigation actions across seven sectors that will enable Ethiopia realize a low emission, fast and sustainable economic growth. It has set out initiatives for emissions abatement, budgetary requirements, institutional mechanisms and a GE action plan.

The REDD+Strategy: The REDD+ strategy aims to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and enhances the role of conservation and sustainable management of forests. By creating financial value for carbon stocks it aims to show the value of forests. The World Bank funds the REDD+.

Describe sectoral mitigation goals, if any.
One of the forestry sector mitigation goals in the GE strategy is to undertake activities which include: "afforestation (2 million ha), reforestation (1 million ha), and forest management (2 million ha of forests, 2 million ha of woodlands) to increase carbon sequestration in forests and woodlands." The proposed NAMA measures for reducing emissions from the forestry sector and for abatement through CO2 sequestration are consistent with the sectoral mitigation goal.
Explain how the NAMA contributes to attaining the national sustainable development objectives and sectoral mitigation goals.
The proposed NAMA will support the government to attain the main development goals contained in the GTP. The proposed NAMA will contribute to all three key objectives of CRGE vision, i.e., to foster economic development and growth; to ensure abatement and avoidance of future emissions; and to improve resilience to climate change. The proposed NAMA fits into a broader context of mitigation activities in the Forestry sector. The achievement of the implementation of the NAMA will reduce GHG emissions, enhance forest and soil carbon stocks and contribute to bringing Ethiopia onto a low-carbon development path.

2.3 Brief description of relevant existing mitigation initiatives and their synergies with the proposed NAMA

Describe briefly any national and international (with international support) mitigation initiatives under implementation in the country that are relevant for the NAMA.
The Bale Mountain REDD+ pilot project: FARM Africa and SOS Sahel are helping a pilot project in the Bale eco region to protect 500,000 hectares of forest as part of the REDD+ scheme. The project has already started and around 21,000 households are now making a living from the forest resources through activities like honey production and raffia weaving. http://www.farmafrica.org/ethiopia/forest-management-in-bale-eco-region
The Oromia sub-national REDD+ pilot project that was just initiated with the support from the World Bank and the Norwegian Government. This pilot project will seek to promote activities that lead to reduced emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, in addition to carbon stock enhancement, in the Regional State of Oromia. The project design is led by the Ministry of Agriculture and the Oromia Forest and Wildlife Enterprise.
The Ethiopia Global Climate Change Alliance (GCCA-E) project: Coordinated by GIZ SLM Program the main objective of the project is to contribute towards the construction of a carbon neutral and climate resilient economy. Piloting climate smart agricultural activities is currently implemented in 34 districts in the areas of the SLM program.
http://www.gcca.eu/national-programmes/africa/gcca-ethiopia

Sodo Community Managed reforestation project: The 476 ha project in the highlands of Mount Damota being developed by the local communities and World Vision Ethiopia to plant 1 million trees sequestering 77,000t CO2e.
For each of them, explain what are the link and synergies between the initiative and the NAMA. For each of them explain how coordination will be ensured with the NAMA.
REDD+ pilots are in preparatory stages in Ethiopia, and they exist in the Bale Mountain REDD+ pilot project (500,000 ha), in the the Yayu and Gedo forests (190,000 ha), and in the Baro Akobo area (7,610,300 ha), as well as in the south west of the country (Yetebetu Moges et al, 2010).

These pilots are generally designed to feed into both PFM programs and protected area programs that are developing PFM buffer zones. They are pioneering the development of REDD+ implementation in the country (developing carbon accounting, benefit sharing mechanisms), and will be essential sources of information for up scaling of REDD+ projects in the country.
The proposed NAMA will create a link with the REDD+ pilot projects to learn how communities can make a living from the forest resources through activities like honey production. The proposed NAMA will create a link with the Sodo Community Managed reforestation project to learn how local communities can plant a large amount of trees.
The Global Climate Change Alliance Ethiopia project is implementing the same kind of measures in 34 districts of five regions. The four regional states in which the NAMA activities will be taking place are included in the ongoing mitigation activities of GCCA-E. The proposed NAMA will create a link with the GCCA-E project to learn how to pilot climate smart participatory forest management pratcies.
Most of these initiatives are not sufficient to arrest land degradation in the four regions. The proposed NAMA will be implemented in degraded lands that are not included by NGOs or governmental agencies. The main stakeholders in each project will reach agreement and work in synergy to bring about change and define the processes necessary to implement the proposed NAMA and ensure its viability.

2.4 Brief description of the transformational impact including its sustainability

Provide a summary of the information detailed in point 5.5.
The proposed NAMA is based in the Climate Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) Strategy. The proposed NAMA is expected to be used to pilot inclusive green growth model to achieve social, economical, and environmental outcomes of the CRGE strategy, which include: reducing GHG emissions, reducing societal vulnerability to natural and anthropogenic shocks, creation of more job opportunities, increasing food security and land productivity.
The proposed NAMA will contribute in changing the behaviors of various stakeholders towards low carbon options. Through the implementation of the proposed NAMA, the Government of Ethiopia will be facilitating the creation of an economic alternative for owners of degraded land which in turn will result in a new impetus to the forestry activity in the country, thereby increasing rates of afforestation and restoration of forests due to a greater economic expectation of owners.
The implementation of the proposed NAMA will strengthen the institutional and human capacity within the Ministry of Environment and Forest to benefit from opportunities for low carbon growth and carbon sequestration. The capacity to estimate and monitor carbon emissions will be developed. Such activities will enable federal, regional and district governments to establish monitoring units and technical teams dedicated to the implementation of NAMA measures.
The proposed NAMA will help in the creation of a measurement system to measure the progress and impacts of the NAMA implementation. The Ministry of Environment and Forest is currently developing the national level MRV system for assessing implementation of actions as well as CRGE implementation. The NAMA will contribute towards providing information required for national level MRV system.

The NAMA will contribute towards providing information required for national level MRV system through three actions. One: providing baseline on GHG emission from the intervention areas; two, providing information on GHG reduction in the intervention areas; and three, through providing information on lesson learnt on baseline development, GHG inventory and MRV. The implementation of the proposed NAMA measures will enable the target regions to assess their potential for carbon emissions reduction and their cost-effectiveness for carbon sequestration.






SECTION 2: NAMA Details
Introduction
Description of the general context of the country including overview of national development and climate change policies (2 pages)

Describe the general social, economic and environmental context of the country as this is relevant for the NAMA.

Describe the human development challenges that the country faces.

Ethiopia is Africa's second largest country by population, currently numbering some 90 million and with an annual growth rate of 3.2%. More than three quarters of the population in Ethiopia live in rural areas, and agriculture contributes more than 40% of GDP, most of the country's food crop production, and 90% of export earnings (World Bank, 2011). Ethiopia aspires to reach a middle-income status by 2025. Ethiopia's real GDP projected to grow by > 8% p.a. for 2010-2015 (Leulseged Yirgu et al., 2013).

Ethiopia has registered an impressive double digit annual economic growth rate during the last decade. The Growth and Transformation Plan puts forward that this growth rate will be maintained to elevate the country to middle income status by the year 2025.The International Monetary Fund (IMF) expects Ethiopia to become one of the world's fastest growing countries over the coming years.

Ethiopia is currently experiencing high levels of deforestation and land degradation. The main direct drivers of deforestation are small-scale agricultural expansion and fuel wood consumption (FDRE, 2011). The main anthropogenic causes of land degradation are diverse, including rapid depletion of vegetation cover, poor livestock management and poor land use and management practices (World Bank, 2013).

Pressures on forestlands from agriculture expansion and wood fuel consumption are likely to increase in the future if population growth in Ethiopia continues the current trend of 2% increase per annum, which would mean that the population would expand from 84 million to 130 million in 2030 (CRGE, 2011; World Bank, 2012). According to a World Bank study (2010), climate change will likely increase the frequency of both flooding and droughts in Ethiopia, posing a significant challenge to agriculture, infrastructure, and hydropower generation.

Describe the national development strategies and list the national priorities and objectives relevant for the NAMA.

The Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP): Ethiopia's development strategies are set out in the country's national development plan, the GTP. The overarching goal of the GTP is poverty reduction and transforming Ethiopia to reach middle income country by 2025. The GTP has identified priorities for making Ethiopia a middle income country. These priorities are boosting agricultural productivity, strengthening industries and increasing energy production. These priorities built upon current and projected economic and social realities of Ethiopia.

Climate Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) Vision: The CRGE Vision outlines Ethiopia's ambition to build a climate resilient green economy by 2025. It aims to support the country's development objective of achieving middle-income status by 2025 in a carbon neutral and climate resilient way by transforming development planning, investments and outcomes. The CRGE Vision is supported by two national strategies – the Green Economy Strategy and the Climate Resilient Strategy.
Describe the national context related to climate change, and in particular the mitigation aspects:

Describe briefly total national GHG emissions and key sources of emissions. Also describe available information on projections of national GHG emissions and key areas where growth is expected.

Ethiopia's present day total GHG emission is estimated to be 150 Mega tons (Mt) of CO2e. Of current total national GHG emissions, 50% is from agriculture and 37% from the forestry sector. While emissions from power generation, transport, buildings and industry sectors combined are accounted at 12%, each of them equally contributing (3%).

The results of Ethiopia's BAU demonstrate level of domestic GHG emission is projected to increase from 150 Mega ton (Mt) in 2010 (base year) to 400 Mt of CO2e in 2030 if a conventional (non green) development pathway is followed. In absolute terms, the highest increase – adding around 110 Mega ton (Mt) of CO2e – will come from agriculture, followed by industry at 65 Mt CO 2e and forestry at 35 Mt CO2e. In relative terms, Ethiopia's development path will manifest in an annual emission increase of more than 15% from the industrial sector and about 11% from transport sector.

Describe briefly the existing national climate change (mitigation) policies/strategies/plans and specify the national emissions reductions objectives.

The voluntary NAMAs – Ethiopia has submitted voluntary Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions to UNFCCC in January 2010. These actions plans are identified from the Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP) and are aligned with its overarching goal of sustaining economic growth while reducing poverty. These overall goals are aligned with brining co-benefits while reducing GHG emissions.

The Green Economy Strategy –A green economy strategy with four building blocks and fast track initiatives was put in place in 2011. The GE Strategy takes an economy wide approach to greenhouse gas reduction. It clearly presents and elaborates climate change mitigation actions across seven sectors that will enable Ethiopia realize a low emission, fast and sustainable economic growth. It has set out initiatives for emissions abatement, budgetary requirements, institutional mechanisms and a GE action plan.

The REDD+Strategy: The REDD+ strategy aims to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and enhances the role of conservation and sustainable management of forests. By creating financial value for carbon stocks it aims to show the value of forests. The World Bank funds the REDD+.

The national emissions reductions objective is to limit 2030 GHG emissions to approximately current levels of 150 Mega ton (Mt) CO2 e.

Describe briefly the national institutional context existing in the country to manage the climate change issue, in particular for GHG mitigation.

The Government of Ethiopia has put in place the necessary institutional arrangements to manage the climate change issue. Since formulation of the CRGE strategy, CRGE funding mechanisms (the CRGE facility) have been established, the Sectoral Reduction Mechanism has been set up and CRGE units have been instituted in relevant sector organizations.

The CRGE strategy is coordinated and overseen by the CRGE Ministerial Steering Committee, the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MEF) and the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development (MoFED). The MEF is in charge of coordinating other ministries in the CRGE framework. Federal line ministries have been identified as national implementing entities that will be responsible for implementing programs and investment plans in partnership with non-state actors where required.

Detailed description of the current situation in the sector/sub-sector, including the relevant existing legal, regulatory and institutional framework, where NAMA would be implemented (2-3 pages)

Briefly describe the contribution and importance of the sector (where the NAMA would be implemented) in the country to national economic growth, and also its contributions to social (human development) and the environment. This should be a brief explanation to highlight how this sector is related to the national human development challenges, as well as the national priorities and objectives mentioned in 3.1.
Ethiopia's forest resources supply most of the wood products used within the country, as well as a large volume of diverse non timber forest products (NTFPs), besides their ecological functions. On the other hand, the forest and woody vegetations of Ethiopia play an important food security and environmental role in land management, biodiversity conservation, sequestering carbon etc.

The country has not been able to harness the expected economic, social, and environmental benefits from the forest sector; consequently, deforestation and forest degradation continued unabated at an annual rate of about 2% (FAO, 2010). Deforestation and forest degradation deteriorate forest resources and increasingly undermine forest benefits the country could get (NEP, 2007).

Forest resources have experienced so much pressure due to increasing need for wood products and conversion to agriculture. The current development path will result in the clearance of 9 million hectare of land for agriculture between 2010 and 2030 (CRGE, 2011).

There is increasing demand for wood and wood products. At 2% deforestation, about 700,000 ha of 'forests' will be destroyed every year. If this scenario is maintained, another important consequence is wood crisis. Further, the country will be forced to import more wood, with a significant implication on foreign currency reserve (Yetebetu et al, 2010).

Briefly explain the strategy and plans for development of the sector in which the NAMA would be implemented, as well as key objectives for the sector. Refer to the national strategy/development plans, as well as any sector-specific strategy or development plans.
Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMA): The NAMAs contain mitigation targets across seven sectors (agriculture, building, energy, forestry, industry, waste and transport). Some of the actions submitted in the forest sector include:

Enhanced district-level reforestation actions to increase the vegetation cover of 21 million ha of degraded lands, lands affected by gullies and slopes, including through the management of community areas closed off to grazing;
A total of 2.8 million ha of natural high forest area sustainably managed in order to reduce GHG emissions from deforestation and forest degradation;
A total of 434,000 ha of deciduous forest land sustainably managed in order to reduce GHG emissions from deforestation and forest degradation;
A total of 6 million ha of national parks sustainably managed in order to reduce GHG emissions from deforestation and forest degradation;
A total of 19 million ha of existing forests that are providing non-timber forest products to be maintained as a buffer area in order to mitigate desertification;
A total of 5 million ha of forest in exhaustion or production forests established and sustainably managed for the purpose of sequestrating carbon.
Green Economy Strategy: The strategy identified forestry as one of its four pillars. The forestry sector has been identified in the strategy as major source GHG emissions and at the same time having high GHG emissions reduction potentials, highly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change, and key driver of economic growth.

The Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) Strategy: The REDD+ strategy aims to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and enhances the role of conservation and sustainable management of forests. By creating financial value for carbon stocks it aims to show the value of forests. The World Bank funds the REDD+.

Briefly describe the GHG emissions for the sector in which the NAMA would be implemented and key sources of GHG emissions. Further, provide an assessment of project growth in GHG emissions, and if possible the implications of achieving the growth strategy for the sector. Briefly present the national/sectoral strategy or approaches to addressing GHG emissions from the sector.
In Ethiopia, the key sources of GHG emissions from the Forestry sector are deforestation and forest degradation attributed to various socio economic drivers such as use of biomass energy (charcoal, firewood, dung, residues, etc.) and conversion of forests to agriculture.

Of current total national GHG emissions, 37% is from the forestry sector. Under Ethiopia's BAU scenario, emissions from forestry sector will increase from 53 Mt CO2e in 2010 to 88 Mt CO2e in 2030 (CRGE, 2010). The level of emission is projected to increase by 35 Mt CO2e.
The Green Economy Strategy aims at the forestry sector for a huge abatement of GHGs (130 Mt CO2e in 2030). Activities to be undertaken include: "afforestation (2 million ha), reforestation (1 million ha), and forest management (2 million ha of forests, 2 million ha of woodlands) to increase carbon sequestration in forests and woodlands." The proposed NAMA fits into a broader context of mitigation activities in the Forestry sector.

Describe briefly the current legal/policy framework, the existing institutional framework and the existing regulatory framework.
Current legal/policy framework

Environmental Policy: The overarching policy and legal context for public policy responses to climate change is provided by the National Environmental Policy (NEP). The NEP outlines policy objectives that pertain to climate change, including a focus on climate monitoring; control of greenhouse gasses; and use of renewable energy. The NEP provides the statutory mandate to the Ministry of Environment and Forest to coordinate the national response to climate change.

Forestry Policy: the major objective of the policy is to meet public demand in forest and forest products and to enhance the socio-economic and environmental contribution of forests. In the forestry policy, besides the definition of forest ownerships (primate and state) and purpose (protection and production), decentralized forest administration is recognized.

Climate Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) Vision: The CRGE Vision outlines Ethiopia's ambition to build a climate resilient green economy by 2025. It has three corresponding objectives: fostering economic development and growth, ensuring mitigation of greenhouse gases, and supporting adaptation to climate change. It builds on the policy objectives of the National Environmental Policy, the Growth and Transformation Plan, the NAMA and the EPACC (FDRE, 2011).

Existing regulatory framework

Ministry of Environment and Forest – The NEP provides the statutory mandate to the Ministry of Environment and Forest to coordinate the national response to climate change. The MEF has the mandate to prepare climate change related policies and programs.
The CRGE Facility – The CRGE Facility provides a single engagement point where the government, development partners, private sector, civil society and other stakeholders can engage and make decisions about climate change issues, thus enhancing coordination and aid effectiveness and reducing fragmentation.

The Sectoral Reduction Mechanism – the SRM is a mechanism for reducing vulnerability to climate change and emissions in Ethiopia. The mechanism will support actors (implementing and executing entities) in preparing and mainstreaming plans that will reduce vulnerability and emissions. SRM will also coordinate the implementation of these plans by identifying and drawing down on financial, technological and technical investment (FDRE, 2013).

Existing institutional framework

The GoE has put in place the necessary institutional arrangements to implement the CRGE Vision.
The CRGE Ministerial Steering Committee (an initiative under the Prime Minister's Office) is composed of the State Ministers and senior officials from the participating institutions and is chaired by the Economic Advisor to the Prime Minister. The Steering Committee is the highest body responsible for the overall direction of the CRGE Vision and Facility .

The CRGE Technical Committee chaired and administered by the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MEF), is composed of middle level managers from the participant government institution and also members from other relevant government and Academic Institutions. The TC is responsible to give technical guidance and support to the sub- technical committee and reports to the Ministerial Steering Committee.

The Sub-Technical Committee is composed of experts from sector ministers. The committee has been established to work on the ground in designing the CRGE, to provide support and technical expertise in the formulation and implementation of the CRGE plans at national and regional level. Federal (line ministries) has been identified as national implementing entities that will be responsible for implementing programs and investment plans.



Description of scope and objectives of NAMA to address the current situation (1-2 pages)
Starting from the current situation describe in 1.2, describe in detail the general and specific objectives of the NAMA, including the main source of GHG emissions that would be reduced.
The general objective of the proposed NAMA is to reduce and reverse the process of land degradation in highland areas of Ethiopia thus delivering significant benefits to local communities.
The specific objectives of the proposed NAMA are:

To rehabilitate and create productive forest land through afforestation, reforestation as well as using agro-forestry systems;
To expand afforestation and reforestation programs through plantation forests;
To improve local livelihoods through diversifying income generation activities;
To reduce GHG emissions and enhance forest and soil carbon stocks.

The main sources of GHG emissions that would be reduced are CO2 from above-ground and below-ground biomass and soils within the geographical boundaries of the NAMA intervention areas.

Describe the scope of the NAMA by describing where in the country the NAMA will be implemented (national, sectoral, local level) and how large will be the impacts (national, sectoral, local level).
The proposed NAMA is expected to be implemented in the degraded areas of four regional states of Ethiopia: Oromia, Amhara, Tigray and the SNNP Regional State. These four regions cover 57% of Ethiopia and 86% of the total population. The proposed NAMA will be implemented in two phases.

Phase 1 will focus on implementing the NAMA measures in one district in each of the four regions. It is expected to take up to five years with a consolidation period of 15 years. Demonstration through a pilot phase provides the opportunity to have learning experiences under controlled circumstances, while going through a learning process. Following the Phase 1 NAMA will be Phase 2 NAMA implementation which will include replicating the activities in 86 woredas of the four regional states. Phase 2 NAMA is expected to take five to ten years to be implemented.

The table below shows the targeted project sites of Phase 1NAMA.

Table 1: Phase 1 NAMA intervention areas
 No.
Region
Zone
Woreda
Degraded Land (ha)
Population
Population Density (persons/km2)
1
Amhara
South Gonder
Semada
9,356
247,655
2.65
2
Tigray
South-eastern
Saharti Samre
5,640
124,340
0.74
3
Oromiya
East Shoa
Bora
6,070
210,179
1.62
4
SNNP
Sidama
Boricha
7,060
131,431
2.80
TOTAL
28,126
373,440

Source: Tigray BoA (2013), Bora Office of Agriculture (2013), Amhara BoA (2013),BorichaOoA (2013)

The Phase 1 NAMA is expected to convert 18,821 ha of degraded land into productive forest land that otherwise would have remained degraded. 9,305 ha of degraded land will furthermore be developed into agro forestry plantation.

Table 2: Phase 1 NAMA targeted activities by pilot woreda

Woreda
Intervention


Agro-forestry (ha)
A/R (ha)
Total area (ha)
Semada
3,118
6,238
9,356
Saharti Samre
1,880
3,760
5,640
Bora
2,023
4,047
6,070
Boricha
2,284
4,776
7,060
Total
9,305
18,821
28,126

The NAMA pilot districts are selected by the respective regions in close consultation with districts following the set selection criteria by the MEF. The criteria used to identify the regional states and project districts are extent of land degradation and population density. The land degradation classifications based on loss of soil fertility and vegetation cover loss were used as a boundary for the NAMA. Degree of degradation is also divided into highly, moderately, degraded or productive. The area is then categorized based on relative extent of degradation.

Describe how the NAMA supports the existing legal/policy framework, the existing institutional framework and the existing regulatory framework.
The major objective of the Forest policy is to meet public demand in forest and forest products and to enhance the socio-economic and environmental contribution of forests. The NAMA will support to achieve this objective by supporting the country to harness the expected economic, social, and environmental benefits from the forest sector.

The proposed NAMA will assist in the fulfillment of the objectives of the Climate Resilient Green Economy Strategy. One of the objectives is to increase sequestration by afforestation/reforestation and forest management. The NAMA will support to achieve this objective through rehabilitation of degraded vegetation cover and new A/R activities to tap the abatement potential of the sector.

Describe how the NAMA objectives contribute to the sustainable development objectives and sectoral mitigation goals.
The proposed NAMA is expected to be used to pilot inclusive green growth model to achieve social, economical, and environmental outcomes of the Climate Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) strategy which include: reducing GHG emissions, reducing societal vulnerability to natural and anthropogenic shocks, creation of more job opportunities, increasing food security and land productivity.

One of the NAMA objectives is to facilitate the creation of employment opportunities for the local communities and to develop the institutional and human capacities of the forest sector to reduce future GHG emissions. The income from selling wood and non wood products will contribute to improved living standard of the local population. There will be creation of economic gain to local companies dealing in goods and services pertaining to the NAMA measures, and revenue boosting for local governments through various taxes, levies and loyalties.

The NAMA objectives will help in changing the prevailing structures of the sector that contribute to high emission levels. During 20 years period, the proposed NAMA is estimated to sequester 11, 055, 822 tCO2e.The Green Economy Strategy aims at the forestry sector for a huge abatement of GHGs (130 Mt CO2e in 2030). Most recent baseline was calculated during the development of the CRGE Vision in 2010. GHG emission was estimated at 53 Mt CO2e. Emissions from forestry sector will increase to 88 Mt CO2e in 2030. The level of emission is projected to increase by 35 Mt CO2e.
Identification of barriers and implementation options
3.1 Analysis of barriers (financial, legal, regulatory, institutional, capacity, technology, etc.) that impede achievement of the NAMA objectives (3 pages)
Starting from the key source of emissions addressed by the NAMA and from the existing legal/institutional/regulatory framework, explain the barriers that impede the achievement of the NAMA objectives.
Three approaches were employed in conducting the barrier analysis: Literature study, stakeholder consultation workshop and validation workshop. This was supplemented by site visits, expert and stakeholders interviews.
The major approach used for identifying the barriers is bottom-up. This barrier analysis has involved various stakeholders, particularly experts from line ministries as well as regional offices. During the preparation of the NAMA, meetings were held in presence of key government, private and civil society members in March 2013 and in June 2013. Regional Bureau of Agriculture offices were consulted in identifying the barriers for the proposed NAMA.

Regional workshops had been held in Tigray and Oromia to solicit feedback. Workshop participants identified gross list of barriers related to their respective regions. The next step was classifying the identified barriers as critical barriers and non-critical barriers. Workshop participants identified the categories of barriers mentioned below:

Economic and Financial barriers
- Lack of finance to implement the NAMA
Market failures
- Limited access to markets for wood and non-wood forest products
Policy and legal barriers
- Private sector reluctant to invest in the NAMA
Institutional and organizational capacity barriers
- Low institutional capacity
Human Capacity barriers
- Low technical capacity
Social and cultural barriers
- Limited awareness of options
- Lack of zero grazing by laws
- Poor land use practice

The summary of the barrier analysis is provided in annex IV.
3.2 Identification of possible options to address the barriers and selection of preferred options (=measures) to be implemented through the NAMA (3 pages)
Starting from the barriers identified in 3.1, identify and describe in details the proposed solutions (=measures) to remove the barriers that will be addressed through the NAMA. For each solution (=measures), describe what the expected outputs of implementing the measure.
Economic and financial barriers
Lack of finance to implement the NAMA
Lack of finance to implement the NAMA will be solved by providing insurance against risk, so that both national and international investors will have incentives to support the NAMA. In order to attract national and international investor interest in investing in a NAMA, they need to be shown investment opportunities with promising long-term returns, branding possibilities, likely social benefits and recognition. Provision of promotional financing, including grants and subsidized loans. Attract donors for up-front finance to start NAMA process. Publicize national commitments in addition to international cooperation and support for NAMA identification, formulation and development process. The expected output of implementing the measure is the availability of finance to implement the NAMA.
Market failures
Lack of market access for wood and non-wood forest products established in the NAMA areas
Lack of market access will be solved by making investment in capacity building to develop the necessary markets for the wood and non-wood forest products. It is good to provide timely market information to farmers, input suppliers and output buyers; convey information about inputs and product markets (price, location) to farmers; convey information about local input demand to suppliers and buyers; and support construction of community-based marketplaces. It is crucial for smallholder farmers to integrate with local market to have full benefit of their work. Doing so requires market development for forest and non-forest products. Establishing market access will increase the selling and purchasing power the local community by breaking the chain of the brokers. The expected outputs of implementing the measure is improved market access for new products produced via NAMA measures.
Policy and regulatory frameworks
Private sector reluctant to invest in the NAMA
Private sector reluctance to invest in the NAMA will be solved by convincing the private sector of the existence of a reliable, specific and transparent policy framework; a clearly structured financial incentives; long-term government commitment; and on potential returns from NAMA interventions. Ethiopia is planning to engage private sector. So far engagement has been mainly limited to business associations or a small number of interested companies. In order to attract private-sector interest in investing in a NAMA, they need to be shown investment opportunities with promising long-term returns, likely social benefits and recognition. The expected output of implementing the measure is identification of the key relevant private-sector actors and the incentives and benefits, inherent to the proposed NAMA.

Institutional and organizational capacities
Low institutional capacity


Low institutional capacity will be raised through the establishment of NAMA related institutions, together with enhancing individual capacities in these institutions. Institutions necessary to allow for participation of various stakeholders in the NAMA measures do not exist in the country. There is lack of institutional arrangements, for instance there is no MRV system in place. It is important to build the capacity of the NAMA related institutions, monitoring and auditing authorities. The expected output of implementing the measure is the presence of capable institutions to implement the NAMA actions on the ground.

Human capacities
Low technical capacity
Low technical capacity at federal, regional and district level will be raised through trainings. Despite progress in policies related to forests, the lack of active extension personnel to implement the NAMA as well as provide extension services necessary for the successful involvement of local populations in the ground will remain a challenge. The personnel at federal, regional and district level, including extension workers and community groups will be provided with additional training to implement the NAMA actions. The expected outputs of implementing the measure is the presence of capable personnel to plan, implement, measure, report and verify the GHG emissions reduction and co-benefits from the NAMA.

Social and cultural issues
Limited awareness of options

Limited awareness of options will be solved by providing awareness training and capacities building so that farmers can see value in their forests and trees as resource that has potential to enhance and positively transform their livelihoods. On highly eroded areas and in areas with low rainfall the survival rate of trees and plantations is low and as a result the benefits only come after a very long period. This situation may become unacceptable to the land users. The expected outputs of implementing the measure is formation of green enterprises and the facilitation of IGAs such as fruit, apiary, other NTFPs for green enterprises.
Lack of zero grazing practices
Lack of zero grazing practices will be solved by working with the community and local authorities to create a local zero grazing by-law to foster successful delivery of the NAMA actions. Where by-laws are not well defined, farmers cannot expect to enjoy the benefits from long term investment as tree planting. This applies for communal lands in particular. A sturdy enforcement of by-laws is very important to prevent abuses like animal encroachment and human interference. The expected outputs of implementing the measure is local zero grazing by-laws developed and enforced in the NAMA intervention areas.
Poor land use practice
Poor land use practices will be solved by raising public awareness on land degradation through the use of public awareness and education programs. Land degradation in Ethiopia, particularly in the highlands, is caused from poor land use practices. These practices include inappropriate farming practices, overgrazing, deforestation and the use of crop residues and dung for fuel in rural households. The expected outputs of implementing the measure is adoption of sustainable harvesting and grazing practices in NAMA intervention areas.
Description of the NAMA Action Plan
4.1 Description of detailed activities to implement the mitigation measures included in the NAMA (2 pages)

The first activity includes undertaking a detailed baseline study to estimate the existing carbon as well as survey on socio-economic situation. The second activity is capacity building; it will focus on providing trainings to technical staff to increase their abilities to perform the core function of the NAMA. Creation of new productive lands and planting of agro forestry trees is the third activity. The fourth activity is creating awareness on MRV-related activities, selecting appropriate methodologies and providing training in the use of methodologies and tools.

Output 1: detailed baseline study and indicators
Activities under Output 1:
Collect data to set up a GHG baseline
Carry out baseline survey on socio-economic situation

Output 2: Increase in forested areas through A/R and agro-forestry systems
Activities under Output 2:
Delineation of land area for A/R and agro-forestry measures
Selection of species suitable for site and biomass needs
Seed collection or procurement
Land preparation
Planting of trees, shrubs, etc
Protection and maintenance of the NAMA measures

Output 3: increased human and technical capacity
Activities under Output 3:
Development of training and information materials
Development of workshops for technical personnel
Development of training events for technical staff

Output 4: MRV system designed
Activities under Output 4:
Select appropriate methodologies and monitoring protocols
Training in the use of methodologies, protocols and tools
Establish and organize a reporting process
Identify and/or select verification bodies.

Describe how the outputs will contribute to the NAMA objectives beyond the limits of the mitigation measures, and how these objectives will promote the desired impacts.
The outputs will contribute to the NAMA objectives beyond the limits of the mitigation measures by facilitating the creation of employment opportunities for the local communities and by strengthening the institutional and human capacities of the forest sector. The income from wages will contribute to improved living standard of the local population. There will be creation of economic gain to local companies dealing in goods and services pertaining to the NAMA measures, and revenue boosting for local governments through various taxes, levies and loyalties.
4.2. Implementation arrangements: roles and responsibilities of different entities and stakeholders involved in implementation of NAMA, including institutional arrangements

Describe the actors in the implementation of NAMA. Describe their role and their responsibilities.
The actors in the implementation of NAMA include:

Ministry of Environment and Forest (MEF)
CRGE Unit under MEF
National Steering Committee
National Technical Committee
Bureaus of Environment and Forest
Regional Steering Committee
Regional Technical Committee
Woreda Offices of Environment and Forest
Kebele Watershed Development Committees
Target local communities

The Federal Ministry of Environment and Forest (MEF) will be responsible for the overall NAMA coordination and implementation. MEF's main task will be to monitory and evaluate the NAMA impacts, and to draw lessons to be picked up for future implementation of similar initiatives.

The CRGE Unit under MEF will be responsible for the day-to-day management of the NAMA implementation, including: (a) preparation of annual work plans and progress reports; (b) monitoring and supervising overall implementation progress and evaluation of program impacts; (c) financial administration; and (d) procuring goods and services.

The National Steering Committee will be responsible for the following tasks in the NAMA: (a) providing overall supervision for program implementation; (b) approving the annual work program and budget; (c) approving the annual procurement plan; and (d) reviewing the annual implementation performance report.

The National Technical Committee will be responsible for providing technical advice to MEF on the quality of implementation reports and special studies such as policy documents, guidelines, documentation of best practices, and M&E reports.

The Regional Steering Committee will be responsible for overall supervision for program implementation; NAMA performance report review; and leadership to mobilize additional funds for NAMA expansion.

The Regional Steering Committee will be responsible to advice to Bureaus of Environment and Forest on technical quality of implementation of NAMA activities across the region; advice to the BEF on issues related to coordination and synergies at the region level; and address emerging technical issues relating to NAMA at the region level.

Bureaus of Environment and Forest in the targeted regions would lead the implementation of the NAMA at the Regional level. The BEF would consolidate annual work plans and implementation progress reports submitted by the districts. The reports would then be submitted to the CRGE Unit.

The Woreda (district) Environment and Forest Offices (Amhara, Oromia, SNNP, Tigray) will be the implementer of NAMA measures in the intervention areas. The WEF would offer technical support and facilitation in planning and implementation process of the proposed NAMA. It will also collect and establish baseline information on the past and present situation of the specific localities.

The Woreda Environment and Forest Offices and the Kebele Watershed Development Committees would assist local communities in developing annual work plans and budgets for submission to the regions for endorsement and integration into the Regions' work plans and budgets; facilitating community participation in training; monitoring and evaluation; dissemination of innovations, etc.

Local communities – The targeted local communities will have a major stake in most of the work and will be sharing the benefit as per the modalities to be worked out.

Describe the arrangements to coordinate the functioning of key actors in implementing NAMA. Describe the process of coordination to ensure continuous oversight and management of the implementation.
The Ministry of Environment and Forest as the NAMA Coordinating Entity will use the existing institutional mechanisms already established to coordinate all programs on sustainable forest management. This mechanism comprises the National NAMA Steering Committee, National Technical Committee, and the CRGE Support Unit.

The Steering Committee, chaired by the State Minister for Forest in MEF, has high level representation from Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development, Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy, and Regional Administrations.

The National Technical Committee is made up of senior technical staff from the following institutions: the Ministry of Environment and Forest, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development. Some NGOs, academic/research institutions and development partners with programs in NAMA are also represented on this body.

The Regional State Environment and Forest Bureaus (Amhara, Oromia, SNNP, Tigray) will coordinate regional implementation and are responsible for providing technical support as well as monitoring and evaluation of the proposed NAMA actions.

The Woreda (district) Environment and Forest Offices (Amhara, Oromia, SNNP, Tigray) will be the implementer of NAMA measures in the intervention woredas.




Provide a diagrammatic representation of the institutional arrangements put in place for NAMA coordination and implementation.
National Steering Committee (NSC)
MoEF, MoA, MoFED, MoWE, EIAR, Regional Admins Policy guidelines; Overall supervision for program implementation Annual work plan, procurement plan & budget approval; NAMA annual implementation performance report review ; oversee corrective implementation Policies for NAMA projects coordination and harmonization; Leadership to mobilize additional funds for NANA expansion National Technical Committee (NTC) MoEF, MoA, MoFED, MWIE, EDRI, partners Advice to MEF on technical quality of implementation of the NAMA across the country Advice to MEF on issues related to coordination and synergies Address emerging technical issues relating to NAMAAnnual work plan development Submission of annual work plans to BoEF for approval Facilitate community participation in watershed planning and rehabilitation Training for communities Program Monitoring and Evaluation on the ground Dissemination of innovations Institutional Arrangements for the proposed NAMA implementationMinistry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) Responsible for program implementation and coordination at the Federal levelCRGE Unit Annual work plan and progress reports Monitoring / supervision of overall implementation progress; program impacts evaluation Financial administration Procurement Administrative support to NTC/NSCFour Bureaus of Environment and Forest (BoEF)Consolidate and submit to CRGE Unit annual work plans and implementation progress reports submitted by the WoredasRegional Steering Committees (RSC) Existing or ad hoc committee. Membership and mandates similar to NSC Lead program implementation at the regional levelRegional Technical Committees (RTC) Existing or ad hoc committee. Membership and mandates similar to NSC Overall supervision for program implementation Annual regional work plan, procurement plan & budget approval; NAMA annual implementation performance report review ; oversee corrective actions implementation Policies for NAMA project coordination and harmonization; Leadership to mobilize additional funds for NAMA expansion xx Woreda Offices of Environment and Forest (WoEF) xxx Kebele Watershed Development Committees and communities Advice to BoEF on technical quality of implementation of NAMA activities across the region Advice to BoEF on issues related to coordination and synergies at the region level Address emerging technical issues relating to NAMA at the region levelCollaboration for on-the-ground NAMA implementation
National Steering Committee (NSC)
MoEF, MoA, MoFED, MoWE, EIAR, Regional Admins

Policy guidelines;
Overall supervision for program implementation
Annual work plan, procurement plan & budget approval;
NAMA annual implementation performance report review ; oversee corrective implementation
Policies for NAMA projects coordination and harmonization;
Leadership to mobilize additional funds for NANA expansion
National Technical Committee (NTC)
MoEF, MoA, MoFED, MWIE, EDRI, partners
Advice to MEF on technical quality of implementation of the NAMA across the country
Advice to MEF on issues related to coordination and synergies
Address emerging technical issues relating to NAMA
Annual work plan development
Submission of annual work plans to BoEF for approval
Facilitate community participation in watershed planning and rehabilitation
Training for communities
Program Monitoring and Evaluation on the ground
Dissemination of innovations
Institutional Arrangements for the proposed NAMA implementation
Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF)











Responsible for program implementation and coordination at the Federal level
CRGE Unit
Annual work plan and progress reports
Monitoring / supervision of overall implementation progress; program impacts evaluation
Financial administration
Procurement
Administrative support to NTC/NSC
Four Bureaus of Environment and Forest (BoEF)
Consolidate and submit to CRGE Unit annual work plans and implementation progress reports submitted by the Woredas
Regional Steering Committees (RSC)
Existing or ad hoc committee. Membership and mandates similar to NSC

Lead program implementation at the regional level
Regional Technical Committees (RTC)
Existing or ad hoc committee. Membership and mandates similar to NSC

Overall supervision for program implementation
Annual regional work plan, procurement plan & budget approval;
NAMA annual implementation performance report review ; oversee corrective actions implementation
Policies for NAMA project coordination and harmonization;
Leadership to mobilize additional funds for NAMA expansion
xx Woreda Offices of Environment and Forest (WoEF)
xxx Kebele Watershed Development Committees and communities
Advice to BoEF on technical quality of implementation of NAMA activities across the region
Advice to BoEF on issues related to coordination and synergies at the region level
Address emerging technical issues relating to NAMA at the region level

Collaboration for on-the-ground NAMA implementation

4.3 Work plan for the detailed activities (use the table)

Output of the measure
Activities
Coordinator
Key stakeholders
Year
1
Year
2
Year
3
Year
4
Year
5
Output 1:
Detailed baseline study
Activities 1.1: Collect data to set up a GHG baseline
WEF

BEF, BoA,

X





Activities 1.2: Conduct socio-economic baseline survey
WEF
BEF, BoA,
X




Output 2:
Increase in forested areas
Activities 2.1: Delineation of land area for agro-forestry and A/R
WEF
BEF, BoA,
X





Activities 2.2: Selection of species suitable for site and biomass needs
WEF
BEF, BoA,
X





Activities 2.3: Seed selection, seed collection or procurement
WEF
BEF, BoA,
X





Activities 2.4: Land preparation
WEF
BEF, BoA,
X





Activities 2.5: Planting of the forest or plantation; planting of trees, etc
WEF
BEF/BoA
X
X
X
X
X

Activities 2.6: Protection and maintenance of the A/R activities and agro-forestry system
WEF
BEF/BoA
X
X
X
X
X

Output 3:
MRV system designed
Activities 3.1: Select appropriate methodologies and monitoring protocols
WEF
BoA, BEF

X





Activities 3.2: Training in the use of protocols and tools
WEF
BoA, BEF

X




Activities 3.3: Establish and organize a reporting process
WEF
BoA, BEF


X




Activities 3.4: Identify and/or select verification bodies
WEF
BoA, BEF

X




Activities 3.5: Pilot the MRV system
WEF
BoA, BEF

X
X
X
X
Output 4: Increased human and technical capacity

Activities 4.1: Form green enterprises and facilitate income generating activities such as fruit, apiary, other NTFPs
WEF

BEF, BoA,
X
X

X
X

Activities 4.2: Conduct different trainings to experts, development agents and farmers
WEF
BEF, BoA,
X
X
X
X
X

Activities 4.3: Raise public awareness on land degradation interventions through the use of both visual and written media
WEF
BEF, BoA,

X
X
X
X
X

Estimate of National Sustainable Development Benefits and GHG impacts
5.1 Baseline Scenario: narrative description of baseline situation in absence of planned NAMA measures (1-2 pages)
Describe the scenario that would occur in the absence of the NAMA. The baseline section should cover the following information:
Description of existing situation in the sector/sub-sector in which the NAMA is being implemented.
Ethiopia is currently experiencing high levels of deforestation and land degradation. The main direct drivers of deforestation are small-scale agricultural expansion and fuel wood consumption (FDRE, 2011). The main anthropogenic causes of land degradation are diverse, including rapid depletion of vegetation cover, poor livestock management and poor land use and management practices (World Bank, 2013).

Forest resources in Ethiopia have experienced so much pressure due to increasing need for wood products and conversion to agriculture. Deforestation for agricultural land as a result of increasing population growth has resulted in the deterioration of forest resources, land degradation, and recurrence of drought. There is high demand for forest products for construction and fuel wood. These in turn has brought an impact on farmers, reducing agricultural productivity and increasing food insecurity (Luelseged Yirgu, 2013).

The national energy balance is dominated by fuel wood, which is the main source of energy to both urban and rural areas, accounting for over 90% of the primary total energy supply. There is increasing demand for wood and wood. At 2% deforestation, about 700,000 ha of 'forests' will be destroyed every year, releasing nearly 110 million CO2 to the atmosphere. If this scenario is maintained, another important consequence is wood crisis. Further, the country will be forced to import more wood, with a significant implication on foreign currency reserve (Yetebetu et al, 2010).

Under the baseline scenario, the deforestation and degradation of existing forest resources will cost the country economically, ecologically and socially. Additionally, the effort the Ethiopian Government is putting in order to benefit from the climate change related projects, particularly, REDD and NAMA will be a futile exercise.

Provide information on the key parameters influencing the GHG emission sources that are to be addressed by the NAMA. Provide projections of these key parameters.
The key parameters influencing the GHG emission sources include the following:

Environmental parameters: Reduced soil erosion, total emissions avoided
Social parameters: Job created, increased capacity
Economic parameters: Income generated, increased productivity

The key parameter that can be projected at this moment is the total GHG emissions avoided (tCO2-e/ha/y) through afforestation as well as agro-forestry practices. During 20 years period, the NAMA is estimated to sequester 11, 055, 822 tCO2e.
Sector
Forestry
Scope
Forestry sector (National / Region/ District / Village)
Boundary
District / Village/ Watershed
NAMA indicator
Total GHG emissions avoided per hectare
NAMA indicator reporting level
tCO2-e / ha
Historical data
GHG inventory in National Communication to UNFCCC
National data from the forestry sector including relevant social and economic data
Regional, district and village level data from the forestry sector including relevant social and economic data
Global Forest Assessment data
Other sources for estimating GHG emissions
Ex-Ante Carbon-balance Tool (EX-ACT)
Parameters influencing BAU
emissions projection
National GHG emissions target
Regulatory environment
Policies promoting afforestation/reforestation
Finance access – Green Climate Fund, World Bank, etc.

Describe the existing policies influencing the key parameters identified above and describe how these policies will affect the key parameters.
Forestry Policy - The Forestry policy will affect the key parameters identified above in a positive way. The major objective of the policy is to meet public demand in forest and forest products and to enhance the socio-economic and environmental contribution of forests.

The six focal areas of the Forest policy are fostering private forest development; developing and extending technologies; expanding markets; administration and management of state forests; forest protection; and building data base on forest conservation, development and utilization.

The strategies of the Forest policy are making land available; tax incentives (until first harvest); tax reduction for agro-forestry practices; render the required professional and technical support; designate productive forest areas within state forests; ensure access to planting materials at fair prices; facilitate access to credit; and guarantee ownership of any land with developed forest.

The policy therefore can help to ensure the provision of critical ecosystem services as well as the opportunities that forests can offer for livelihood diversification and security.

If there are mitigation policies, describe the impact of the implementation of these policies on the GHG emission sources related to the NAMA.
The Green Economy Strategy – The forestry sector has been identified in the strategy as major source GHG emissions and at the same time having high GHG emissions reduction potentials, highly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change, and key driver of economic growth. The strategy identified forestry as one of its four pillars: "protecting and re-establishing forests for their economic and ecosystem services including as carbon stocks". The Green Economy Strategy aims at the forestry sector for a huge abatement of GHGs (130 Mt CO2e in 2030). Activities to be undertaken include: "afforestation (2 million ha), reforestation (1 million ha), and forest management (2 million ha of forests and 2 million ha of woodlands) to increase carbon sequestration in forests and woodlands." The implementation of this mitigation policy will have positive impact on the GHG emission sources related to the NAMA.
5.2 NAMA Scenario: narrative description of situation with the implementation of NAMA measures (1-2 pages)
Describe the scenario that would occur with the implementation of the NAMA. Describe, based on the activities identified above in section 5, how NAMA implementation will influence the key parameters identified in section 5.1.
With the NAMA scenario, the afforestation and agro-forestry activities will effectively lead to the conservation of carbon stocks in biomass and soil. The establishment of trees will lead to under such conditions in the long run to increase soil carbon stocks, build up fertility and also provide additional biomass as well as other vegetation that is more likely to grow after the NAMA measures.

The key parameters that are to be addressed by the NAMA include the following: Reduced soil erosion, total emissions avoided, income generated, jobs created, increased capacity and increased productivity.

During 20 years period, the proposed NAMA is estimated to sequester 11, 055, 822 tCO2-e. This translates to 393 tCO2-e per hectare or 19.7 tCO2-e per hectare per year over the full duration. With-NAMA scenario, the main component leading to reduced emissions is afforestation activities (4,314,585 tCO2-e). The leading causes of carbon losses and GHG emissions are the use of inputs (377, 120 tCO2-e).
The most important activities contributing to a positive carbon balance of the project are the establishment of perennial crops (-1,165,665 tCO2-e) and the other land use change activities (-1, 684, 499tCO2-e).

The strongest factor constituting that afforestation effectively leads to a positive carbon balance stems from the conservation of carbon stocks in biomass that account for (-5,516,166 tCO2-e) and carbon stocks in soil that account for (-5,032,251 tCO2-e).
amount of tCO2e avoided per hectare per year amount of soil (tons) will be reduced per hectare per year. income generated per year, job created per year, people trained per year NTFP products produced per year
In the overall NAMA scenario,

The deadwood, litter and soil carbon pools are expected to increase
There will be temporary displacement of both grazing and fuel-wood collection (including charcoal production) activities from the implementation sites
There is no anticipated increase in the levels of non-CO2 GHG from the soil as no irrigation or fertilizers will be utilized
Reduction of on-site land degradation, reclamation of degraded non-productive land
Fodder shortage is reduced through cut-and-carry of grass in enclosures (after 1 year)
Collection of dead wood from enclosures (after 3–4 years) mitigates fuel wood shortage
Cutting wood for construction of houses and wooden farm implements (after 7–8 years)
Farmers are also allowed, starting after 3 years, to cut the grass that grows between the trees and use it as fodder for their cattle or for roof construction


5.3 Description of the benefits in terms of development (social, economic, and environmental) (1 page)
Describe the development benefits obtained from NAMA implementation:
Social benefits: Income generated, jobs created, improved health, increased capacity and skills
Potential economic co-benefits of the NAMA measures include reducing poverty through increased production of wood and other fruit tree products for home consumption and market. Introducing and promoting A/R measures will provide the targeted communities with tangible benefits, such as timber products, fruits, fuel wood, and fodder. Production of NTFPs will ensure an added source of income to participate in A/R and agro-forestry activities.

Nursery establishment and production of seedlings will provide additional income to farmer families. Farmers will earn money by selling seeds and other by-products. The promotion of fuel efficient stoves will improve the health status of the farmer families in the areas.

Economic benefits: Increased business activities, increased availability of food, reduced fuel wood consumption
Farmer families will generate their own food and will be food secured. Farmer families will stay in their home areas and they will not migrate to other areas. Fruits and vegetables will enrich the nutrition of farmer families.

In addition, they will strive to sell some of the excess production of fruits and vegetables on the market to earn some income. Furthermore, participants will gain access to local markets for timber, fuel wood, fruit and fodder.

Fuel wood consumption will be decreased due to the introduction of fuel efficient stoves. Through the implementation of NAMA measures, the participating communities will reduce their fuel wood consumption which helps in reducing the indoor air pollution as well as deforestation.

Environmental benefits: Reduced soil erosion, improved water conservation, reduced degradation/deforestation

Decreased soil erosion is the most visible environmental benefits of the NAMA. Right after the afforestation, no more precious soil is washed away during the rainy season, and the fields at the bottom of the hills are protected against damage from water run-off.

Furthermore, the yield from the fields will increase because the forests, which typically include numerous nitrogen-fixating tree species, improve soil fertility and therewith directly contribute to the productivity of the fields.

The soil and water conservation values of vegetation within and outside of the treated area will benefit the local people in the targeted areas. Agro forestry practices are also set to play major role in improving soil fertility and fodder availability, and in meeting household and market demands.

5.4 Estimate of GHG emission reductions resulting from implementation of NAMA measures, including description of methodology to estimate GHG emissions impact (2 pages)
Calculate/estimate the GHG emissions related to the baseline scenario. Explain how the estimate has been made by explaining the methodology used, the hypothesis made, the formula used, etc.
The Ex-Ante Carbon-balance Tool (EX-ACT) was used in estimation of the GHG emissions related to the baseline scenario. EX-ACT tool is a land-based accounting system developed by FAO for estimating C stock changes (i.e. emissions or sinks of CO2) as well as GHG emissions per unit of land, expressed in equivalent tonnes of CO2 per hectare and year.

The EX-ACT results for the baseline scenario of the four regions leads to total avoided GHG emissions that add up to -827, 295 tCO2-e. This translates to -29 tCO2-e per hectare or -1.5 tCO2-e per hectare per year over the full duration.

Assumptions in determining the baseline scenario:

a) The NAMA activity does not lead to a shift of pre-project activities outside the project boundary. The land under the proposed NAMA activity can continue to provide at least the same amount of goods and services as in the absence of the NAMA activity

(b) Lands to be reforested are severely degraded with the vegetation indicators (tree crown cover and height) below thresholds for defining forests and the lands are still degrading;

(c) Lands will be reforested by direct planting and/or seeding;

(d) Carbon stocks in soil organic matter, litter and deadwood can be expected to decrease more due to soil erosion and human intervention;

Calculate/estimate the GHG emissions related to the NAMA scenario. Explain how the estimate has been made by explaining the methodology used, the hypothesis made, the formula used, etc.
The EX-ACT tool was used in estimation of the GHG emissions related to the NAMA scenario. The tool considers CO2, CH4 and N2O as greenhouse gas sources, from biomass growth and removal, site preparation, use of mechanization and agro-chemicals and exported harvested wood products.
During 20 years period, the proposed NAMA is estimated to sequester -11, 055, 822 tCO2-e. This translates to -393 tCO2-e per hectare or -19.7 tCO2-e per hectare per year over the full duration.
Assumptions in determining the NAMA scenario:

No significant displacement of activities within the NAMA boundary
Village afforestation is enhanced and supported
Greenhouse gas from baseline scenario remains at a steady state
Soil disturbance is minimal

Calculate the potential of GHG emissions reductions by comparing the baseline and the NAMA scenario.

The baseline scenario for the four regions leads to avoided GHG emissions that add up to -827, 295 tCO2-e. During 20 years period, the NAMA is estimated to sequester -11, 055, 822 tCO2-e.

The overall carbon balance accounts for a total of -10,228, 527 tCO2-e of avoided emissions or increased carbon sequestration over the full analysis period of 20 years. This is equivalent to a combination of -364 tCO2-e per hectare over the full duration or -18.2 tCO2-e per hectare annually.

Regarding the gross results of the with-project scenario, the main component leading to reduced emissions is afforestation activities (-4,314,585 tCO2-e). The leading causes of carbon losses and GHG emissions are the use of inputs (377, 120 tCO2-e).

The most important activities contributing to a positive carbon balance of the project are the establishment of perennial crops (-1,165,665 tCO2-e) and the other land use change activities (-1, 684, 499tCO2-e).

The strongest factor constituting that afforestation effectively leads to a positive carbon balance stems from the conservation of carbon stocks in biomass that account for (-5,516,166 tCO2-e) and carbon stocks in soil that account for (-5,032,251 tCO2-e).






5.5 Description of the transformational impact of NAMA, including its sustainability (1 page)
For each solution (=measure) identified in 4.2, describe what will be the expected impacts (long term) of implementing the measure. Further, describe how the planned measures will have a long-term impact on the way different stakeholder make choices. For example, how will the implementation of NAMA change the private sector's choice of options, and how will it influence policy- and strategy-making for sustainable development.
The proposed NAMA is based in the Climate Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) Strategy. The proposed NAMA is expected to be used to pilot inclusive green growth model to achieve social, economical, and environmental outcomes of the CRGE strategy, which include: reducing GHG emissions, reducing societal vulnerability to natural and anthropogenic shocks, creation of more job opportunities, increasing food security and land productivity.
The implementation of the NAMA will contribute to changing the behaviors of various stakeholders towards low carbon options. Through the implementation of the proposed NAMA, the Government of Ethiopia will be facilitating the creation of an economic alternative for owners of degraded land which in turn will result in a new impetus to the forestry activity in the country, thereby increasing rates of afforestation and restoration of forests due to a greater economic expectation of owners.

The implementation of the proposed NAMA will strengthen the institutional and human capacity within the Ministry of Environment and Forest to benefit from opportunities for low carbon growth and carbon sequestration. The capacity to estimate and monitor carbon emissions will be developed. Such activities will enable federal, regional and district governments to establish monitoring units and technical teams dedicated to the implementation of NAMA measures.
The proposed NAMA will help in the creation of a measurement system to measure the progress and impacts of the NAMA implementation. The Ministry of Environment and Forest is currently developing the national level MRV system for assessing implementation of actions as well as CRGE implementation. The NAMA will contribute towards providing information required for national level MRV system.

The NAMA will contribute towards providing information required for national level MRV system through three actions. One: providing baseline on GHG emission from the intervention areas; two, providing information on GHG reduction in the intervention areas; and three, through providing information on lesson learnt on baseline development, GHG inventory and MRV. The implementation of the proposed NAMA measures will enable the target regions to assess their potential for carbon emissions reduction and their cost-effectiveness for carbon sequestration.

Explain how the measures suggested in the NAMA will be sustained beyond the implementation of the NAMA. For example, if funding is requested for a standard setting and testing lab, how will the activities of this lab continue beyond the NAMA implementation?
The capacity building activities will aid in achieving sustainability through training on mitigation actions and monitoring methodologies. The training of personnel on methodologies for monitoring and estimating GHG emissions will ensure that personnel are capable to measure, report and verify the GHG emission reductions and co-benefits from the NAMA. This capacity building measures will help in reducing future GHG emissions beyond the scope of the NAMA.
Measuring, Reporting and Verification
6.1 Description of key parameters to assess progress of implementation of the NAMA (1 page)
List and define the parameters/indicators that will be used to measure the progress of the NAMA implementation. Indicators should be identified for each of the outputs of the NAMA.
Category
Key parameters
Type of parameter
GHG Emissions
Total emissions avoided
Quantitative, amount of tCO2e avoided per hectare per year
Environmental

Reduced soil erosion


Quantitative, amount of soil (tons) reduced per hectare per year
Social
Income generated


Jobs created


Increased capacity and skills
Quantitative, amount of income generated per year

Quantitative, number of job created per year


Qualitative, number of people trained per year
Economic
Increased productivity



Quantitative, amount of products produced per year





6.2 Description of key parameters to assess the national sustainable development benefits and GHG emission impacts (1 page)

6.2.1 List and define the parameters/indicators that will be used to measure the national sustainable development benefits of the NAMA implementation.
For each of them, define whether it is a qualitative or a quantitative parameter. In the case of qualitative parameters, define the qualitative scale that will be used. In the case of quantitative parameters, define the units.
Domain
SD Criteria
SD indicators
Type of parameter

Expected impacts
Environmental
Land
Soil erosion
Quantitative, amount of soil saved per hectare
Reduced soil erosion

Water
Water conservation
Quantitative, amount of water conserved per hectare
Improved water conservation

Natural resources
Forests
Quantitative, number of trees planted per hectare
Reduced degradation/deforestation
Social
Jobs
Sources of income



Long term jobs
Quantitative, amount of income generated

Quantitative, number of long term jobs created
Income generated



Jobs created

Health and safety
Indoor air pollution
Quantitative, decrease in respiratory and eye related problems
Improved health

Education
Job related training
Quantitative, number of people trained
Increased capacity and skills

Welfare
Poverty alleviation
Quantitative, number of people who are food secure
Reduced poverty
Economical
Growth
Business activities


Productivity
Quantitative, number of green enterprises established

Quantitative, amount of products produced

Increased business activities

Increased food access

Energy
Access to energy
Quantitative, number of fuel efficient stoves distributed
Reduced fuel wood consumption

6.2.2 List and define the parameters/indicators that will be used to measure the GHG emissions impacts of the NAMA implementation.
Domain
Key parameters
Type of parameter
Environmental
Total emissions avoided
Quantitative, tCO2e

6.3 Measuring and Reporting Plan (2 pages)

Table: Summarized information
Indicators
Baseline
Target Values
Data Collection and Reporting


YR1
YR2
YR3
YR4
YR5
Frequency and Reports
Data Collection Instruments
Responsibility for Data Collection
Impacts indicators (GHG reduction, SD benefits )









Total emissions avoided
827,295
t CO2e
552,791
552,791
552,791
552,791
552,791
Annually
Monitoring survey
P,M&E Staff of WEF/BEF/MEF
Reduced soil erosion
X
X
X
X
X
X
Annually
Monitoring survey
P,M&E Staff of WEF/BEF/MEF
Reduced degradation/
deforestation
X
X
X
X
X
X
Annually
Satellite imagery
P,M&E Staff of WEF/BEF/MEF
Improved water conservation
X
X
X
X
X
X

Monitoring survey
P,M&E Staff of WEF/BEF/MEF
Increased productivity
X
X
X
X
X
X
Annually
Monitoring survey
P,M&E Staff of WEF/BEF/MEF
Income generated
X
X
X
X
X
X
Annually
Monitoring survey
P,M&E Staff of WEF/BEF/MEF
Jobs created
X
X
X
X
X
X
Annually
Monitoring survey
P,M&E Staff of WEF/BEF/MEF
Improved health
X
X
X
X
X
X
Annually
Monitoring survey
DAs, Woreda Experts
Reduced poverty
X
X
X
X
X
X
Annually
Monitoring survey
P,M&E Staff of WEF/BEF/MEF
Reduced fuel wood consumption
X
X
X
X
X
X
Annually
Monitoring survey
P,M&E Staff of WEF/BEF/MEF
Progress indicators









Reduced soil erosion
X
X
X
X
X
X
Quarterly
Field Reports
DAs, Woreda Experts
Increased productivity
X
X
X
X
X
X
Quarterly
Field Reports
DAs, Woreda Experts
Job created
X
X
X
X
X
X
Quarterly
Field Visits
DAs, Woreda Experts
Income generated
X
X
X
X
X
X
Quarterly
Field Reports
DAs, Woreda Experts
Increased business activities
X
X
X
X
X
X
Annually
Field Reports
DAs, Woreda Experts
Increased capacity/skills
X
X
X
X
X
X
Annually
Training Reports
DAs, Woreda Experts


Describe how the values of the different parameters will be collected together and who are the stakeholders involved in this process. Explain who will be in charge of writing the report on/compiling the parameters measured.

The Kebele Watershed Development Committee (KWDC) and the District Environment and Forest Offices will be involved in collecting the values of the different parameters.
The Regional State Environment and Forest Bureaus (Amhara, Oromia, SNNP, Tigray), the Bureau of Agriculture (Amhara, Oromia, SNNP, Tigray Regional State) would assist the communities, the WoEFs and KWDCs in collecting the values of the different parameters.
The District Environment and Forest Offices will be in charge of compiling the parameters measured. The Regional State Environment and Forest Bureaus (Amhara, Oromia, SNNP, Tigray) will be in charge of writing the report on the parameters measured.

6.4 Description of verification process (1 page)
Describe who will be in charge of the verification process and how the information will be exchanged between the stakeholder in charge of writing the report and the stakeholder in charge of the verification.
The verification of the proposed NAMA will be carried out by the Ministry of Environment and Forest. The verification process will depend more on international requirements and might be conducted by a verifier assigned by the UNFCCC or the developed country sponsoring the NAMA to be verified.

Based on (annual) monitoring reports of the NAMA, the Ministry of Environment and Forest will see to it that relevant national and international requirements and standards have been met by the NAMA. It would also check if the methodology is applied correctly and if the data is reliable.

The verification report will identify whether the project as implemented meets the relevant requirements, and report the quantity of achieved emissions reductions to the government and the UNFCCC or the developed country sponsoring the NAMA.

The NAMA monitoring plan will be the base for this verification. Site visits would be part of this exercise. It will also include further information collected through interviews with stakeholders involved in the implementation of the NAMA, statistical data, etc.
There is current no linkage between sub-national and national level MRV as the MRV system has not yet been developed. However, the plan is to have line ministries report GHG emissions reductions and MEF will verify the data (directly or through third party) before sending an international report.


Non-financial support required
7.1 Description of the technical and the capacity-building needs (1 page)
Describe in detail any international support needed on technical and/or capacity-building issues. This section should provide information on the nature of technical assistance activity and scope of capacity development, as well as the technical expertise required to support the activities. The financial requirement for these should be included in the financial section. Please also provide a paragraph on how this enables capacity development in country to sustain the change beyond NAMA implementation. This would be connected to the barriers identified in earlier sections.
In order to achieve the targeted goals stated in the NAMA, international support on technical and capacity building issues is needed in all aspects of NAMA implementation both at the institutional level and in the sectors where activities are going to be implemented.
The key technical and capacity building support needed for the implementing entities is training on methodologies for estimating GHG emissions and monitoring methodologies.
The capacity building activities will sustain the change beyond the NAMA implementation through training on methodologies for estimating GHG emissions and monitoring methodologies. The training of personnel will ensure that personnel are capable to measure, report and verify the GHG emission reductions and co-benefits from the NAMA. Such activities will also enable the implementing entities to establish monitoring units and technical teams dedicated to the implementation of NAMA measures.

Financial resources
8.1 Full cost of implementing the NAMA (1 page)
Output
Activities
Number of Units
Cost per unit Per year
Total Cost Per Year




Year 1
Year 2
Year 3
Year 4
Year 5
Total
Output 1:
Activities 1.1 Collect data to set up a detailed GHG baseline
4
65,000.00
160,000.00
 
 
 
 
160,000.00
Detailed baseline study










Activities 1.2 Carry out socio-economic baseline survey
4
40,000.00
40,000.00
 
 
 
 
40,000.00
Output 2:
Activities 2.1: Delineation of land area
4
10,000.00
40,000.00
 
 
 
 
40,000.00
Increase in forested areas through A/R and agro-forestry practices
Activities 2.2: Choice of species
4
12,500.00
50,000.00
 
 
 
 
50,000.00

Activities 2.3: Seed procurement
4
20,000.00
80,000.00
 
 
 
 
80,000.00

Activities 2.5: Land preparation
4
45,000.00
 
180,000.00
 
 
 
180,000.00

Activities 2.7: Planting of the forest or plantation; planting of trees, shrubs, etc
4
1,300,000.00
 
5,200,000.00
 
 
 
5,200,000.00

Activities 2.8: Protection and maintenance of NAMA activities
4

 
 
1,540,000.00
1,540,000.00
1,540,000.00
4,620,000.00
Output 3:
Activities 3.1: Select appropriate methodologies and monitoring protocols
1
60,000.00
 
60,000.00
 
 
 
60,000.00










MRV system designed to support implementation and evaluation of the proposed NAMA
Activities 3.2: Training in the use of protocols and tools
1
60,000.00
 
 
60,000.00
 
 
60,000.00

Activities 3.3: Establish and organize a reporting process
1
25,000.00
 
 
25,000.00
 
 
25,000.00











Activities 3.4: Identify and/or select verification bodies
1
15,000.00
 
 
15,000.00
 
 
15,000.00

Activities 3.5: Pilot the MRV system
1
70,000.00

 
 
 
70,000.00
70,000.00
Output 4: Increased human and technical capacity
Activities 4.1: Form green enterprises and facilitate income generating activities
4
45,000.00
 
 
180,000.00
 
 
180,000.00











Activities 4.3: Conduct different trainings to development agents and farmers
8
20,000.00
 
 
160,000.00
 
 
160,000.00

Activities 4.4: Raise public awareness on land restoration activities
1
50,000.00
 
 
50,000.00
 
 
50,000.00










 
Total
 
 
370,000.00
5,440,000.00
2,030,000.00
1,540,000.00
1,610,000.00
10,990,000.00


8.2 Funding from domestic sources (public, private, investments, etc.) (1 page)

Describe the domestic sources of funding for each measure.
Sources of funding
Annual operational budget (US$)
Investment
(US$)
Ministry of Environment and Forest
XX

CRGE Facility
XX

Municipality
XX

Local private investor
XX
XX
Foreign private investor
XX
XX
Local bank loan
XX
XX
Development bank loan
XX
XX
Guarantees
XX
XX
Donor grants
XX
XX










The CRGE strategy has indicated that the country will require an estimated USD 150 billion over 20 years (CRGE, 2011). The GoE has established the CRGE Facility to mobilize this amount through various sources such as international donor agencies, multilateral and bilateral funding, market based mechanisms such as carbon credits and loans. Finance is provided for activities that have been identified in the CRGE Strategy.

The Facility has started it operation and is currently disbursing funds to various line ministries through Fast Track program. The projects funded through the Fast Track are expected to be implemented within 18 months starting from April 2014. The Facility has not funded any kind of NAMA in Ethiopia so far. The proposed NAMA has not received funding from the Facility. The amount of funds that could be funded by this Facility is yet to be decided.




8.3 Financial support from international funding (1 page)
Describe the financial resources required from international entities for implementation of the NAMA measures. The support should be classified into loans and grants. Grants could be made to provide risk coverage to lower the interest rates on loans, subsidies for capital expenditure, etc. Use a tabular format to indicate the requirements for each measure. Indicate if investments from the international private sector are expected.
Entity
Loans (US$)
Grants (US$)
Green Climate Fund (GCF)
XX
XX
NAMA Facility
XX
XX
International private sector
XX
XX






8.4 Description of arrangements to finance the implementation of the NAMA, including domestic finances and international funding (1 page)

Describe the institutional arrangements for managing the finance, both domestic and international, as well as oversight of the use of funds.
The Ministry of Environment and Forest (MEF) will be responsible for making arrangements to finance the implementation of the NAMA including domestic and international finances.
The MEF will solicit financial support from domestic sources through various channels such as the government budgets, grant funds, domestic financing institutions and the private sector.
The MEF will use the CRGE Facility to channel international funds. The Facility is responsible for mobilizing, allocating and channeling international climate finance, leveraging both public and private finance, from multilateral and bilateral sources.
The financial instruments develop by the CRGE Facility includes standard disbursement options such as grants, concessional loans and other debt instruments, equity and other innovative forms of financial support such as for example the E-tax system
The facility has two entities: (a) implementing and (b) executing entities. Implementing entities are line ministries that can access finance from the facility. Executing entities are any other organizations, such as NGOs, civil society, educational institutions and private sector that are interested in accessing finance from the Facility.
It is the government's intention that Ethiopia's development partners will channel their bilateral and multilateral climate funds through the CRGE Facility.




Annex I.
Details of NAMA coordinating Entity and NAMA Approving Entity


NAMA Coordinating Entity
NAMA Approving Entity
Name of Institution:

Ministry of Environment and Forest
Ministry of Environment and Forest
Contact Person:

XX
XX
Address:

XX
XX
E-mail:

XX
XX
Tel:

XX
XX



















Annex II.

References


Asefa, D.T., Oba, G., Weladj: RB & J.E. Coleman. 2003. Policies for Sustainable Land Management in the East African Highlands. An Assessment of Restoration of Biodiversity in Degraded High Mountain Grazing Lands in North Ethiopia. Land Degradation and Development. 14. 25-38.

Abayneh Derero, Negash Mamo and Kaleb Kelemu. 2004. Strategic Actions for Integrated Forest Development in Ethiopia. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Berhanu Adenew. 2010. Climate Change and Policy Process in Ethiopia: A Roundtable Discussion, Ethiopian Economics Association, Addis Ababa

Environmental Protection Authority. 2012. National Report of Ethiopia, the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Environmental Protection Authority. 2011, Readiness Preparation Proposal, Ethiopia. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. 2011. Ethiopia's Vision for a Climate Resilient Green Economy: Vision, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia.2011.Ethiopia's Climate-Resilient Green Economy Strategy. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

DFID.2011. Strategic Climate Institutions Programme, Design Paper, DFID Ethiopia.

FDRE. 2001. First National Communication of Ethiopia to the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Federal EPA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Melaku Bekele and Habtemariam Kassa: National Dialog on Sustainable Agricultural Intensification in Ethiopia and its role on the climate resilient green economy initiative in Ethiopia. 23-24 July 2012, Addis Ababa
MoFED.2010. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia – Growth and Transformation Plan 2010/11-2014/15, Volume I: Main Text, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

National Population Statistics. Central Statistics Agency, 2011, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Nune, S., Kassie, M., Mungatana, E. 2010. Forestry resource accounting: the experience of Ethiopia. CEEPA Discussion Paper No 47, Centre for Environmental Economics and Policy in Africa, University of Pretoria.
WBISPP.2005. A national strategy plan for the biomass sector. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Yitebitu Moges, Zewdu Eshetu and Sisay Nune. 2010. Ethiopian Forest Resources: Current Status and Future Management Options in View of Access to Carbon Finances. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.


Annex III

Detail of the estimation of the GHG emission reductions

The Ex-Ante Carbon-balance Tool (EX-ACT) was used in determination of current carbon stocks in Phase 1 NAMA. EX-ACT tool is a land-based accounting system developed by FAO for estimating C stock changes (i.e. emissions or sinks of CO2) as well as GHG emissions per unit of land, expressed in equivalent tonnes of CO2 per hectare and year. It covers all five carbon pools of above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass, dead wood, litter, and soil carbon.

The tool considers CO2, CH4 and N2O as sources and associated greenhouse gases, from biomass growth and removal, site preparation (tillage, burning), use of mechanization and agro-chemicals (fuel, fertilization, liming and irrigation) and exported harvested wood products.
The EX-ACT results for Phase 1 NAMA are interpreted in the following way:
Overall gross results:
The with-out NAMA scenario leads to avoided GHG emissions that add up to -827, 295 tCO2-e. This translates to -2.9 tCO2-e per hectare over the full duration or into 1.5 tCO2-e per hectare per year.
During 20 years period, the proposed NAMA is estimated to sequester -11, 055, 822 tCO2-e. This translates to -393 tCO2-e per hectare or -19.7 tCO2-e per hectare per year over the full duration.
The NAMA scenario has a considerably lower impact on GHG emissions and carbon sequestration leading only to a total impact of 377, 120 tCO2-e.

Overall carbon balance:

It accounts for a total of -10,228,527 tCO2-e of avoided emissions or increased carbon sequestration over the full analysis period of 20 years. This is equivalent to a combination of -364 tCO2-e per hectare over the full duration or -18.2 tCO2-e per hectare annually.

Gross results and carbon balance:
Regarding the gross results of the with-NAMA scenario, the main component leading to reduced emissions is afforestation activities (-4,314,585 tCO2-e). The leading causes of carbon losses and GHG emissions are the use of inputs (377, 120 tCO2-e).

The most important activities contributing to a positive carbon balance of the NAMA are the establishment of perennial crops (-1,165,665 tCO2-e) and the other land use change activities (-1, 684, 499tCO2-e).

Carbon balance per GHG:

The strongest factor constituting that afforestation effectively leads to a positive carbon balance stems from the conservation of carbon stocks in biomass that account for (-5,516,166 tCO2-e) and carbon stocks in soil that account for (-5,032,251 tCO2-e).
Annex IV
Regional Profile

SNNP Region Overview
The Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Regional State (SNNPR) is the third largest administrative region of Ethiopia and represents about 20% of the country's population. Administratively the Region is divided into 14 zones and 4 special woredas, with a total of 131 woredas, 22 city administrations 3,602 rural kebeles and 324 urban kebeles.

 According to 2007 census, in 2010 the regional population was estimated to be 16.5 million. According to the 2007 census figures, about 93% of the population is rural. The region has an area of 118,000 square kilometers, and which consists of 10% of the total area of the country.

There are 5 climatic zones: arid consisting 6.2%, desert consisting 48%, semi-highland consisting 36.8%, highland consisting 6.5% and frost consisting 0.7% of the total. The region consist with the lowest landscape, 376 meters above sea level, located in South Omo and the highest landscape, 4,207 meters above sea level, in Gamo Gofa. SNNPR is a region of relatively high rainfall by Ethiopia standards. The range for most of the midland of the center, north-east and east of the Region, where the majority of the Region's population live, is between 1100mm and 1500mm.

The Region's economy is based on agriculture with subsistence crop production resulting in a very poor standard of living in the rural community. The most characteristic product is enset, a food unique to Ethiopia and in modern times at least, largely confined to southern Ethiopia as a staple.

The SNNP regional state claims a forest cover of 11%. All the state forests in the Southern region are under administration of woreda bureaus of agriculture. Quite a number of the forests have been practicing various versions of participatory forest management (PFM) in SNNP region (EIAR, 2011).

The region claims the planting of close to 133 million seedlings in with survival rate varying from 56 to 87% in various Zones and Woredas. The region have planned to plant over 0.31 billion propagules in 2010. Tree plantings are being carried out on private as well as in forms of community woodlots. There are several community and private nurseries in various Woredas of the region preparing tree seedlings. The Woredas give technical support to most of the private and community nurseries. Some of the Woredas in the regions undertake the tree planting activities through safety net schemes (Abayneh Derero et. al., 2011).

The region undertakes extensive area exclosure activities. The Southern Region is undertaking area exclosure at Silti, Hadya, and Kambata Zones. Some of the Woredas in the Southern Region have opted to follow watershed approach and hence 5 model catchments are identified for tree planting in Dale Woreda, Sidama Zone.

Eucalypt and Grevillea robusta are the major plantation species in the region. Tree species being planted include Podocarpus falcatus, Olea africana, Grevillea robusta, Pinus patula, Sesbania sesban, Millettia feruginea, Acacia saligna, Calliandra calothyrsus, Leucaena leucocephala, Moringa stenopetala, Jatropha curcas, neem, and various fruit trees (avocado, mango, and apple).

Bamboo happens to be a priority species in the Southern region, and consequently a total 1252 ha of land in the zone was covered by Bamboo in 2009. Seedling sale is becoming source of income to some farmers in Dale Woreda, Sidama zone (Abayneh Derero et. al., 2011).

Oromia Region Overview
The National Regional State of Oromiya is located within 3o24'20" –10o23'26"N latitudes and 34o07'37"-42o58'51"E longitudes, extending for about eight degrees (8o) west to east and for about seven degrees (7o) north to south or vice versa. Its total area is 363,399.8 km2 (BoFED, 2007).

The Region is administratively classified into 18 zones and 304 districts (39 towns considered as districts). In addition the Region has more than 6343 Peasants and 482 Urban Dwellers Kebeles (CSA, 2007). According to 2007 Population and Housing Census result, total population of the region was 27,158,471. Rural population was 23,788,431, while urban population was 3,370,040.

The climatic types prevailing in the region are dry climate (the hot arid and hot semi-arid climates), tropical rainy climate (the tropical humid and tropical per humid climates) and temperate rainy climate. 33.9 and 26.3 percent of the total area of the region receive mean annual rainfall ranging from 500-900 and 900-1300mm, while the remaining 17.1 and 8.5 percent receive mean annual rainfall ranging from 1300-1700 and 1700-2100mm respectively (MoA, WBISPP, 2000).

As the statistical data obtained from Ministry of Agriculture indicates (2006), the larger portion of the surface area of the Region is accounted by grassland, followed by cultivated land, shrub land and bushland. Vegetation cover accounts for about 69% of the total area of the Region. Afro-Alpine and Sub-Afro Alpine, High forest, Woodland, Riverine, Grassland, Plantations, and Bush and Shrubland are major types of vegetation.

According to some studies (cited in the study conducted by Woody Biomass Inventory and Strategic Planning Project, July, 2001), the high forests of the Region, covers about 8.14% 0f the total area of the Region. The region claims a forest cover of 8.5%. All the state forests in Oromiya are under the jurisdiction of Oromiya Forest and Wildlife Authority. Quite a number of the forests have been practicing various versions of participatory forest management (PFM) in the region. The region claim the planting of close to 450 mil seedlings in 2009 with survival rate varying from 56 to 87% in various Zones and Woredas. The region has planned to plant over 4.5 billion propagules in 2010. Tree plantings are being carried out on private as well as in forms of community woodlots (EIAR, 2011).

There are at least one state run and several community and private nurseries in various Woredas of the regions to preparing tree seedlings. The Woredas give technical support to most of the private and community nurseries. Some of the Woredas in the region undertake the tree planting activities through safety net schemes. The region undertakes extensive area exclosure activities. Furthermore, several farm trees that are found in the individually owned agricultural areas, homestead and in the communal areas are found in several parts of the Region. Currently, community plantations and farm trees cover more than 0.2% of the surface area of the Region (Abayneh Derero et. al., 2011).

Eucalypt and Grevillea robusta are the major plantation species in the region. The region plans to plant 500 million seedling of Grevillea robusta in 2010. Other tree species being planted include Podocarpus falcatus, Olea africana, Grevillea robusta, Pinus patula, Sesbania sesban, Millettia feruginea, Acacia saligna, Calliandra calothyrsus, Leucaena leucocephala, Moringa stenopetala, Jatropha curcas, neem, and various fruit trees (avocado, mango, and apple).

In Shashemene, the youth have formed associations for raising seedlings, and hence have managed to prepare 4.5 million seedlings this year. They have also established their own plantation. The farmers in the Woreda produce as well as sale seedlings of eucalypt and Cupressus lusitanica (Abayneh Derero et. al., 2011).

Amhara Region Overview

The Amhara Regional State is located on the north part of Ethiopia and is one of the 9 regional states and city administrations of the country. The region has 105 woredas.

According to figures of the Central Statistical Agency (2005), the region has an estimated total population of 19,120,005. The annual population growth rate is 2.7%. With an estimated area of 159,173.66 km2, the region has an estimated density of 120 persons/km2 (ESGPIP, 2013).

Agriculture comprises mainly smallholder mixed cereal cropping and livestock production. The latest estimate of the remaining area of natural forests is 4,120,000 hectares. The extent of human-made forests has been estimated as 159,504 hectares of State Plantations, 35,000ha of peri urban fuel wood plantation, and 44,634 hectares of Community Woodlot.

The Regional Forest Areas of the region cover some 592,470hectares of which 529,246ha are in two lowland woodland RFPA's. Some 63,224ha are located in the highlands (Ethiopian Forestry Action Programme, 1994).

All the state forests in the region are under administration of woreda bureaus of agriculture. The region claims the planting of close to 907 mil seedlings in 2009. The region has planned to plant over 1.7 billion propagules in 2010. There are at least one state run and several community and private nurseries in various Woredas of the regions to preparing tree seedlings. In Amhara Region, there are private nurseries that can produce up to 500,000 seedlings, and earn as high as 11,000 birr from sale of part of seedlings.

The Woredas give technical support to most of the private and community nurseries. Some of the Woredas in the region undertake the tree planting activities through safety net schemes. One of the zones in the region West Gojam Zone has carried out a campaign called as "4 trees in the 3rd millennium." In the Zone, 140 million seedlings were prepared by private nurseries, 87 million by community nurseries, and 30 million by state owned nurseries (Abayneh Derero et. al., 2011).

The rehabilitation activities in Amhara region include extensive land husbandry and gully reclamations. The Amhara region has planned to undertake integrated watershed development with participatory approach on 131 micro catchments at zonal and Woreda levels, and three major watersheds at regional level.

Eucalypt and Grevillea robusta are the major plantation species in the region. Other tree species being planted include Podocarpus falcatus, Olea africana, Grevillea robusta, Pinus patula, Sesbania sesban, Millettia feruginea, Acacia saligna, Calliandra calothyrsus, Leucaena leucocephala, Moringa stenopetala, Jatropha curcas, neem, and various fruit trees (avocado, mango, and apple).

The organization for relief and development of Amhara (ORDA) has planted more than 60 million seedlings in 2009. Great emphasis was given to Jatropha plantation in which 25-30 million seedlings were established through direct sowing.

The other major species included eucalyptus, Acacia senegal, Grevillea robusta, Cordia africana, Hagenia abyssinica, Olea africana and Juniperus procera. ORDA also runs a biodiversity project on the indigenous species (Abayneh Derero et. al., 2011)..

Tigray Region Overview

Tigray is located on the north part of Ethiopia and is one of the 9 regional states and city administrations of the country. The total area of Tigray is about 54,569.25 km². Tigray is administratively divided into 7 Zones, 46 Woredas (12 urban and 34 rural Woredas) and 763 Kebeles.

The climate of the region is characterized as "Kolla" (semi arid) 39%, "Woina dega" (warm temperate) 49%, and "Dega" (temperate) 12%. The average annual rainfall is between 450-980 mm. The altitude of the region varies from 600-2,700 above sea levels (GoE, 2012). According to to the report of the 2007 housing and population census, the region has a total population of 4,806,843. The annual population growth rate for Tigray is 2.52% (CSA, 2007).

Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy in the region, in which 85% of the population depends. Out of the total area of 54,569.25 km², there are a total of 1,300,000 hectare cultivable land (of which 1,023,246 hectare of land is cultivated) and a total of 1,650,000 hectare of forest area. There are nine rivers and one lake in the region (Ayenew Admasu et al., 2011). Irrigation and terrace farming are used on the steep slopes. 420,877 hectares of land in the region is terraced (GoE, 2012).

All the state forests in Tigray are under administration of woreda bureaus of agriculture (EIAR, 2011). The region claims the planting of close to 720 mil seedlings in 2009. The region have planned to plant over 0.78 billion propagules in 2010. The tree planting on 2009 included broadcasting of 470 million seeds and planting of 100 million splits and 152 million seedlings. The plan for 2010 included establishment of woodlots, fruit orchards on degraded lands (Abayneh Derero et. al., 2011).

Tree plantings are being carried out on private as well as in forms of community woodlots. In Tigray, there are 401 community nurseries, 280 state nurseries and 18,000 private nurseries. There are 23 specialized fruit tree nurseries, and there is a plan to plant 21 million fruit trees (orange, mango, avocado, apple, and banana) next year in the region. FAO used to support the fruit trees nursery establishments and managements. For timber species and fruit trees potted seedlings are normally prepared. The Woredas give technical support to the private and community nurseries. The seedling production of the region for 2010 was carried out in state nurseries (156 million), community nurseries (40 million) and private nurseries (34 million) (Abayneh Derero et. al., 2011).

The region undertakes extensive area exclosure activities. The region claims about 80% of agricultural field in the region as already being under soil and water conservation management. In the Region, moisture enhancement structures are always introduced in area exclosures. The plan of area exclosure in Tigray for 2010 was 261, 701 ha. The region has planned to undertake integrated watershed development with participatory approach on 131 micro catchments at zonal and Woreda levels, and three major watersheds at regional level.

Eucalypt and Grevillea robusta are the major plantation species in the region. Other tree species being planted include Podocarpus falcatus, Olea africana, Grevillea robusta, Pinus patula, Sesbania sesban, Millettia feruginea, Acacia saligna, Calliandra calothyrsus, Leucaena leucocephala, Moringa stenopetala, Jatropha curcas, neem, and various fruit trees (avocado, mango, and apple).

In Tigray, over 16,000 ha eucalyptus plantations are established at Adigrat, Ambalage, Hagereselam, Maichew, and Korem by the Alaje Forest Development and Utilization PLC. The species planted are E. camaldulensis, E. globulus, E. cladocalyx, and E. grandis. It is also planned to establish plantations that considers production and environmental services. There are regenerations of Olea and Juniperus under the plantations.

Annex V
Forestry NAMA Stakeholder Meeting

Date June 20, 2013

Meeting leader: Dr. Daniel F/eyesus

Meeting participants
No
Name
Organization
1
Kassahun G/medhine
NREPA
2
Million Tadesse
EIAR(Holeta)
3
Mesfin Legesse
BoA-Amhara
4
Adugna Shegu
ABO- Oromia
5
Habtamu Assaye
WGCFNR
6
Addis Wolde
FEPA
7
Yordanos Gossaye
FEPA
8
Bekele Kefeyalew
BOA
9
Girma Kibret
SLM (MOA)
10
Habtamu Deribe
NRM
11
Daniel Belay
MoA
12
Selamawit Desta
EPA
13
Kebede Yemam
EPLUA- Amhara
14
Daniel F/eyesus
Echnoserve
15
Meron Awraris
Echnoserve
16
Abdulrezak Hussen
Echnoserve
17
Wondwossen sintayhu
EPA
18
Dr. Zewedu Eshete
AAU

Meeting start at: - 9:20AM
Wondwossen: - Introductory speech about the importance of the workshop on how NAMA works out at the respective regions.
Addis presentation: - About CRGE and NAMA
Ethiopia is to implement in a well organized way than the other African countries.
Use of NAMA for developing countries is providing support for mitigation action.
Our focus is increasing productivity, increasing carbon sequestration, and co benefits
Agro ecological perspective of the country
0-5% is lowland no need of too much effort to restore
30-45% used for grazing as well as for agro forestry
>60% used for afforestation and reforestation
90% of the people live >1500masl. This level cover 40% of the land of the country the rest 60% is in rift valley or low lands
Because of inappropriate use of high land the land lead to be degraded.
We need a collaborative strategy to meet our goal 42% agriculture cover from GDP of the country


Initiatives
Establishing emission level
What and how we can initiate in establishing green economy
Feasibility of the initiative
Cost of the green economy
Institutions of agriculture it's important to meet the goal of CRGE
Increasing yield value
Creating new agricultural land
Gesihe presentation: - Restoring degraded land in Ethiopian high land

Group discussions based on the following question
What are the measures that you are taking to protect the challenge?
Which option can bring change within a short time?
Which option can bring change within a long time?

Results from group discussions

Group
Options

Short Term
Long term
SNNP group

Integrated watershed management
Afforestation and reforestation activity
Rehabilitation (area enclosure)

Oromia group

SWC work
Forage development
Compost
Alternative energy
Oxen plough replacement by small hand tools and machineries
Large ruminant replacement by small animals
Grazing land management
Water development
Stock reduction
Agro forestry
Affforestation and reforestation

Tigray group

Area enclosure
Affforestation and reforestation
Agro forestry
SWC

Amhara group

SWC
Water harvesting and intensive farming
High value crop and improved livestock
Agro forestry
Integrate IGA
Area enclosure

Assessment study
Biological conservation
Sustainable and integrated management



Meeting start at 2:20PM
Dr.Zewdu Presentation: - Ethiopian NAMA for rehabilitation of degraded land.
Echnoserve: - How much degraded land in your regions to be included in NAMA. The degraded land that are not worked or included by NGOs or governmental agencies. Let us prioritize the options in short term what would NAMA work in each region
Kebede:
Training must be given first
Selection of degraded land
Area enclosure
Afforestation
Agro forestry
SWC work
Bekele:- do NAMA introduce to the decision makers? if you are not doing this first let them know
Zewedu:- NAMA should be varied from PSNP but we can follow its model. Creating farmers union and market access is what expect from NAMA.
Echnoserve: - All the four regions agree on the same activities but what makes the difference is on how income is generated within a short period of time.
Zewedu:- NAMA should support on nursery establishment in finance and material
If hundred people participate in one place the NAMA should finance them till it become productive.
When the carbon sequestered and measured report to NAMA they should get payment
You should have to reports to what activities how much land is closed in the area enclosure.
We should have to focus on multiple benefits like ecotourism or anything that value added.
Zewdu: - The NAMA should finance to create social economical and environmental benefit of closed areas. We can come up two NAMAs in one place like forest, water and energy. We can use the youth to engage in different activities on area enclosure.
Habtamu:- What are the roles of research institution and the continuity to work with you?
Zewdu:- Different universities are responsible to create awareness in the regions

Input
Process
Output
1.Identify degraded land
Area enclosure
Rehabilitation of land
2.Capacity building
Reforestation/afforestation
Employment

Agro forestry

3.Planning process
SWC
Food security
4.Finance
Water harvesting
GHG reduction/ mitigation
5.Market access
Forage development, IGA
Increasing livelihood using
NAMA finance incentives and engaged in other activities

Closing speech by a guest from EPA 3:30PM




Forest NAMA Validation workshop (Oromiya region)
Date: 18/09/ 2013
Place of workshop: Ethiopia Hotel, Addis Ababa
Introduction & Pre-workshop arrangement
The Forest NAMA validation workshop was held for half day September 18, 2013 at Ethiopia Hotel in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Invitation for the meeting was sent out to stakeholders from various sectors including MEPF, regional agricultural bureaus and regional natural resource authorities of Oromia region. Invitation was sent out by the project consultant – Echnoserve.
Agenda
The agenda for the workshop was
Introduction to workshop and Agenda
Introduction about the NAMA- Echnoserve
Goal of NAMA and Activities – Echnoserve
Question and Discussion – Echnoserve
Closing remarks – MoEF

Introduction to workshop and Agenda
A representative of Echnoserve started the workshop with a welcoming speech and made a brief statement about the agenda include. A representative of MoEF provided an overview on the objective of the workshop and NAMA general meaning.
Introduction Creating New Productive Land from Hitherto Degraded Mountainous Land
A representative from Echnoserve made a presentation on NAMA Introduction, Objectives, Scope, Geographical Boundaries, Land Classification, Action Plan and National benefits. This NAMA is expected to contribute to the realization of the CRGE strategy and the goal of achieving carbon neutral green economy by 2025. The project is also expected to contribute to vulnerability reduction, job creation, food security and biodiversity. The objective is to create new fertile productive land on mountain slopes, which have either been uncultivated or if cultivated have been low productivity because of their degradation. Focused on addressing short term and long term economic and environmental challenges of local communities. The targeted wereda selected based on the following selection criteria:
Land degradation
Vegetation cover loss
Soil fertility loss
Geographical elevation is the second factor
Highly degraded if 75% of more percentage of the area is degraded
Moderately degraded if 40 – 75 % is degraded
Productive less than 40% degraded
Local density Pop/sq km is the third factor
Low Density 0.01-3.00
Medium Density 3.01 – 6.00
High Density 6.00 or above
As a result four weredas are selected from the region different parts. but there are number of weredas which are not included at this time because of lack of compiled data of the region natural resource bureau however, after the validation workshop the bureau promise as to provide the necessary data that we need to select the wereda or list of degraded wereda. Afforestaion and agro forestry activities are the options selected by Echnoserve to rehabilitate the degraded land; the expected outcomes would have different economical and environmental benefits.
Goal of NAMA and Activities
The main goal is to reduce GHG emission and vulnerability and the activities include product creation, site preparation or creation of new productive lands and planting of agro forestry or afforestation. The second activity is market creation the market must be integrated with local, national and international market. Creating distribution channel is the third activity direct and indirect systems are the main types of the system. The fourth activity is capacity building, it will focus on providing individuals, groups and institutions structured training to increase their abilities to perform core function of the NAMA. Time frame for implementation divided into three main categories site preparation 1- 5 month, pre planting 5- 12 month planting 1-5 year. Finally the MRV need not only focus on GHG emission reductions but also on vulnerability reduction. It will be designed and implemented to track the achievement of these two goals.

Question and Discussion
Based on the question and discussion NAMA should be corrected in some of the following sections
On the classification of degraded land the four weredas which are categorized as degraded are correct but should include other sixty weredas in the region.

Why are you focusing on areas only above 1500m or mountain areas it will be difficult to apply agro forestry and afforestation. Water harvesting, gully treatment, check dam and other conservation method (physical structure activity and biological activity) should be included in addition to agro forestry and afforestation.

It is better to include some more activities other than afforestation and agro forestry to benefit the society otherwise the society will not be ready to apply the project in their wereda. Such as clinics, road, school for their children and other natural resource conservation mechanisms.
Answer from MoEF: NAMA's ultimate goal is climate finance so other projects could go hand in hand with NAMA, the ongoing initiatives could be benefited from NAMA. However, NAMA by itself could not construct infrastructure or other facilities.
The following are additional trees and fruit trees that should be included

Fruit trees – Apple, Mango, Avocado and Banana
Trees – It depend on the agro ecology and it's better to replace Eucalyptus with other indigenous trees because it has allopathic impact or it's good to use it for commercial purpose only.
Plant trees used for conservation - Acacia, Gravillia, Calcia (Indigenous trees)
Plant trees in gullies – Bamboo, Elephant grass, Desho, Alphaalpha
Trees for medicine – Moringa

The timeframe to implement the activities should be changed as follows

Site Selection – 2-3 month
Planning - 2- 5 month
Implementation –5 years
Monitoring and Evaluation – quarterly and on annual basis
The workshop was concluded with a closing remark by representative of MEF.
Meeting Participants
No.
Name
Organization
1
Adugna Shegu
OBA (Natural Resource)
2
Derse Ejegu
Land and Environmental Bureau
3
Yeshiwerk Kifle
OBA (Natural Resource)
4
Amanuel Hailu
OBA (Natural Resource)
5
Ebiso Waticha
BoA PWFU
6
Abdulhakim Haji
BoA PWFU
7
Batri Gelalcha
OBA (Natural Resource)
8
Lechissa Tolera
OBA-SWC Expert
9
Ensermu Bejiga
OBA- Environmentalist
10
Embet Teshome
OBA- PWFU
11
Debebe Tefera
OCPA
12
Addis Bonger
MoEF
13
Dr. Daniel F/eyesus
Echnoserve
14
Bayu Nefsu
Echnoserve
15
Meron Awraris
Echnoserve



Forest NAMA Validation workshop (Tigray)
Date: 06/09/2013
Place of workshop: Axum Hotel, Mekelle

Introduction and Pre-workshop arrangement

The Forest NAMA validation workshop was held for half day September 06, 2013 at Axum Hotel in Mekelle, Ethiopia. Invitation for the meeting was sent out to stakeholders from various sectors including MoEF, regional agricultural bureau, cooperatives and regional natural resource authorities. Invitation was sent out by the project consultant – Echnoserve.

Agenda

The agenda for the workshop was

Introduction to workshop and Agenda
Introduction about the NAMA - Echnoserve
Goal of NAMA and Activities – Echnoserve
Question and Discussion – Echnoserve
Closing remarks – MoEF

Introduction to workshop and Agenda

A representative of MoEF started the workshop with a welcoming speech and providing an overview on the objective of the workshop and NAMA general meaning. A representative of Echnoserve then made a brief statement about the agenda include.

Introduction Creating New Productive Land from Hitherto Degraded Mountainous Land

A representative from Echnoserve made a presentation on NAMA Introduction, Objectives, Scope, Geographical Boundaries, Land Classification, Action Plan and National benefits. This NAMA is expected to contribute to the realization of the Climate Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) of Ethiopia and the goal of achieving carbon neutral green economy by 2025. The project is also expected to contribute to vulnerability reduction, job creation, food security and biodiversity.

The objective is to create new fertile productive land on mountain slopes, which have either been uncultivated or if cultivated have been low productivity because of their degradation. Focused on addressing short term and long term economic and environmental challenges of local communities.

The targeted woredas are selected based on land degradation, vegetation cover loss, soil fertility loss and geographical elevation:

Highly degraded if 75% of more percentage of the area is degraded
Moderately degraded if 40 – 75 % is degraded
Productive less than 40% degraded

As a result 86 woredas are selected from the region different parts. Afforestaion and agro forestry activities are the options selected by Echnoserve to rehabilitate the degraded land; the expected outcomes would have different economical and environmental benefits.

Goal of NAMA and Activities

The main goal is to reduce GHG emission and vulnerability and the activities include product creation, site preparation or creation of new productive lands and planting of agro forestry or afforestation. The second activity is market creation the market must be integrated with local, national and international market. Creating distribution channel is the third activity direct and indirect systems are the main types of system. The fourth activity is capacity building, it will focus on providing individuals, groups and institutions structured training to increase their abilities to perform core function of the NAMA. Time frame for implementation divided into three main categories site preparation 1- 5 month, pre planting 5- 12 month planting 1-5 year. Finally the MRV need not only focus on GHG emission reductions but also on vulnerability reduction. It will be designed and implemented to track the achievement of these two goals.

Question and Discussion

Based on the question and discussion NAMA should be corrected in some of the following sections

On the classification of degraded land the following degraded wereda should be added Ofla, Domatenben, Aferom, Tsatsitsadamba, Entalo and laodi. Welkaite and Raya Azebo are productive.
Soil fertility management (bio fertilizer, manure) and water harvesting techniques are additional options in addition to afforestationa and agro forestry.
The following are additional trees, crops and fruit trees that should be included and pulses should be categorized as one group
Fruit: Mango, Avocado, Apple highland, Guava, Banana, Orange and Peach. It is also better to practice fruit breeding in the region
Crops: Wheat, Barley, Maize
Trees: Juniper, PGMP, Lucinia, Caliandra, Jatrofa, Cruton, Accasia Senegal, Poswelia
Non Timber trees: Incense tree
Pulse: Sesame, Sunflower, Flaxseed
Add Canada in the international buyers list they are becoming coffee buyers of the region from Raya Azebo wereda; For the local market add unions / cooperatives
The selection criteria should include market (high value tree) and multipurpose product

The workshop was concluded with a closing remark by representative of MoEF

Meeting Participants

No.
Name
Organization
1
Mulugeta G/selassie
Region BoA
2
Haftom Girmay
Region BoA
3
Nigus Esmael
Region BoA
4
Wadera Lemma
Region BoA
5
Destalem Fetewi
Region EPA
6
Haileab Girmay
Region EPA
7
Birhanu Hailu
Region EPA
8
Addis Bonger
MoEF
9
Meron Awraris
Echnoserve



Annex VI
List of Acronyms


AGP Agricultural Growth Program
CBOs Community Based Organizations
CCA Climate Change Adaptation
CIAFS Capacity to Improve Agriculture and Food Security
CPS Country Partnership Strategy
CRD Climate Resilient Development
CRGE Climate Resilient Green Economy
CSO Civil Society Organization
DAG Development Assistance Group
DFID Department for International Development
DRR Disaster Risk Reduction
EARO Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization
EDRI Ethiopian Development Research Institute
EPACC Ethiopian Program of Adaption to Climate Change
ESSP Ethiopian Strategic Support Program
EU European Union
GCF Green Climate Fund
GDP Growth Domestic Product
GHG Green-House Gases
GoE Government of Ethiopia
GTP Growth and Transformation Plan
IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute
IMC Inter-Ministerial Committee
IPCC International Panel on Climate Change
MoA Ministry of Agriculture
MEF Ministry of Environment and Forest
MoFED Ministry of Finance and Economic Development
MoWE Ministry of Water and Energy
NAMAs Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions
NMA National Meteorology Agency
REDD+ Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation
SCIP Strategic Climate Institutions Programme
SLMP Sustainable Land Management Program
SRM Sectorial Reduction Mechanism
UN United Nation
UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
UNDP United Nation Development Program
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
USAID US Agency for International Development
WBG World Bank Group