PROTO-NOSTRATIC NATUFIAN AND PROTO-AFRO-ASIATIC NORTHERN AFRICA

PROTO-NOSTRATIC NATUFIAN AND PROTO-AFRO-ASIATIC NORTHERN AFRICA Iurii Mosenkis Linguistic, genetic, archaeological, and art evidences may be summarized in the hypotheses of ProtoNostratic Natufian and Proto-Afro-Asiatic Northern Africa

The Natufian culture might be Proto-Nostratic, i. e. Kartvelian-Dravidian-UralicAltaic-Indo-European; the mentioned order of branches reflected possible order of divergence. If an alternative hypothesis of the Natufian homeland of Afro-Asiatic will be accepted then the identification of the Nostratic homeland will be impossible. The Proto-Afro-Asiatic homeland have been located in Northern and North-Eastern Africa (in relation to the Saharan Paradise), probably included the south of the Arabian Peninsula because of 1) the greater diversity of languages with more distant relationships to each other in Africa,1 2) proto-Afro-Asiatic words for marsh and river territory2 (but cf. ancient Syria), 3) the relationship between Afro-Asiatic and the Niger-Congo languages,3 and 4) the archaeogenetic evidence,4 e. g., Afro-Asiatic E-M35 / E1b1b1 haplogroup of YDNA as a part of African E haplogroup. Natufian was influenced by a Sub-Saharan people, possible E1b1b.5 The contacts between Afro-Asiatic and North Caucasian were Proto-Afro-Asiatic– Proto-Sino-Caucasian or late, after the split of Proto-North Caucasian.6 The J. Nichols’ principle. Орел В. Э. Cf. the ecology of the Fayum (Qarunian) culture and Sahara: Кобищанов Ю. М. На заре цивилизации: Африка в древнейшем мире, М.: Мысль, 1981. The Capsians were related to the Berbers antropologically http://sv-scena.ru/athenaeum/zagadki-antropologii.Paragraf-1-2-1-5-17.html The selfname of the Berbers, Amazigh sing., Imazigen pl., was interpreted as the Lybian Amazons. 3 Lipiński, Edward (2001). Semitic Languages: Outline of a Comparative Grammar. Peeters Publishers, p. 43 4 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Afroasiatic ; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroasiatic_Urheimat 5 Brace CL, Seguchi N, Quintyn CB et al. (January 2006). "The questionable contribution of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age to European craniofacial form". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103 (1): 242–7, http://www.pnas.org/content/103/1/242.full ; Ricaut, F. X, Waelkens, M. (October 2008). "Cranial discrete traits in a Byzantine population and eastern Mediterranean population movements". Human Biology 80 (5): 535–64. ‘The evidence strongly suggests that the male lineage most strongly associated with Afroasiatic, E-M35, clearly has an origin far from the Levant, in Africa [Sudan]. In Africa, the Levant, and the Arabian Peninsula, E-M35 is strongly associated with Afroasiatic languages, with the strongest links being in a great curve from the Maghreb to the Horn of Africa. In Anatolia and Europe this association is not apparent. Northern and Eastern Iberia appear to show signs of immigration which combined Middle Eastern and North African roots, and was possibly associated with the Neolithic Cardial culture,’ Lancaster, Andrew (2009). "Y Haplogroups, Archaeological Cultures and Language Families: a Review of the Multidisciplinary Comparisons using the case of EM35," Journal of Genetic Genealogy 5 (1), http://www.jogg.info/51/files/Lancaster.pdf Cf.: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_E-M215_(Y-DNA) E-M35 = E1b1b1 6 Kassian, A. S. Hattic as a Sino-Caucasian language, Ugarit-Forschungen, 2010, Bd. 41, S. 427–428. North Caucasian in Europe might be Basque. 1 2

archaeological culture of Proto-Afro-Asiatic might be Iberomaurusian / Oranian (V. E. Orel) or Chartum Mesolithic-Neolithic (D. L. Gaskevych), a possible source of Impresso. Impresso / Cardium Pottery related to Hamangia-Cycladic might be AfroAsiatic or Dravidian. The ‘Hamitic’ (non-Semitic Afro-Asiatic like Berbero-Lybian) language substrate in Britain, Iberia and Sicily were denoted by Afro-Asiatic *dan-7 in many tribe and place names (including the Pictish ethnonym Crui-tn- and related toponym Brit-tan-). This wave of migration might be related not only to Impresso / Cardium Pottery (not attested in Britain, but cf. epi-cardial groups in the island) but to the line of descendance of possible Afro-Asiatic Halfan (related to Kebaran, the ancestor of possible Nostratic Natufian) > Iberomaurusian / Oranian > Capsian > Tardenoisian > Maglemose > Kongemose > Ertebølle with art similar to Capsian, cf. the Cro-Magnon / Berber Guanches. Cf. the hypothesis of Near Eastern origin of East European microliths. 8 Close similarities between the images of ships in the Nordic Bronze Age and pre-dynastic Egypt may be interpreted in the same way; the strongest solar cult might also be a common feature.

Egypt. dn.w.t [denut] ‘family’, West Chadic *dan-H- ‘family, clan, people, persons;’ the reconstruction after: Орел В. Э. Мир семито-хамитов, с. 19. Shar-dan- ‘the Sardinians’ among the Sea Peoples might be of Lybian origin. 8 Кузьмина Е. Е. О балканском или центральноазиатском пути миграции индоевропейских народов, Античная балканистика: Этногенез народов Балкан и Северного Причерноморья, М., 1980, с. 34. 7