Orientalizing Artifacts from Fraga dos Corvos Rock Shelter in North Portugal

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Orientalizing Artifacts from Fraga dos Corvos Rock Shelter in North Portugal E. Figueiredo abc; J. C. Senna-Martinez d; R. J. C. Silva c; M. F. Araújo a a Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear (ITN), Sacavém, Portugal b Departamento de Conservação e Restauro, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte de Caparica, Portugal c Centro de Investigação de Materiais (CENIMAT/I3N), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte de Caparica, Portugal d Centro de Arqueologia (Uniarq), Faculdade de Letras, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal Online Publication Date: 01 September 2009

To cite this Article Figueiredo, E., Senna-Martinez, J. C., Silva, R. J. C. and Araújo, M. F.(2009)'Orientalizing Artifacts from Fraga dos

Corvos Rock Shelter in North Portugal',Materials and Manufacturing Processes,24:9,949 — 954 To link to this Article: DOI: 10.1080/10426910902982508 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426910902982508

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Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 24: 949–954, 2009 Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 1042-6914 print/1532-2475 online DOI: 10.1080/10426910902982508

Orientalizing Artifacts from Fraga dos Corvos Rock Shelter in North Portugal E. Figueiredo1
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3 , J. C. Senna-Martinez4 , R. J. C. Silva3 , and M. F. Araújo1

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1 Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear (ITN), Sacavém, Portugal Departamento de Conservação e Restauro, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte de Caparica, Portugal 3 Centro de Investigação de Materiais (CENIMAT/I3N), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte de Caparica, Portugal 4 Centro de Arqueologia (Uniarq), Faculdade de Letras, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal

An unusual set of metallic artifacts with orientalizing character, attributed to a late period of the Late Bronze Age (LBA), was found in a shelter in Northern Portugal. Conventional and micro-energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses have been performed to determine the metal composition. The microstructures of some artifacts have also been studied under optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that most of the items are made of a copper–tin alloy with low lead content and show a recrystallized grained microstructure. Keywords Archaeometallurgy; Bronze; Iberian Peninsula; Late Bronze Age; Microstructure.

presence of Phoenicians on the Iberian coasts, are much scarcer than those on the earlier Atlantic tradition. Analyses of metallic items from the Phoenician site of Almaraz (on the western coast of Portugal) determined alloys with low Sn and variable Pb contents [7], which can be easily distinguished from the previous alloys used during the LBA. Analyses of numerous metallic items from the orientalizing site of Cancho Roano (southwest of Spain, dated to the middle of the first millennium B.C.) showed erratic alloy compositions, with highly variable concentrations of Sn and Pb [8]. More recent studies, concerning orientalizing sites dated to the 7–6th century B.C., as El Palomar and Medellín (Extremadura, Spain), determined Cu–Sn alloys with percentages and impurity patterns quite different from those of Cancho Roano (which has a later chronology). In both sites, the majority of the items were of bronze with