osteosarkoma

Osteosarcoma adalah sel mesenkim yang ganas yang mempunyai kemampuan untuk membentuk osteoid atau tulang yang imatur.MIND MAPPING OSTEOSARKOMA
Osteosarcoma adalah sel mesenkim yang ganas yang mempunyai kemampuan untuk membentuk osteoid atau tulang yang imatur.
MIND MAPPING OSTEOSARKOMA
Gejala umumAdanya rasa sakit, ketika beraktifitasnyeri pada tulang pada saat malam hari.Sering terjatuhBengkak, tergantung besar dan lokasi lesiGejala sistemikDemamBerkeringat pada malam hari ETIOLOGITraumaKarsinogenik ekstrinsikKarsinogenik kimiaVirus onkogenikHerediter PEMERIKSAAN PENUNJANGBiopsiPemeriksaan DarahCT Scan & MRIBone ScanAngiografi
Gejala umum
Adanya rasa sakit, ketika beraktifitas
nyeri pada tulang pada saat malam hari.
Sering terjatuh
Bengkak, tergantung besar dan lokasi lesi
Gejala sistemik
Demam
Berkeringat pada malam hari


ETIOLOGI
Trauma
Karsinogenik ekstrinsik
Karsinogenik kimia
Virus onkogenik
Herediter
PEMERIKSAAN PENUNJANG
Biopsi
Pemeriksaan Darah
CT Scan & MRI
Bone Scan
Angiografi


SUB CLASS OSTEOSARCOMAOsteolitik osteosarkomaOsteoblastik osteosarkomaTelangiektatik osteosarcoma
SUB CLASS OSTEOSARCOMA
Osteolitik osteosarkoma
Osteoblastik osteosarkoma
Telangiektatik osteosarcoma

PENATALAKSANAANKemoterapiOperasiFollow up post operasi (kemoterapi)
PENATALAKSANAAN
Kemoterapi
Operasi
Follow up post operasi (kemoterapi)
KOMPLIKASIAkibat langsung : Patah tulang Akibat tidak langsung : Penurunan berat badan, anemia, penurunan kekebalan tubuhAkibat pengobatan : Gangguan saraf tepi, penurunan kadar sel darah, kebotakan pada kemoterapi.
KOMPLIKASI
Akibat langsung : Patah tulang
 Akibat tidak langsung : Penurunan berat badan, anemia, penurunan kekebalan tubuh
Akibat pengobatan : Gangguan saraf tepi, penurunan kadar sel darah, kebotakan pada kemoterapi.




T categories of bone cancerT0: There is no evidence of a main (primary) tumor.T1: The tumor is 8 cm (around 3 inches) across or less.T2: The tumor is larger than 8 cm across.T3: The tumor has "skipped" to another site or sites within the same bone.N categories of bone cancerN0: The cancer has not spread to regional (nearby) lymph nodes.N1: The cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes.M categories of bone cancerM0: There is no spread (metastasis) to distant organs.M1a: The cancer has spread only to the lung.M1b: The cancer has spread to other distant sites in the body.Grades of bone cancerNote: The grades used for the AJCC system are different from those in the MSTS system.There are other differences between the systems as well. To avoid confusion, it may help toask your (child's) doctor which staging system he or she uses.GX: Grade can't be assessedG1, G2: Low gradeG3, G4: High gradeStage IAT1, N0, M0, G1 or G2 (or GX): The tumor is 8 cm across or less and is low grade (or the grade can't be assessed). It has not spread to nearby lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body.Stage IBT2-T3, N0, M0, G1 or G2 (or GX): The tumor is larger than 8 cm across or has "skipped" to other sites in the same bone. It is low grade (or the grade can't be assessed). It has not spread to nearby lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body.Stage IIAT1, N0, M0, G3 or G4: The tumor is 8 cm across or less and is high grade. It has not spread to nearby lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body.Stage IIBT2, N0, M0, G3 or G4: The tumor is larger than 8 cm across and is high grade. It has not spread to nearby lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body.Stage IIIT3, N0, M0, G3 or G4: The tumor has "skipped" to other sites in the same bone. It is high grade. It has not spread to nearby lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body.Stage IVAAny T, N0, M1a, any G: The tumor has spread only to the lungs. It has not spread to thelymph nodes or to other distant sites. (It can be any size or grade.)Stage IVB (if either of these applies)Any T, N1, any M, any G: The tumor has spread to lymph nodes. It can be any size orgrade, and might or might not have spread to other distant sites.Any T, any N, M1b, any G: The tumor has spread to distant sites other than the lung. It canbe any size or grade.
T categories of bone cancer
T0: There is no evidence of a main (primary) tumor.
T1: The tumor is 8 cm (around 3 inches) across or less.
T2: The tumor is larger than 8 cm across.
T3: The tumor has "skipped" to another site or sites within the same bone.
N categories of bone cancer
N0: The cancer has not spread to regional (nearby) lymph nodes.
N1: The cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes.
M categories of bone cancer
M0: There is no spread (metastasis) to distant organs.
M1a: The cancer has spread only to the lung.
M1b: The cancer has spread to other distant sites in the body.
Grades of bone cancer
Note: The grades used for the AJCC system are different from those in the MSTS system.
There are other differences between the systems as well. To avoid confusion, it may help to
ask your (child's) doctor which staging system he or she uses.
GX: Grade can't be assessed
G1, G2: Low grade
G3, G4: High grade

Stage IA
T1, N0, M0, G1 or G2 (or GX): The tumor is 8 cm across or less and is low grade (or the grade can't be assessed). It has not spread to nearby lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body.
Stage IB
T2-T3, N0, M0, G1 or G2 (or GX): The tumor is larger than 8 cm across or has "skipped" to other sites in the same bone. It is low grade (or the grade can't be assessed). It has not spread to nearby lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body.
Stage IIA
T1, N0, M0, G3 or G4: The tumor is 8 cm across or less and is high grade. It has not spread to nearby lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body.
Stage IIB
T2, N0, M0, G3 or G4: The tumor is larger than 8 cm across and is high grade. It has not spread to nearby lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body.
Stage III
T3, N0, M0, G3 or G4: The tumor has "skipped" to other sites in the same bone. It is high grade. It has not spread to nearby lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body.
Stage IVA
Any T, N0, M1a, any G: The tumor has spread only to the lungs. It has not spread to the
lymph nodes or to other distant sites. (It can be any size or grade.)
Stage IVB (if either of these applies)
Any T, N1, any M, any G: The tumor has spread to lymph nodes. It can be any size or
grade, and might or might not have spread to other distant sites.
Any T, any N, M1b, any G: The tumor has spread to distant sites other than the lung. It can
be any size or grade.