LANDSCAPE URBANISM SCENARIOS FOR A TERRITORIAL SYSTEM

Fabbrica della Conoscenza

DEVELOPMENT AND PRESERVATION IN LARGE CITIES: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE edition 2015

la scuola di pitagora

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Fabbrica della Conoscenza numero 59 Collana fondata e diretta da Carmine Gambardella

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Fabbrica della Conoscenza Collana fondata e diretta da Carmine Gambardella Scientific Committee: Carmine Gambardella, President and CEO of Benecon, institutional partner of Forum Unesco University and Heritage Past-Director of the Department of Architecture and Industrial Design “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Second University of Naples Federico Casalegno, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston Massimo Giovannini, Professor, Università “Mediterranea”, Reggio Calabria Bernard Haumont, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture, Paris-Val de Seine Alaattin Kanoglu, Head of the Department of Architecture, İstanbul Technical University David Listokin, Professor, co-director of the Center for Urban Policy Research of Rutgers University / Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, USA Paola Sartorio, Executive Director, The U.S.- Italy Fulbright Commission Elena Shlienkova, Director of the Design Department Togliatti State University, Russia Isabel Tort Ausina, Director UNESCO Chair Forum University and Heritage, Universitat Politècnica De València UPV, Spain Editorial Committee: Pasquale Argenziano Alessandra Avella Alessandro Ciambrone Nicola Pisacane Manuela Piscitelli

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DEVELOPMENT AND PRESERVATION IN LARGE CITIES: AN INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVE edited by Carmine GAMBARDELLA David LISTOKIN

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graphic layout: Alessandro Ciambrone, Ludovico Mascia english review: Sacha Anthony Berardo cover: San Francisco, photo: Alessandro Ciambrone La scuola di Pitagora Editrice www.scuoladipitagora.it ISBN 978-88-6542-441-4 Printed on December 2015 Nell’ambito delle iniziative della:

ASSOCIAZIONE ITALIANA FULBRIGHT COMITATO NAZIONALE DI SETTORE BENI CULTURALI, SVILUPPO SOSTENIBILE, PIANIFICAZIONE E DISEGNO URBANO, ARCHITETTURA, MANAGEMENT DEI SITI DEL PATRIMONIO MONDIALE UNESCO, DISEGNO INDUSTRIALE E GOVERNANCE TERRITORIALE PRESIDENTE ONORARIO: PROF. CARMINE GAMBARDELLA E’ assolutamente vietata la riproduzione totale o parziale di questa pubblicazione, così come la sua trasmissione sotto qualsiasi forma e con qualche mezzo, anche attraverso fotocopie, senza l’autorizzazione scritta dell’editore The editorial board and the publisher assume that the authors have obtained permissions for photographs and illustrations where necessary. The volume has been included in the series Fabbrica della Conoscenza, founded and directed by Carmine Gambardella, after an anonymous peer-review by two members of the Scientific Committee.

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The “F3 Development’s Territorial System” in the Metropolitan City of Naples. In red the boundary the city of Pompeii (graphics by Giovanni Bello, Enrico De Cenzo, Giuseppe Guida).

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Giuseppe GUIDA Second University of Naples, Department of Architecture and Industrial Design “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Aversa (CE), Italy

Introduction This paper is a part of the research project named “Urban Ecotourism for Sustainable Exploitation of Cultural Heritage” co-financed by Campania Region, European Union and Benecon (Regional Competence Centre for Cultural Ecology Economy). The research examined the area of so called Development’s Territorial System “F3 – Miglio D’Oro-Torrese-Stabiese” of the Regional Territorial Plan, that incorporates the municipalities of Pompei, Boscoreale, Boscotrecase, Castellamare di Stabia, Ercolano, Portici, San Giorgio a Cremano, Torre Annunziata, Torre del Greco, Trecase. This area includes some of most relevant italian archeological site, such as the Unesco sites of Pompei and Ercolano. To define spatial planning strategies for this fragment of Metropolitan City of Naples, has been extracted strategic points and provisions relevant to the following territorial and urban plans: Regional and Territorial Plan (PTR – approved), Territorial Plan for provincial coordination (PTCP – adopted), all of Town Plans (PRG, PUC), Basin of Central Campania Plan (PSAI). These data were supplemented by ISTAT data regarding population, built heritage, employment, industry, agriculture, tourism. All data are georeferenced and comparable on GIS. Particular attention was dedicated to the identification of the infrastructural network and accessibility, understood as essential to proposed development and implementation of the region’s potential. The area of the project has been identified as Development’s Territorial System “F3 – Miglio d’Oro – Torrese-Stabiese” by the Regional Territorial Plan (a territorial plan drawn up by the Campania Region) that, apart Pompei, incorporates the municipalities of Boscoreale, Boscotrecase, Castellamare di Stabia, Ercolano, Portici, San Giorgio a Cremano, Torre Annunziata, Torre del Greco, Trecase [1]. This area is characterized by high urbanization and population density, with relevant sprawl and illegal housing phenomena and it is innervated by infrastructure and marked by situations of degradation that alternate with beautiful landscape contexts. 219

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The TIN (Triangulated Irregular Network) (output: Giovanni Bello, Enrico De Cenzo, Giuseppe Guida).

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In this essay I’ll expose the complex phase of territorial and urbanistic analysis, and some projects of landscape urbanism [2] related to: environmental recovery and regeneration of degraded landscapes and drosscapes, primarily through the reuse of brownfield sites; redevelopment and urban regeneration while respecting the principle of the lesser use of the land and the priority of recovery. The preliminary part of the research has extracted Plans’ strategic points and provisions relevant to the following territorial and urban plans: Regional and Territorial Plan (Ptr - approved -), Territorial Plan for provincial coordination (Ptcp adopted -), all of Town Plans (Prg, Puc), Basin of Central Campania Plan (Psai). These data were supplemented by Istat data regarding population, built heritage, employment, industry, agriculture, tourism. All data are georeferenced and comparable on GIS, in particular using Google Map technologies and software to share informations and scientific results and representing them on an interactive map. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has powerful information processing capabilities, spatial analysis capabilities and visual display capabilities. Particular attention was dedicated to the identification of the infrastructural network and accessibility, understood as essential to proposed development and implementation of the region’s potential. Was also created a three-dimensional TIN model of the area (Triangulated Irregular Network) (fig. 2). A TIN is a digital data structure used in a geographic information system (GIS) for the representation of a surface. A TIN is a vector-based representation of the physical land surface or sea bottom, made up of irregularly distributed nodes and lines with three-dimensional coordinates (x, y, and z) that are arranged in a network of nonoverlapping triangles. The territorial analysis conducted, besides defining a heritage of knowledge that makes consistent and overlapping data from different sources, have led to the definition of a preliminary strategic diagram, called “The gates of Pompeii” that traces a path along which will move the subsequent phases of the project development. 221

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One of the urban project area, located south ancient Pompei

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Urban and territorial planning As part of a study on the implementation of eco-tourism for the area of Pompeii, urban planning can play the role of background and reference to the necessary territorial changes, but also (and especially) for the protection of beautiful landscapes of this territory, but also as imaginary futuristic tank and programming tools [3]. The larger scale plan that provides standards and rules for the territory of the whole Campania region is the Piano Territoriale Regionale (Ptr), a plan that contains, above all, scenarios, frames and a strategic approach. To reduce conditions of uncertainty, about territorial knowledge and interpretation of the actions of different institutional operators or of other operators, Regional and Territorial Plan (Ptr) defines territorial and urban planning conditions by Development’s Territorial Systems. These are 49 sectors of regional territory each one with a specific identity in term of economics, cultural, heritage and possible development strategies. The Development’s Territorial System which refers to Pompeii, as well as to other archaeological areas of the site (Ercolano, Oplontis, Stabia), is so called “F3 - Miglio d’oro - Torrese stabiese” this Sts belongs to the type F: “Coastal systems of environmental, cultural and landscaping dominant”. At a provincial scale the referring plan is Piano Territoriale di Coordinamento (Ptc) that only adopted (but not yet approved) by the Città Metropolitana di Napoli. At the municipal level urban planning needs to be adapted and updated. Nearly all urban plans of the ten municipalities content in the F3 DTS are dated and contain strategies no longer in line with the most recent economic, cultural and social mutations. Especially evident is the lack of coordination between the different zoning rules of the plans of each municipality. The final strategies proposed by this research also suggest and give urban and territorial indications to the municipalities in the definition of new strategies and scenarios for their territory.

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Preliminary landscape plan

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Mobility network The infrastructural network of mobility (car, railway, by the sea), is strictly connected with all the development strategies, particularly those related to sustainable and eco-tourism. The Development’s Territorial System F3 is connected to the rest of the Campanian region and Italy through a lot of important transport routes. In detail, regarding the infrastructure, STS F3 is crossed by SS 18 Tirrenia inferiore route, on which connects SS 268 route after passing Boscotrecase, and by A3 Napoli-Pompei-Salerno highway. Interchanges serving the territory are S. Giorgio, Portici, Ercolano, Torre del Greco, Torre del Greco Nord, Torre Annunziata Sud, Torre Annunziata Nord and Pompei. The railway lines that cross the territorial system are: - Naples-Salerno railway; - Cancello-Torre Annunziata railway line; - Napoli-Torre Annunziata-Sorrento of the Circumvesuviana; - Torre Annunziata-Poggiomarino Circumvesuviana; The nearest airport is Naples-Capodichino that can be reached by car, via A3 highway or via A1-A3 highway, along about 17 km from Torre del Greco to Capodichino. About infrastructural planning there are several priority actions, but the most important are: strengthening and upgranding of A3 Napoli-Pompei-Salerno highway (now almost completed, and from which there are about 800.000 transit input at the exit of “Pompei”), and doubling of the Circumvesuviana railway from Pompeii to Castellammare di Stabia. Landscape as project The territorial and urban redevelopment projects, partly produced in the Laboratory of Urban Planning of the Department of Architecture of the Second University of Naples, are intended to regenerate some rural and urban areas on surrounding the large archaeological site of the ancient city of Pompeii. These are three major areas whose requalification may cause new connections to the archaeological site with the surrounding area. This is a territory rich in natural 225

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Municipal plans

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elements, agronomic and cultural great potential, but forgotten by tourism. All the landscape projects are characterized by the strengthening of the agricultural plot, of its use and integration of fragments of drosscape and browfields. Particular importance was given to mobility and light systems, giving priority to pedestrian trails, particularly efficient given the flat topography of the area. The new network of light mobility was also an opportunity for the elimination of infrastructural barrier, particularly those relating to rail. The project will eventually use the ancient territorial traces, as old canals, the plot land, the ancient road layout, farms, archaeological traces.

Bibliographical References CAMPANIA REGION. Piano Territoriale Regionale. Napoli, 2008. CORNER, James. Terra Fluxus. In Landscape Urbanism Reader: 2006. MIBAC. UGP. Piano Strategico per lo sviluppo delle aree comprese nel Piano di gestione del sito UNESCO “Aree archeologiche di Pompei, Ercolano e Torre Annunziata”. Rome-Pompeii. GUIDA, Giuseppe. Urban imagery. Metaphors, rhetoric and images in the urban projects. In AA.VV. Proceedings of Eurau 10. Venustas. Architecture, market, democracy. Napoli: Clean, 2011. RATTI, Carlo. Architettura Open Source. Verso una progettazione aperta. Torino: Einaudi, 2014.

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