Potential Distributions and Utilization of Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br 1844) on Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara

July 28, 2017 | Autor: Sis Ady | Categoria: Ecology
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FOREST AND BIODIVERSITY

PROCEEDING INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 5-6 JULY 2013

Editors: Ir. Martina Langi, M.Sc, P.hD Ir. Johny S.Tasirin, M.ScF, P.hD Dr. Ir. Hengky Walangitan, MP Dr. Gaetan Masson

Organized by: Manado Forestry Research Institute Collaboration with: Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency Sam Ratulangi University Global Environment Facility Burung Indonesia Government of North Sulawesi Province SEAMEO BIOTROP

i

ISBN 978-602-96800-6-5

PROCEEDING INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “FOREST AND BIODIVERSITY”

Manado, 2013 Publised in 2013

Cover: 1.Julang Sulawesi, 2.Burung Manguni, 3.Angrek 4.Buah Jabon, 5.Capung, 6.Anoa Photo by: 1. Thomas Arndt, 2. Diah Irawati Dwi Arini 3,5. Hanom Bashari, 4. Julianus Kinho, 6. Syamsir Shabri

Design and Layout: Eva Betty Sinaga and Lulus Turbianti

Published by: Manado Forestry Research Institute Jl. Raya Adipura Kel. Kima Atas Kec. Mapanget Manado Telp. 0431-3666683 Email: [email protected] Website: www.bpk-manado.litbang.dephut.go.id

Printed by: IPB Press

ii

PREFACE As one the countries have known with high biodiversity because of condition of an equatorial climatic zones, Indonesia faced a variety of challenges. From about 5 million number of biodiversity in the world, 15 % of which were in Indonesia, but its utility is still below 5 % of that amount. Understanding and adequate management and extends the thing will become increasingly vital to the increasingly growing needs. In addition, any delay in step can be made Indonesia vulnerable to damage ecosystem/environment and natural resources biodiversity theft (biopiracy). Documentation of the database (database) can be the least initial capital to rescue the genetic resources that exist in our country. The proper allocation need to be held so that we are not dependent on donor countries. Further to the agreed forms of biodiversity management. The management o biodiversity can be started from the mapping, especially to determine potential areas and require treatment. With that “wealth map”, can be an economic interpretation would lead to the financial value of biodiversity Indonesia. In addition, need to also map type and the type of threats to the conservation of forest biodiversity. Organization of international seminar on this theme of “Forest and Biodiversity” is the embodiment of one the function of Manado institute research forestry namely is the service data and information science and technology research results to communities of users. The ultimate goal is to be achieved can raise and answer the needs users, for research in the future are solution for the existing problems. Prosiding contains 24 title matter discussed and 20 matter supporting and the formulation seminar based on On this occasion, we express our thanks to Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency, Sam Ratulangi University, Global Environment Facility (GEF), Burung Indonesia, The Government of North Sulawesi Province and SEAMEO.the result of discussion. Post, publisher of material, comittee of organized, moderator, all participant has helped to conduct seminar until constituent of proceeding. Hopefully this proceed is usefull.

Manado, August 2013 Head of Manado Forestry Research Institute

Dr.Ir. Mahfudz, MP NIP. 19670829 199203 1 004

iii

TIM PENYUNTING Penanggung Jawab

: Dr.Ir. Mahfudz, MP

Redaktur

: Ir. Eva Betty Sinaga, MP

Editor

: Dr. Ir. Martina Langi, M.Sc Dr. Ir. Johny S.Tasirin, M.ScF Dr. Ir. Hengky Walangitan, MP Dr. Gaetan Masson

Sekretariat

: Lulus Turbianti, S.Hut. Farid Fahmi, S.Kom. Angelina Lenak, S.S

iv

CONTENT Preface ......................................................................................................................... Content ......................................................................................................................... Remarks Laporan Ketua Panitia .................................................................................................... Sambutan Gubernur Provinsi Sulawesi Utara .................................................................... Sambutan Menteri Kehutanan ......................................................................................... Rumusan ......................................................................................................................

iii v ix xii xvii xxi

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF FOREST BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION The Effect of Submersion and Fruit Treatment to Seed Germination and Initial Growth of Bintaro (Cerbera Manghas Linn) Seedling Cecep Kusmana, Satriavi Putri Asrinata, and Edje Djamhuri ..................................

03-16

Nesting Ecology and Strategic Natural Treatment for The Nest of The Critically Endangered Yellow-Crested Cockatoo Cacatua sulphurea citrinocristata in Sumba Hanom Bashari ..........................................................................................................

17-32

Conservation strategy of Siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus Raffles, 1821) at Dolok Sipirok Natural Reserve and surrounding area Rozza Tri Kwatrina, Wanda Kuswanda, Titiek Setyawati ........................................

33-48

Nest Characteristics and Prospect of Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus morio) Corridor Establishment in Menamang Forest, East Kalimantan Indonesia Tri Sayektiningsih, Yaya Rayadin, Amir Ma’ruf, dan Ishak Yassir ...........................

49-58

Correlation Between Sialang Tree Diveristy (Nest of Apis dorsata Fabr.) to Honey Productivity in Siak Regency – Riau Province Avry Pribadi and Purnomo .........................................................................................

59-68

Options for The Biodiversity Conservation of Gunung Lumut Protection Forest East Kalimantan Tri Wira Yuwati, Gerard Persoon and San Afri Awang .............................................

69-80

The Ability of Adaptation and Early Growth of Nine Types of Diospyros in Exitu Conservation in North Sulawesi Julianus Kinho ............................................................................................................

81-92

Diversity and conservation status of mammals in Labanan research forest, East Kalimantan, Indonesia Tri Atmoko, Nurul S. Lestari, and Lipu ......................................................................

93-106

Adaptability and Growth Diversity of Merbau ( Intsia bijuga) in Ex Situ Conservation Plot at 3 Years Old Tri Pamungkas Yudohartono, Mahfudz, and Hamdan Adma Adinugraha ............... 107-114 The Growth Variation of Several Sandalwood (Santalum album Linn.) Populations After Six Years In Gunung Kidul Ari Fiani dan Yuliah .................................................................................................... 115-120

v

Strategy to Establishment of Ex-Situ Genetic Resources Conservation Plots of Eboni (Diospyros celebica Bakh) Prastyono ................................................................................................................... 121-132 Evaluation of Ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsm & Binn) Health at KHDTK Sumberwringin in Bondowoso for Supporting Ironwood Genetic Conservation Yuliah.......................................................................................................................... 133-143 Bird Species Richness on the Wae Wuul Nature Reserve : Using Simple Method in Helping the Official Authority do Long-Term Monitoring Feri Irawan ................................................................................................................. 145-164 Potential Distributions and Utilization of Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br 1844) on Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara Siswadi, Grace S. Saragih dan Heny Rianawati ........................................................ 165-172 Impact of the Presence of Invasive Species on Biodiversity and Conservation Management Diah Irawati Dwi Arini ............................................................................................... 173-188 The Daily Behaviour of Nuri Talaud (Eos histrio) in Captivity of Manado Forestry Research Center Anita Mayasari dan Ady Suryawan ............................................................................ 189-196 Seedling Process Technique of Cempaka Wasian (Elmerrellia ovalis Miq. Dandy) as a Local Potential Wood in North Sulawesi Arif Irawan and Hanif Nurul Hidayah ....................................................................... 197-202 The Effect of Sowing Media, Early Treatment of Seed, and Covering to the Germination of Gmelina arborea Hanif Nurul Hidayah dan Arif Irawan ....................................................................... 203-206 Survival Rate of Mangrove Rehabilitation in Abraded Small Island Using Variation of Age and Species Ady Suryawan ............................................................................................................ 207-214 Conservation of Populations of Petung Bamboos (Dendrocalamus asper) M. Charomaini and Anto Rimbawanto ...................................................................... 215-220 QUANTIFICATION VALUE AND BENEFIT OF BIODIVERSITY Invasive Plant Species Risk Management for Forestry Sector in Indonesia Soekisman Tjitrosemito, Titiek Setyawati, Adi Susmianto .............................................

223-236

Economy Study and Standard Price of Community-based Plantation Forest Products Kristian Mairi ....................................................................................................................

237-260

Comparative Analysis of Several Quota Calculation Methods for Wildlife Sustainable Harvesting in Natural Habitats Yanto Santosa ..................................................................................................................

261-272

Policy Analysis of Forest Management in Order to Optimize Economic and Ecological Function of Land Resources in The Catchment Area of Lake Tondano Hengki Djemie Walangitan ..............................................................................................

vi

273-288

Adaptation Pattern of Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus) in Cajuput Swamp Forest Hadi S. Alikodra and Reni Srimulyaningsih .....................................................................

289-230

Flora Diversity Loss in the Bioregion of Sulawesi Elizabeth A. Widjaja and Bayu A. Pratama ......................................................................

301-320

An Approach in Ecosystem Valuation: A Case of the Mahawu Protected Forest Martina A. Langi ...............................................................................................................

321-324

The Cost Analysis of Sustainable Electrification Study Case: Community-Based Micro Hydro in Cibuluh Village, Mt. Simpang Nature Reserve Hilda Lionata ....................................................................................................................

325-334

Financial Analysis of the Combination of Wood Plants with Coconaut (Cocos nucifera. Linneaeus) Plants in Sulut Case Study at Mapanget District in Manado City La Ode Asier .....................................................................................................................

335-344

Terentang (Campnosperma auriculata Hook. F) : Alternative Species for Light Construction Purposes and Pulp Materials from Peat Swamp Forest in Central Kalimantan Dewi Alimah .....................................................................................................................

345-356

SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES The Role of Local Botanic Gardens in Reducing the Rate of Flora Diversity Loss Sugiarti, Joko Ridho Witono, Lyndle Hardstaff ..............................................................

359-370

Identification of Determinant Societal Variables for Successful Bali Mynah (Leucopsar rothschildi) Conservation Intan Purnamasari ...........................................................................................................

371-384

Positive Environmental Deviance: a Valuable Community Empowerment Tool in Protected Area Management Arzyana Sunkar ................................................................................................................

385-396

Vegetation Composition and Ecological Condition of Secondary Vegetation Natural Forest at Bukit Naga, KHDTK Rantau, South Kalimantan Fatimah Fitriana and Sudin Panjaitan ............................................................................. 397- 416

Utilization of Alternative Fibrous Stuffs for Pulp and Paper to Secure the Sustainability of Natural Resources Han Roladi, Dian Anggraini Indrawan & Rossi Margareth Tampubolon ........................

417-442

Utilization of Natural Plant by The North Sulawesi Community as a Lowering of Diabetic Lis Nurrani and Julianus Kinho ........................................................................................

442-452

The Succession on Grassland and Under of Johar (Casia siamea), Pinus (Pinus Jung et de Vr) Stand on Forest Research Rantau Sudin Panjaitan and Syarkani Yudi .................................................................................

vii

453-470

Potential Distributions and Utilizationof Foloak ….. Siswadi, Grace s. Saragih, & Heny R.

Potential Distributions and Utilization of Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br 1844) on Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara1 Siswadi2, Grace S. Saragih2 dan Heny Rianawati2

ABSTRACT Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br 1844) included in the Malvaceae family, grow on semi-arid land at altitude of 0-900 mdpl and can reach a height of 20m. East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) is one of the origin distribution of faloak. People in Timor utilize faloak bark as traditional medicine and harvest it from trees that grow naturally. Harvesting is done by peeling the bark, therefore it is difficult to find a smooth faloak trunk. The purpose of this research was to gather information of faloak benefits as medicinal plants and its potential distributions in Timor, NTT. Methods used in this research were vegetation survey and interview. The result of Faloak vegetation analysis showed faloak potential distributions in the Timor island in each district and city as follow; Belu 6.25 trees / ha, TTU 1.4 trees / ha, TTS 14.16 trees / ha, Kupang 7.95 trees/ha and Kupang city 4.84 trees/ ha. The result of ethnobotany study showed that people in Timor use faloak as herbal medicine to cure diseases such as liver diseases, cancer, gastroenteritis, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and as red blood cell booster. Keywords: Herbal, Ethnobotany, Timor, Faloak I. INTRODUCTION Nowadays, back to nature concept has become part of lifestyle. People tend to choose herbal medicine to maintain their health. Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida) is one of the medicinal plant used by people on Timor island. Faloak is deciduous plant, included in the Malvaceae family, can grow in semi-arid climate (wet months 3-4 months and dry months 6-9 months) and at an altitude of 0-900 m above sea level. Distribution of faloak / red-fruit Kurrajong are

Australia (Western Australia,

Queensland, New South Wales) and Papua New Guinea, while the information of faloak distributions in Indonesia is not yet available. However, plenty of faloak can be found on Timor Island, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT). In Timor, the bark of faloak believed to cure various diseases such as liver, cancer, diabetes, and digestive disorders. Most people harvest the faloak bark from trees that grow naturally.

1

Supporting paper in International Conference on Forest and Biodiversity‖ organized by Manado Forestry Research Institute cooperated with Sam Ratulangi University, Secretariat of Forestry Research and Development Agency, Global Environment Facility (GEF), Burung Indonesia, Government of North Sulawesi Province and SEAMEO BIOTROP. Manado 5 July 2013.

2

Kupang Forsetry Research Institute, Jln. Untung Surapati No. 7 Kupang Nusa Tenggara Timur Telepon (+62-380) 823357 email : [email protected] Fax (+62-380) 831068

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Therefore, it is necesary to gather information of faloak distribution and its utilization as a base in developing faloak as NTT province's herbal medicine in the future. II. METHODOLOGY A. Description of Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br 1844) On Timor island Faloak tree can reach height up to 15 m or more, it has spreading canopy, light gray bark, and secreted transparent sap when slashed. Flowering season is between April - June and fruiting season is between June to October each year. Leaf shape obtuse or acuminate, The fruit is densely stellate hairy on the outer surface, yellow, red or orange when mature and pods will open, contains 4-8 black glossy seeds. Seeds are ellipsoid, fleshy, each size approximately 10mm, can be eaten, and tastes like raw nuts.

Figure 1. Faloak Tree

Figure 2. Faloak fruit and seeds

Faloak has hipogeal germination type and scarification process can be done by soaking seeds in cold water for 12 hours. On Timor island, Faloak can be found in all districts, besides that, base on a vegetation survey also noted that faloak can be found on Sumba island and on Ngada district, Flores Island (Russell-Smith, et al, 2006). On Timor Leste S. quadrifida called 'komila' (Mau, 2010). The taxonomy of faloak: Division: Angiosperms Ordo: Malvales Family: Malvaceae Genus: Sterculia Species: Sterculia quadrifida R.Br (1844) B. Description of the Location Research was carried out in five districts on Timor Island (East Nusa Tenggara): Kupang city, Kupang district, Timor Tengah Selatan district, Timor Tengah Utara district and Belu district on April until December 2011. C. Data Collection and Analysis The study was conducted by using vegetation analysis method to determine the potential distributions of faloak, and interview to collect ethnobotany data (part of faloak which respondent

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International Conference on Forest and Biodiversity, 5 July 2013

Potential Distributions and Utilizationof Foloak ….. Siswadi, Grace s. Saragih, & Heny R. use, kind of diseases that can be cured by faloak and how to use faloak). Soil chemical and physical analyses was done to gather information of faloak grow site characteristics. Faloak potential distributions was analyzed using Important Value Index (IVI). According to Dumbois and Ellenberg (1974) determination of the sample plot carried out by random sampling. Important Value Index indicate whether a species dominating a particular area or region. Higher IVI indicates higher domination of a species in an area, with the range score of IVI is 0 to 300 for the pole and tree level. While the result of interview were tabulated and analyzed descriptively. Information collected through interviews were regarding gathering, preparation, and use of Faloak. III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A. Exploration On Timor Island Exploration was carried out on Timor island, including Belu district, Timur Tengah Utara (TTU) district, Timur Tengah Selatan (TTS) district, Kupang district and Kupang city to determine the potential distributions of faloak on Timor. The results of faloak exploration on Timor are presented in Table 1 and Figure 1. Table 1. Faloak's Potential Distributions in 5 Districts Location

Density (tree/ha)

Topography

Elevation (m)

Belu district

6,25

Steep slope

0-350

TTU district

1,4

Gentle slope

50-390

TTS district

14,16

Hilly

100- 176

Kupang district

7,95

Hilly

0-420

Kupang city

4,84

Gentle slope

0-300

Source: Primary data (2011)

Based on Table 1 and Figure 1, it is shown that the highest potential distribution of faloak is in the TTS district

(14.16 trees / ha), while the lowest potential in the TTU (1.4 trees / ha). Potential

distribution of Faloak in Belu district are 6.25 trees/ ha; Kupang district of 7.94 trees / ha and Kupang city 4.84 trees / ha.

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Figure 1. Map of Research Location Faloak can grow in different types of land slope, from flat to steep slope. It is commonly found near streams, probably faloak seeds carried away by the water, then spread and grow along the river flow. Faloak trees in some districts relatively in good condition because there is no exploitation by the community. There are some plants plants that were found grow around faloak, such as ; kesambi (Schleichera oleosa), kasuarina (Casuarina junghuniana), kabesak (Acacia leucophloea), pulai (Alstonia scholaris), jati (Tectona grandis), ketapang hutan (Terminalia copelandii), papi (Exocarpus

latifolia), and kunfatu (Celtis wightii). Table 2. Soil Physical Analyses No.

Sample

Sand

Silt (%)

Clay (%)

Texture

(%) 1.

Kupang city 1

81,33

10,00

8,67

Loamy sand

2.

Kupang city 2

79,33

6,00

14,67

Sandy loam

3.

Kupang district 3

82,67

9,33

8,00

Loamy sand

4.

Bena, TTS district

45,33

24,00

30,67

Clay loam

5.

Kuan, TTS district

58,67

20,67

20,67

Sandy clay loam

6.

Kapan, TTS district

46,00

24,67

29,33

Sandy clay loam

7.

Banamlaat, TTU

75,33

12,00

12,67

Sandy loam

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International Conference on Forest and Biodiversity, 5 July 2013

Potential Distributions and Utilizationof Foloak ….. Siswadi, Grace s. Saragih, & Heny R. No.

Sample

Sand

Silt (%)

Clay (%)

10,00

13,33

Texture

(%) 8.

Kab. Belu

76,67

Sandy loam

Source: Physic and Chemical Laboratory, Nusa Cendana University (2011)

According to Moor (1998), sandy clay loam soil is one of the average soil types, which required minimum treatment and can be very productive, has good aeration and drainage. This soil type was found in TTS district, which has the highest faloak potential distribution. Meanwhile, sandy loam and loamy sand types tend to be acid, need watering and extra nutrient. Clay loam type has higher water holding capacity so it is more difficult to manage when wet. Table 3. Soil Chemical Analyses No.

Sample

C-Org. (%)

N (%)

P (Bray) (ppm)

K (me/100 g)

1.

Kupang City 1

3,62 (High)

0,44 (Medium)

112,31 (Very High)

1,61 (Low)

2.

Kupang City 2

5,40 (Very High)

0,84 (very High)

105,11 (Very High)

1,70 (Low)

3.

Camplong, Kupang District

Unmeasurable

0,26 (Medium)

17,32 (Medium)

1,59 (Low)

4.

Bena, TTS District

Unmeasurable

0,15 (Low)

48,54 (Very High)

1,58 (Low)

5.

Kuan,TTS District

Unmeasurable

0,35 (Medium)

25,31 (Medium)

1,59 (Low)

0,68 (Very High)

0,44 (Medium)

87,58 (Very High)

1,74 (Low)

Unmeasurable

0,11 (Low)

32,67 (High)

1,63 (Low)

Unmeasurable

0,20 (Low)

23,77 (Medium)

1,56 (Low)

6. 7.

Kapan, TTS District Banamlaat , TTU DIstrict Belu District

8.

Ca (me/100 g) 28,01 (Very High) 27,45 (Very High) 29,43 (Very High) 34,11 (Very High) 35,86 (Very High) 34,02 (Very High 38,85 (Very High) 33,10 (Very High)

KTK (me/100 g)

pH

35,32 (High)

6,44 (Acidic)

38,40 (High)

6,37 (Acidic)

32,04 (High)

7,52 (Basic)

33,45 (High)

7,81 (Basic)

34,71 (High)

7,63 (Basic)

32,59 (High)

7,45 (Neutral)

33,45 (High)

7,88 (Basic)

36,82 (High)

7,13 (Neutral)

Standard: Soil Research Center, 1983 in Hardjowigeno, S. (1995)

The soil chemical analysis results indicate that faloak grow in the range of pH 6.37 (slightly acid) - 7, 88 (slightly alkaline).

Soil conditions at all locations is in natural condition and there is no

fertilization activities and other land preparation activities. In general, both physical and chemical characteristics of the soil at all site showed little differences.

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B. Ethnobotany Study In order to gather information of the usage of faloak, ethno botany study was conducted in Kupang City, Kupang district, TTS district, TTU district and Belu district. There are 23 people interviewed; 18 people are user and 5 people are herbalist. Part of faloak which is used as raw materials for herbal medicine is its bark. Few respondents bought faloak bark from the land owner and others harvest it for free. However, none of the respondents tried to domesticate Faloak. Most of the users take faloak as medicine for liver diseases, cancer, gastroenteritis, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and as red blood cell booster. Generally, traditional Timorese people make faloak decoction by adding other ingredients and boiled it using a clay pot. Limes, turmeric and brown sugar are common ingredients which added to faloak decoction. A herbalist in Kupang have a recipe to cure diseases such as rheumatism, liver diseases and other diseases; 350 gr of faloak bark cooked along with 25 gr turmeric, 15 gr ginger, 15 gr garlic, 2 gr dried cloves, 12 gr lemongrass, 8 gr cinnamon and 50 gr kaempferia galanga. All ingredients boiled in 5 cups of water (1. 250 ml) for 20 minutes that will produce approximately 1,000 ml of decoction. Leftover decoction can be boiled again just by adding some water, it can be repeated for 1 to 4 times as long as decoction color stays red. Every society has its own ways in utilizing faloak, where most people only use faloak bark without adding other ingredients, for example in South Amanuban subdistrict. As the result of ethnobotany study at five districts and city, it can be said that people do utilizing faloak, but some prefer to not sharing the information because they did not want this knowledge widely spread. First reason, few person want to keep this information exclusively for themselves. Second reason, some people did not want to be blamed or responsible if someone consumed faloak's decoction and did not cure or had side effect. However, there are no respondent that stated the side effect of consuming faloak's decoction. In TTS district, faloak utilization was limited among few people. People in this district tend to kept the information of faloak's decoction, because they worried about the risk of consuming faloak's decoction to cure liver diseases. Some respondent willing to share their knowledge of faloak's usefulness to cure some diseases because they also had experience that their disease was cured by taking faloak decoction. One respondent said that he had liver disease in 2001 and someone gave him faloak's decoction, then his liver disease was cured.

From the

interview, several respondent said that faloak's decoction could cure liver diseases in 2 weeks to 3 months. In TTU district, the information of faloak usage as herbal medicine was brought by people from Kupang and TTS district. IV. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION A. CONCLUSION Potential distributions of faloak in Timor was as follow; at Belu district 6.25 trees / ha, TTU district 1.4 trees / ha, TTS district 14.16 trees / ha, Kupang district 7.95 and Kupang minicipalities 4.84 / ha. There are some threats to the preservation of faloak as in the TTS district and Kupang district, faloak trees was cut down for building materials. While in Belu dictrict and Kupang city, utilization of faloak bark is very intensive.

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International Conference on Forest and Biodiversity, 5 July 2013

Potential Distributions and Utilizationof Foloak ….. Siswadi, Grace s. Saragih, & Heny R. Peopole in Timor use Faloak as natural remedy to cure liver diseases, cancer, gastroenteritis, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and as red blood cell booster. B. Recommendation Considering the intensive utilization of faloak and its potential benefit, further research regarding active compounds, sustainable harvesting and domestication technique should be done. The provincial government may added Faloak as species for "Kebun Bibit Rakyat" (People Seedling Orchard) program, since Faloak is local species, and has adaptability in NTT province. REFFERENCES Hardjowigeno, S. 1985. Klasifikasi Tanah dan Lahan. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI). 2012 Hasil Identifikasi/determinasi Tumbuhan. Herbarium Bogoriensis . Bogor Mau, R. 2010. Ecosystem And Community Based Model For Zonation In Nino Konis Santana Park, Timor-Leste. Thesis. Graduate School Bogor Agricultural University. Bogor

National

Mueller-Dombois, D., and H.Ellenberg. 1974. Aims and Methods of Vegetation Ecology. Wiley, New York. Moor,

F. 1998. Characteristics of Different Soil http://web.bethere.co.uk/fm/soil/formed/f0108.htm

Types.

The

World

of

Soil.

Russell-Smith, J., S. Djoeroemana, J. Maan and P. Pandanga. 2007. Rural Livelihoods and Burning Practices in Savanna Landscapes of Nusa Tenggara Timur, Eastern Indonesia. Hum Ecol (2007) 35:345–359.

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