Toxicogenomics as an “open” system to detect tissue-specific responses to toxicants: Nanoparticles as a proof of principle in fish

July 3, 2017 | Autor: Tim Williams | Categoria: Physiology, Zoology, Open System, Biochemistry and cell biology, Tissue Specificity
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Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A 151 (2008) S37–S43

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Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w. e l s ev i e r. c o m / l o c a t e / c b p a

25th Congress of the newEuropean Society of Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Ravenna (Italy) - Sept 7-11, 2008 New challenges in integrative physiology and biochemistry: from molecular mechanisms to environmental adaptation

Genomics and proteomics: How can these contribute to comparative physiology and to understanding the impact of environmental stressors? SESSION OPENING LECTURE 1. Toxicogenomics as an “open” system to detect tissue-specific responses to toxicants: Nanoparticles as a proof of principle in fish J.K. Chipman, T.D. William (School of Bioscience, University of Birmingham, UK); T. Kitan (Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Japan); I. Katsiadaki, M.N. Sanders (CEFAS Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, UK); J. Lead, M. Baalousha, E. Cieslak (School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, UK) Much attention is being given to the potential effects of nanomaterials on organisms including those in the aquatic environment. Although oxidative stress is an effect implicated by several studies, the uptake, target organs and modes of action remain obscure. Functional genomics technologies are particularly valuable in providing a nonbiased “open” assessment of molecular responses of organisms to such potential stressors for which the target biological processes are largely unpredictable. Candidate target tissues and biological pathways can thus be identified prior to more detailed analyses of mechanisms and dose-response relationships. Following exposure of female three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) for 48 h to static water-borne fullerene nanoparticles (0.1 and 0.5 ppm) or hydroxy-fullerene (fullerol) nanoparticles (0.5 ppm) with and without the use of carrier solvent tetrahydrofuran, transcriptomic responses were assessed in the liver, gill and brain tissue. The particles were characterised in the water samples by dynamic light scattering fluorescence microscopy and environmental scanning microscopy. Particle sizes were approximately 400 nm, 300 nm and 200 nm for fullerenes, fullerols and fullerols in solvent respectively. Gene

expression profiles in tissues were determined from individual animals utilising a stickleback ca. 14 K cDNA microarray developed in our laboratory. There was little evidence of altered gene expression in response to solvent or to 0.1 ppm fullerene in any tissue tested, compared to untreated controls. However, in brain and gill, gene expression was altered by 0.5 ppm fullerene and 0.5 ppm fullerol with or without solvent. Some of these responses were common to both tissues. The liver, in contrast, gave no response indicating a tissue-specific effect. Transcripts whose expression was altered in response to nanoparticle treatments belonged to a variety of gene ontology classes as assessed by Blast2GO. Significant changes included those related to membrane effects and inflammatory response but evidence of an oxidative stress response (as has been implicated in some other studies) was not clear. The study demonstrates the utility of the research strategy to determine the modes of action and potential target organs of materials previously little-studied. The same rationale can be applied to mixtures of pollutants for which interactive effects are difficult to predict. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.05.139

ORAL PRESENTATIONS 2. Experimental and hybridisation design in microarray analysis: Best practices D. Knapen, K. Laukens, K. van der Ven, W. De Coen, R. Blust (University of Antwerp, Belgium) Microarray technology plays an increasingly important role in toxicological research. However, there is a growing discrepancy

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