Pharmacoeconomics: Bangladesh Perspective

June 14, 2017 | Autor: P. Rahman | Categoria: Pharmacoeconomics
Share Embed


Descrição do Produto


Less effective
More cost


Less effective
Less cost


More effective
More cost


More effective
Less cost








Pharmacoeconomics: Bangladesh Perspective

Prof. Md Sayedur Rahman
Department of Pharmacology
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University
Weightage on 'Pharmacoeconomics and related topics' the Pharmacology portion of the MBBS Curriculum of Bangladesh

Item Total Pharmacoeconomics related
Topics 11 01
Lectures 100 06
Tutorials 20 00
Practicals 50 10
Clinical Case 20 00
Obtained from the Baseline Study Conducted by Dr Nargis Akhter Chowdhury, for her thesis titled "Cost-Effectiveness Issue in the Under-graduate Medical Education Programs: Assessment of Weightage, Reflection in Prescribing and Effect of ICT-based Feedback"
Pharmacoeconomics
Weightage given on 'price' issue in the MBBS Curriculum of Bangladesh

Never mentioned!
Pharmacoeconomics
Weightage given on 'cost' issue in the MBBS Curriculum of Bangladesh

Never mentioned!
Pharmacoeconomics
Weightage given on 'pharmacoeconomic' issue in the MBBS Curriculum of Bangladesh

Never mentioned!
Pharmacoeconomics
Weightage/importance given on Pharmacoeconomics and related issues in the MBBS Curriculum of Bangladesh
Pharmacoeconomics
Articles published with keyword
'pharmacoeconomic' in the Title/Abstract (searched in Banglajol)

No article!
Pharmacoeconomics
Articles published with keyword
'pharmacoeconomic' in the Title/Abstract only in 2015 (searched in Google Scholar)

96 articles!
Pharmacoeconomics
Articles published with keyword
'pharmacoeconomic' in the Title/Abstract (searched in Google Scholar)

2,630 articles!
Pharmacoeconomics
Articles published with keyword
'pharmacoeconomic' and 'Bangladesh' in the Title/Abstract (searched in PubMed)

No articles!!
Pharmacoeconomics
Weightage 'Pharmacoeconomics and related topics' in MBBS Examination
from 2010 to 2014

University Direct Indirect
Dhaka 0 % 5.43
Chittagong 0 % 5.52
Rajshahi 0 % 3.63
SUST 0 % 9.69
USTC 0 % 0.00
Gonobishwabiddyala 0 % 12.36
Obtained from the Baseline Study Conducted by Dr Nargis Akhter Chowdhury, for her thesis titled "Cost-Effectiveness Issue in the Under-graduate Medical Education Programs: Assessment of Weightage, Reflection in Prescribing and Effect of ICT-based Feedback"
Pharmacoeconomics
Weightage 'Pharmacoeconomics and related topics' in Postgraduate Examination of BSMMU from 2010/12 to 2014

Course Direct Indirect

MD (Internal Medicine) 0 % 0 %
MS (General Surgery) 0 % 0 %
DCH 0 % 0 %
DGO 0 % 0 %
Obtained from the Baseline Study Conducted by Dr Nargis Akhter Chowdhury, for her thesis titled "Cost-Effectiveness Issue in the Under-graduate Medical Education Programs: Assessment of Weightage, Reflection in Prescribing and Effect of ICT-based Feedback"
Pharmacoeconomics
Response of the teachers of BSMMU on query about Pharmacoeconomics/Cost-effectiveness (n=40)

Obtained from the Baseline Study Conducted by Dr Nargis Akhter Chowdhury, for her thesis titled "Cost-Effectiveness Issue in the Under-graduate Medical Education Programs: Assessment of Weightage, Reflection in Prescribing and Effect of ICT-based Feedback"
Have you discussed about cost-effectiveness in the class?

Regular Occasional Never
5-10 Y 4/11 7/11 0/11
>10 Y 10/29 18/29 1/29
Pharmacoeconomics

Thank You
Pharmacoeconomics

Watch out on Starboard !!

WAIT: We are in the middle of a conference on iceberg avoidance
TITANIC
Pharmacoeconomics
Please stop before you write name of any medicine!

Pharmacoeconomics
Just Thinking About Cost can
Bring Great Change

Pharmacoeconomics
Awareness about Pharmacoconomics
Physicians are concerned mostly on the efficacy of the medicine with lesser attention on the cost and safety.
It is assumed that the awareness of economic analysis among the prescribers, health managers and policy makers might be helpful to decide and choose the best option in order to ensure optimum utilization of resources.
Pharmacoeconomics
Response of the teachers of BSMMU on query about Pharmacoeconomics/Cost-effectiveness (n=40)

Obtained from the Baseline Study Conducted by Dr Nargis Akhter Chowdhury, for her thesis titled "Cost-Effectiveness Issue in the Under-graduate Medical Education Programs: Assessment of Weightage, Reflection in Prescribing and Effect of ICT-based Feedback"
How do you evaluate the skill of Bangladeshi doctors about cost-effectiveness?

Excellent Good Lacking
5-10 Y 0/11 10/11 1/11
>10 Y 1/29 20/29 8/29
Pharmacoeconomics
Response of the teachers of BSMMU on query about Pharmacoeconomics/Cost-effectiveness (n=40)

Obtained from the Baseline Study Conducted by Dr Nargis Akhter Chowdhury, for her thesis titled "Cost-Effectiveness Issue in the Under-graduate Medical Education Programs: Assessment of Weightage, Reflection in Prescribing and Effect of ICT-based Feedback"
Do you ask about cost-effectiveness in the examinations?

Regularly Occasional Never
5-10 Y 0/11 4/11 7/11
>10 Y 3/29 17/29 9/29
Pharmacoeconomics
Response of the teachers of BSMMU on query about Pharmacoeconomics/Cost-effectiveness (n=40)

Obtained from the Baseline Study Conducted by Dr Nargis Akhter Chowdhury, for her thesis titled "Cost-Effectiveness Issue in the Under-graduate Medical Education Programs: Assessment of Weightage, Reflection in Prescribing and Effect of ICT-based Feedback"
Do you think the way cost-effectiveness mentioned in the Textbook is adequate?

Yes No
5-10 Y 0/11 11/11
>10 Y 0/29 29/29
Pharmacoeconomics
Articles published with keyword
'pharmacoeconomic' in the Title/Abstract only in 2015 (searched in PubMed)

Pharmacoeconomics
110 articles!
Articles published with keyword
'pharmacoeconomic' and 'Bangladesh' in the Title/Abstract (searched in Google Scholar)

No articles!!
Pharmacoeconomics

Pharmacoeconomics as a research issue in medical science
Pharmacoeconomics
Cost-utility Analysis

Method for comparing treatment alternatives
Focuses on increased quality of life
Measures an intervention's effect on both quantitative and qualitative aspects of health
Pharmacoeconomics
Cost-benefit Analysis


Identification, measurement and comparison of the benefits and cost of therapeutic alternatives
Express benefit and cost in monetary unit
Pharmacoeconomics
Articles published with keyword
'pharmacoeconomic' in the Title/Abstract (searched in PubMed)

2,384 articles!
Pharmacoeconomics
New Cancer Therapy (cont.)

Pharmacoeconomics
50 patients each year (per hospital)
Medicine x: 50 x Taka 1,750 = Taka 87,500
Medicine y: 50 x Taka 2,000 = Taka 1,00,000
Medicine budget for x or y = Taka 50,000
Number of patient
Medicine x: Taka 50,000 / 1,750 = 28.5 patients
Medicine y: Taka 50,000 / 2,000 = 25.0 patients
Survival in days
Medicine x: 28.5 patients x 300 days = 8,550 days
Medicine y: 25.0 patients x 400 days = 10,000 days
Survival in TWiST
Medicine x: 28.5 patients x 190 TWiST = 5,415 days
Medicine y: 25.0 patients x 220 TWiST = 5,500 days
New Cancer Therapy

Pharmacoeconomics
Symptoms Drug X Drug Y

Survival days 300 400
Days sick of chemotherapy 10 150
Days sick of disease 100 30
TWiST 190 220
Time Without Symptoms of disease and
subjective Toxic effects of treatment
Cost-effectiveness Analysis
Pharmacoeconomics
Less More
Cost
More
Less
Effectiveness
Cost-effectiveness Analysis

Compare intervention with different efficacy and safety as well as different outcome
Cost expressed in monetary value
Effect expressed in natural units, eg., mm of Hg blood pressure lowering, lowering of pain in unit of VAS scale
Pharmacoeconomics
What are the aims of pharmacoeconomics?

Aim 1: Evaluation of the cost and effect of pharmaceutical products
Aim 2: Optimization of the resource allocation in health sector
Pharmacoeconomics
What is pharmacoeconomics?
Pharmacoeconomics is the branch of economics related to the most economical and efficient use of pharmaceuticals. Economic approaches are applied to pharmaceuticals to guide the use of limited resources to yield maximum value to patients, health care payers and society in general.
Pharmacoeconomics
Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY)
How much a person have to pay to increase his/her life expectancy for each year, along with considering the quality of life
Calculation: 1 QALY= 1 year of life × 1 year of utility value

Pharmacoeconomics
Cost-minimization Analysis

Appropriate when alternative therapies have equal efficacy, safety, tolerability and have identical outcome, but different costs.
Estimates costs of an intervention, but not benefits
Choose the least cost alternative among equivalent efficacious alternatives
Pharmacoeconomics

Pharmacoeconomics as a guiding principle for evaluation of medicine around the world
Pharmacoeconomics
Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY)
A measure of health gap
Considers the proportion of disability and benefit of treatment by virtue of expenditure

Calculation:
DALY = YLL × YLD
YLL Years of Life Lost due to premature mortality
YLD Years of Life Lost due to Disability
Pharmacoeconomics
South Africa

Pharmacoeconomics
Malaysia

Pharmacoeconomics
Cuba

Pharmacoeconomics
USA

Though pharmacoeconomics has started it's journey as a division in an academic institution like Harvard, that received very limited acceptance by the Government of USA!
Pharmacoeconomics
Australia

Pharmacoeconomics
Economic evaluation is one factor to be considered when making choices between competing therapeutic modalities
China

Pharmacoeconomics
Belgium

Pharmacoeconomics
Calculation of Cost
Valuation of Outcome
Canada

Pharmacoeconomics
Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
17-Dec-15

#
17-Dec-15

#
Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
Click to edit Master text styles
17-Dec-15

#
Click to edit Master title style

Click to edit Master text styles
17-Dec-15

#
Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
17-Dec-15

#
Click to edit Master title style
17-Dec-15

#
Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
Click to edit Master text styles
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
17-Dec-15

#
Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
17-Dec-15

#
Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles
17-Dec-15

#
Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
17-Dec-15

#
Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master subtitle style
17-Dec-15

#
Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
17-Dec-15

#

17-Dec-15

Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level

#
Less effective
More cost
Less effective
Less cost
More effective
More cost
More effective
Less cost

Lihat lebih banyak...

Comentários

Copyright © 2017 DADOSPDF Inc.