•
MCQs •
in
Biochemistry for Paramedical Students P Ramamoorthy PhD (Biochemistry-Faculty of Medicine)
Professor and Head Department of Biochemistry Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute Pondicherry University, Pondicherry Formerly, Associate Professor Department of Biochemistry Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute Deemed University, Chennai Tamilnadu
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Preface
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MCQs in Biochemistry for Paramedical Students
© 2006, P Ramamoorthy All rights reserved . No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the author and the publisher. This book has been published in good faith and belief that the material provided by author is original. Every effort is made to ensure accuracy of material, but the publisher, printer and author will not be held responsible for any inadvertent error(s). In case of any dispute, all legal matters to be settled under Delhi jurisdiction only.
First Edition : 2006 ISBN 81 -8061-701-7
Typeset at JPBMP typesetting unit Printed at Rajkamal Electric Press, B-35/9, G .T . Kamal Road , Delhi 110 033 ·
'-'
Multiple choice questions (MCQs) is part of almost all examinations in medical and paramedical courses. Several books on MCQs are available in India and abroad but they are based on medical curriculum only. Hence, I have written this MCQ book for undergraduates based on the syllabus of several paramedical courses as recommended by respective councils and followed in different universities in India. I have arranged the MCQs chapterwise and all questions are examinations oriented and also covers almost the entire chapters in depth according to the needs of the paramedical students. Each MCQ contains four answers of which the one is the best answer. By answering these questions, students can also follow the flow of each chapter in an orderly manner. I am most grateful to the management of the Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry for bringing out the book in time. I am thankful to M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. for publication of the book with fine features.
P Ramamoorthy
c (.£
Contents '-'
Part I: Introduction to Biochemistry 1. The Cell ................................................................................ 1
Part II: Chemistry of Biomolecules 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Chemistry of Carbohydrates ........................................... 5 Chemistry of Lipids ........................................................ 11 Chemistry of Proteins ..................................................... 17 Chemistry of Nucleic Acids .......................................... 23 Chemistry of Hemoglobin ............................................. 28 Enzymes ............................................................................. 32 Vitamins ............................................................................. 39
Part III: Metabolism 9. Introductory Metabolism ............................................... 46 10. Biological Oxidation, Electron Transport Chain and Bioenergetics ............................................................ 47 11. Digestion, Absorption and Metabolism of Carbohydrates .................................................................. 52 12. Digestion, Absorption and Metabolism of Lipids ................................................................................. 60 13. Digestion, Absorption and Metabolism of Proteins .............................................................................. 68
viii
MCQs in Biochemistry for Paramedical Students
PART I: INTRODUCTION TO BIOCHEMISTRY
14. Digestion, Absorption and Metabolism of Nucleic Acids .................................................................... 76 15. Metabolism of Hemoglobin ......................................... 80 16. Metabolism of Minerals ................................................. 86 17. Detoxication ...................................................................... 93 18. Excretion ............................................................................ 95
Part IV: Miscellaneous Topics of Biochemical Importance 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.
Energy Metabolism ......................................................... 97 Food and Nutrition ....................................................... 100 Fluid and Electrolyte Balance .................................... 104 Acid Base Balance .......................................................... 106 Organ Function Tests ................................................... 108 Hormones ......................................................................... 111 Molecular Biology ......................................................... 118
Part V: Applied Biochemistry 26. Instrumentation, Techniques and Practicals in Biochemistry ................................................................... 125 27. Clinical Biochemistry ................................................... 136
The Cell 1. Biochemistry is the study of: A. Action of drugs in the body B. Chemistry of living things C. Structural aspects of the body D. Immunity in the body 2. The major elements present in the human body are all of the following except: A. Sodium B. Carbon C. Oxygen D. Hydrogen 3. An eukaryotic cell differs from prokaryotic cell by the presence of: A. Mitochondria B. Nucleus C. Nuclear membrane D. Cytoplasm 4. All the following are cell organelles except: B. Peroxisomes A. Lysosomes C. Golgi apparatus D. Ribosomes 5. The technique used to separate cell organelles is: A. Differential centrifugation B. Filtration C. Electrophoresis D. Chromatography 1 B
2 A
3 C
4
D
5 A
2
MCQs in Biochemistry for Paramedical Students 6. The powerhouse of the cell is: A. Nucleus B. Ribosomes C. Mitochondria D. Endoplasmic reticulum
8. The major complex organic biomolecules of cells are: A. DNA and RNA B. Protein C. Polysaccharides D. All of the above
9. Osmosis is the flow of the following through semipermeable membrane: A. Solute B. Solvent C. Solution D. All of the above 10. Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium if observed in all the
following except: A. Chloride shift B. Osmotic pressure C. Concentration of Na+IK + in renal glomerular filtrate D. Emulsification 11. Fluid mosaic model of structure of cell membrane was
proposed by: A. Mitchell B. Singer and Nicolson C. Pauling D. Carl Neuberg 7 A
8 D
9
membranes against concentration gradient is known as: A. Passive diffusion B. Facilitated diffusion C. Active transport D. None of the above 13. Macromolecules are transported through cell membrane
by: A. Active transport B. Facilitated diffusion C. Passive diffusion D. Endocytosis and Exocytosis 14. Surface tension of solution can be lowered by all of the
following except: A. Bile pigments B. Bile salts C. Soap D. Detergent 15. An example for colloid is:
A. B. C. D.
Nucleic acids Vitamins Triglycerides Proteins
16. Which of the following statements is not correct?
A. An acid can dissociate to produce hydrogen ions B. A base can accept hydroxyl ions C. Buffer can resist changes in pH by addition of acid or
alkali D. Reaction of water is alkaline 17. pH is:
A. log [H + ] B. -log [H + ] C. log [OH] D. -log [OH] B
10 D
3
12. The process by which solute can often pass through
7. Which of the following is the function of mitochondria? A. Oxidative phosphorylation B. Protein Synthesis C. Intracellular sorting of proteins D. Glycolysis
6 c
The Cell
11 B
12 C
13 D
14 A
15
D
16 D
17 B
4
MCQs in Biochemistry for Paramedical Students
PART II: CHEMISTRY OF BIOMOLECULES
18. Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is an expression of: A. Concentration of acid B. Concentration of salt C. pH of a buffer D. Ionic product of water 19. Which of the following is a radioactive isotope? A. Nl O
Chemistry of Carbohydrates
B. C14
c. p30 D.
p4t
20. Radioactivity can be measured by: A. Geiger-Muller counter B. Spectrophotometer C. Flarnephotorneter D. Spectroscope
1. Carbohydrates can be defined as:
A. B. C. D.
Polyhydroxy alcohols Hydrates of carbon Aldehyde or ketone derivatives All of the above
2. All the following are monosaccharides except: A. Ribose B. Glucose D. Mannose C. Maltose 3. An example for aldose is: A. Galactose C. Fructose
B. Ribulose D. Xylulose
4. Which one of the following sugars is a ketose? A. Xylose B. Fructose D. Erythrose C. Arabinose 5. The molecular formula of glucose is: A. C6 H12 0 6 B. C12 H n 011 C. Cs H10 Os D. C3 H6 0 3 6. Glucose is the constituent of: B. Collagen A. Inulin D. Starch C. DNA 18 C
19 B
20 A
1 D
2
c
3 A
4
B
5 A
6 D
6
MCQs in Biochemistry for Paramedical Students 7. Blood sugar refers to: A. Fructose C. Glycogen
B. Glucose D. Lactose
8. Dextrose is: A. D( +)Glucose C. D( +)Fructose
B. D{-)Glucose D. D(-)Fructose
9. Stereoisomers differ from each other in:
A. B. C. D.
Atomic weights Atomic numbers Spatial configuration All of the above
10. All the monosaccharides are optically active except: A. Glyceraldehyde B. Fructose C. Arabinose D. Dihydroxyacetone 11. Number of asymmetric carbon atoms present in the straight chain structure of D-Glucose is: A. 6 B. 4 C. 3 D. 2 12. Ring (cyclic) structures for sugars were proposed by: A. Fischer B. Watson and Crick D. Sanger C. Haworth 13. a-D-glucopyranose and P-D-glucopyranose are related by: A. Keto-aldo pair B. Keto-enol pair C. Epimers D. Anomers 14. Glucose and galactose are epimers which differ in
orientation of H and OH on: A. C6 B. C4 C. C2 D.C1 7 B 14 B
8 A
9 C
10
D
11 B
12 C
13 D
Chemistry of Carbohydrates
7
15. Mutarotation by glucose arises due to: A. Opening of hemiacetal ring B. Formation of glycosides C. Inversion of sugar D. Conversion of keto-enol forms 16. Glucose on oxidation with H 20 2 gives: A. Hyaluronic acid B. Glucuronic acid C. Glucaric acid D. Mucic acid 17. Sorbitol is: A. A sterol B. An amino alcohol C. A sugar alcohol D. A glycerol derivative 18. The functional group responsible for the reducing property of glucose is present on which carbon atom?
A.6
B. 5
C. 2
D. 1
19. Aminosugar containing drug is:
A. B. C. D.
Erythromycin Streptomycin Ouabain None of the above
20. Which one of the following is a glycoside?
A. Triglyceride B. Glutathione C. Digitonin D. All of the above 21. Aglycone is a component of: A. Glycogen B. Starch D. Mucopolysaccharide C. Glycoside
15 A
16 B
17 C
18
D
19 A
20 C
21 C
8
MCQs in Biochemistry for Paramedical Students
Chemistry of Carbohydrates
9
22. Which of the following sugars is found in RNA? A. Ribose B. 2-Deoxy-D-ribose C. Fructose D. Ribulose
30. All the following are reducing sugars except: A. Maltose B. Lactose C. Sucrose D. Fructose
23. Inverted sugar is: A. Fructose B. Glucose C. Sucrose D. A mixture of glucose and fructose
31. Which polysaccharide (glycan) is not a polymer of glucose? B. Starch A. Glycogen D. Inulin C. Cellulose
24. All the following are disaccharides except: A. Sucrose B. Maltose C. Raffinose D. Lactose 25. Lactose contains: A. Glucose and glucose C. Glucose and fructose
B. Glucose and galactose D. Galactose and fructose
26. Sucrose is known as: A. Table sugar C. Malt sugar
B. Milk sugar D. Fruit sugar
27. Which of the following statements is correct? A. Cellulose is a heteropolysaccharide B. Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in human C. Sucrose can form osazone D. Oligosaccharides contain 5-10 saccharide units. 28. Which of the following statements is not correct? A. Seminal fluid is rich in glucose B. Inulin is a fructosan C. Molisch's test is used to identify carbohydrates D. Sialic acid is a constituent of glycoproteins 29. What is the shape of maltosazone crystals? A. Needle/bundle of hay B. Rhombic plates C. Hedgehog/powder puff/cotton ball D. Sunflower petals 22 A 29 D
23 D
24 C
25
B
26 A
27 B
32. All the following are homopolysaccharides (homoglycans) except: A. Heparin B. lnulin C. Glycogen D. Starch 33. The branched component of starch is: A. Amylose B. Amylopectin C. Dextrin D. Amylase 34. Dextrins are polysaccharides formed as intermediate compounds during hydrolysis of: A. Glycogen B. Dextran C. Starch D. Cellulose 35. Glycogen contains: A. a. 1,4 and a. 1,6 glycosidic linkages B. a. 1,6 glycosidic linkages C. a. 1,4 and ~ 1,6 glycosidic linkages D. ~ 1,4 and ~ 1,6 glycosidic linkages 36. The polysaccharide used to determine glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is: B. Inulin A. Starch C. Heparin D. Dex tr an
28 A
30 C
31 D
32 A
33
B
34 C
35 A
36 B
1O MCQs in Biochemistry for Paramedical Students 37. Glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides) are: A. Homopolysaccharides B. Heteropolysaccharides C. Oligosaccharides D. Glycosides 38. All the following are mucopolysaccharides except: A. Chondroitin sulphates B. Hyaluronic acid C. Amylodextrin D. Heparin 39. Which is the repeating unit of hyaluronic acid? A. N-Acetylglucosamine and 0-glucuronic acid B. N-Acetylgalactosamine and 0-glucuronic acid C. N-Acetylgalactosamine and 0-glucosamine D. N-Acetylglucosamine and 0-glucosamine 40. Which heteropolysaccharide is an anticoagulant? A. Keratan sulphate 1 B. Heparin C. Hyaluronic acid D. Dermatan sulphate
Chemistry of Lipids 1. Lipids are:
A. B. C. D.
Structural constituents of cell membrane Components having high energy value Soluble in non-polar solvents All of the above
2. Lipids were classified by: A. Meicher B. Evans and Burr C. Bloor D. Frederickson 3. An example for simple lipid is: A. Triglyceride (Triacylglycerol) B. Cephalin C. Fatty acids D. Glycerol 4. Which one of the following is not a compound lipid ? A. Plasmalogen B. Waxes C. Lecithin D. Sphingomyelin 5. Cholesterol is an: A. Compound lipid B. Simple lipid C. Derived lipid D. Aliphatic alcohol
37 B
38 C
39 A
40
D
1 D
2
c
3 A
4
B
5
c
12
Chemistry of Lipids
MCQs in Biochemistry for Paramedical Students
6. The major storage lipid in adipose tissue is:
B. Cholesterol D. Triglycerides
A. Phospholipids C. Fatty acids
7. Which substance yields more calories per gram on
oxidation? A. Fats C. Plant proteins
B. Carbohydrates D. Animal proteins
8. Neutral fats are:
A. Glycolipids C. Triglycerides
B. Phospholipids D. Waxes
9. Rancidity can be prevented by antioxidants like:
B. Vitamin E D. Vitamin B6
A. Riboflavin C. Vitamin D
10. Which am_ o ng the following is a saturated fatty acid?:
B. Oleic acid D. Aspartic acid
A. Stearic acid C. Linoleic acid
11. All the following are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) except: A. Linolenic acid B. Palmitic acid C. Arachidonic acid D. Linoleic acid
13
l4. Which compounds facilitate emulsification of fats? A. Bile salts B. Bile pigments C. Bile acids D. Sterols 15. Hydrolysis of fat by alkali is known as: A. Esterification B. Saponification C. Emulsification D. Peroxidation 16. Iodine number indicates: A. Total number of fatty acids in fat B. Level of rancidity of fat C. Measure of the degree of unsaturation in fat D. Number of volatile fatty acids in fat 17. Acrolein test is performed to detect:
A. Chloesterol C. Triglycerides
B. a-amino acids D. Glycerol
18. The main lipid constituents of cell membrane are: A. Phospholipids B. Cholesterol C. Triacylglycerols D. Glycolipids
12. Chaulmoogric acid, a cyclic fatty acid was used to treat: A. Bronchitis B. Bone disorders C. Cancer D. Leprosy
19. Cardiolipin, a phospholipid is present in: A. Nucleus B. Mitochondrial membrane C. Ribosomes D. Endoplasmic reticulum
13. Which of the following is not an essential fatty acid (EFA)? A. Linoleic acid B. Linolenic acid C. Oleic acid D . Arachidonic acid
20. Lecithins contain: A. Glycerol, fatty acid, phophoric acid, choline B. Glycerol, fatty acid, phosphoric acid, serine C. Glycerol, fatty acid, phosphoric acid, ethanolamine D. Sphingosine, fatty acid, galactose
6 D 13 c
7 A
8
c
9
B
10 A
11 B
12 D
14 A
15 B
16 C
17
D
18 A
19 B
20 A
14
Chemistry of Lipids
MCQs in Biochemistry for Paramedical Students
21. Respiratory distress syndrome occurs due to deficiency of: A. Plasmalogen B. Spingomyelin C. Dipalrnitoyl lecithin D. Phosphatidyl serine
27.
15
Lipoproteins can be separated into different fractions by: A. Electrophoresis B. Ultracentrifugation c. Both of the above D. Chromatography
22. Which is a major constituent of lung surfactant? A. Dipalrnitoyl lecithin B. Cholesterol C. Phosphatidic acid D. Glycerol
28. Which of the following fractions of lipoproteins has the lowest density? A. Chylomicrons B. a-lipoproteins C. P-lipoproteins D . Pre P-lipoproteins
23. All the following are examples of cerebrosides except: A. Kerasin B. Cerebron C. Nervon D. Dextran
29. Which fraction of lipoproteins has highest cholesterol content? A. HDL B. Chlornicrons C. LDL D.VLDL
24. Carbohydrate moiety present in cerebroside is: A. Fructose B. Galactose C. Ribose D. Mannose 25. Sphingosine, an amino alcohol is a constituent of all the following except: A. Ganglioside B. Cerebroside C. Cephalin D. Sphingomyelin 26. Which is not a constituent of gangliosides? A. Sialic acid B. Glycerol C. Sphingosine D. Long chain fatty acid
21 C
22 A
23 D
24
B
25 C
26 B
30. The apolipoprotein B-100 is the major apolipoprotein present in: A. IDL B. VLDL C. HDL D. LDL 31. Cholesterol contains: A. Corrin ring B. Pyrimidine ring C. Cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring D. Isoalloxane ring 32. Which one of the following is an animal sterol? B. Cholesterol A. Sitosterol C. Ergosterol D. Stigmasterol 33. Cholesterol crystals have the following shape when observed under microscope: A. Needles B. Concentric layers C. Hedgehog or cotton ball D · Rhombic plates with notched corners 27 C
28 A
29 C
30
D
31 C
32 B
33 D
16
-
MCQs in Biochemistry for Paramedical Students
34. All- the following compounds are formed from cholesterol except:
A. Bile pigments
B. Vitamin D D. Steroid hormones
C. Bile acids
35. All the following are eicosanoids except:
A. Prostaglandins C. Thromboxanes
B. Glutathione D. Leukotrienes
Chemistry of Proteins
36. Prostaglandins are synthesised from:
A. Palmitic acid
B. Linoleic acid D. Arachidonic acid
C. Stearic acid
37. Which one is not the function of prostaglandins?
A. Induction of labour B. Prevention of myocardial infarction C. Lowering of blood pressure D. Antiinflammatory 38. Spingomyelins are increased in which of the following
inherited disorders? A. Von Gierke's disease B. Gaucher's disease C. Niemann-Pick disease D. Tay-Sachs disease 39. The lipid accumulating in Gaucher's disease is:
A. Glucosylceramide B. Lecithins C. Cholesterol D. Galactosylceramide 40. Liebermann-Burchard reaction is used to detect:
A. Vitamin A B. Cholesterol C. Glycerol D. a-Amino acids
34 A
35 8
36 D
1. Which of the following statements about amino acids is not true? A. Amino acids are ampholytes B. Amino acids are linked through peptide bonds to form proteins C. Amino acids are not crystalline compounds D . Leucine is a purely ketogenic amino acid 2. Number of amino acids present in proteins are: B. 20 A. 10 C. 100 D. 300 3. The amino acids found in biological proteins are of: A. D-Configuration and dextrorotatory B. L-Configuration and laevoratatory C. D-Configuration and laevo or dextrorotatory D. L-Configuration and dextro or laevoratatory 4. Which amino acid does not occur in proteins of biological system? A. Ornithine B. Arginine C. Cystine D. Histidine S. All amino acids are optically active except:
A. Serine C. Tryptophan 37
8
38 C
39 A
40 8
1
c
2 8
B. Glycine D. Threonine
3 D
4
A
5 8
18
MCQs in Biochemistry for Paramedical Students
Chemistry of Proteins
6. Which one of the following is an acidic amino acid? A. Palmitic acid B. Aspartic acid C. Pyruvic acid D. Lysine
. All the following are essential amino acids except: 14 A. Phenylalanine B. Tryptophan c. Tyrosine D. Isoleucine
7. A basic amino acid is: A. Phenylalanine C. Arginine
l 5. The semiessential amino acids are: A. Histidine and alanine B. Arginine and glycine C. Praline and methionine D. Arginine and histidine
B. Serine D. Glutamic acid
8. An example for neutral amino acid is: A. Tyrosine B. Proline C. Lysine D. Leucine 9. Which one of the following is not a sulphur containing amino acid? A. Histidine B. Cystine C. Cysteine D. Methionine 10. Branched chain amino acids are: A. Tyrosine, tryptophan and phenylalanine B. Glycine, serine and threonine C. Valine, leucine and isoleucine D. Cystine, cysteine and methoinine 11. Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan are called as: A. Aliphatic amino acids B. Aromatic amino acids C. Sulphur containing amino acids D. Imino acids 12. Which amino acid contains an imino group? A. Histidine B. Glutamic acid C. Arginine D. Proline 13. H 2N-CH2.COOH is the structure of: A. Glycine B. Serine C. Leucine D. Threonine
6 B 13 A
7
c
8 D
9
A
10 C
11 B
16. Which amino acid contains a guanidine group? A. Glutamine B. Asparagine C. Histidine D. Arginine 17. An amino acid which behaves both as glucogenic and ketogenic is: A. Alanine B. Phenylalanine C. Leucine D. Cystine 18. The last used to detect a amino acids is: A. Biuret test B. Murexide test C. Ninhydrin test D. Molisch's test 19. Which amino acid is important in the buffering action of proteins at physiological pH? A. Glutamic acid B. Lysine C. Histidine D. Tyrosine 20. Edman's reagent (Phenyl isothiocyanate) reacts with:
A. N-terminal amino acids B. C-terminal amino acids C. Unsaturated fatty acids D . None of the above 12 D
19
14 C
15 D
16 D
17
B
18 C
19 C
20 A
20
Chemistry of Proteins
MCQs in Biochemistry for Paramedical Students
21. Sorensen's formal titration method is used to estimate: A. Free amino group in amino acid mixture B. Free carboxyl group in amino acid mixture C. Sulphur content of amino acids D. Acidity in gastric juice
28 . Which is n ot ~econdary protein structure? A. Random coil B. p-pleated sheet c. Double helix o. a helix
22. A method to separate amino acids is: A. Filtration B. Electrophoresis C. Chromatography D. Dialysis
29. At isoelectric pH, the protein molecule has:
23. Proteins are: A. Products of genes B. Polymers of amino acids C. Colloids D. All of the above
30. The phosphoprotein present in egg yolk is:
24. Albumin and globulins are: A. Simple proteins B. Conjugated proteins C. Primary derived proteins D. Secondary derived proteins
31. Apoprotein is protein moiety of: A. Mucoproteins B. Lipoproteins C. Chromoproteins D. Nucleoproteins
A. Positive charge only B. Maximum positive charge than nagative C. More negative charge than positive D. Equal number of positive and negative charges A. Ovovitellin B. Ovoglobulin C. Ovalbumin D. Casein
25. All the following are conjugated proteins except: A. Metalloproteins B. Hemoproteins C. Histones D. Lipoproteins 26. An example for derived protein is: A. Globulin B. Gelatin C. Casein D. Protamine 27. Glutathione is a: A. Tripeptide C. Protein 21 B
22 C
23 D
B. Dipeptide D. Derivative of glucose 24
A
21
25 C
26 B
27 A
32. The most abundant protein present in the human body
is: A. Albumin C. Collagen
B. Myosin D. a Keratin
33. Which one of the following is a fibrous protein? A. Collagen B. Myoglobin C. Hemoglobin D. None of the above 34. Globular p rotein is: A. Myoglobin C. Collagen
28 C
29 D
30 A
B. Glutathione D. a-keratin
31
B
32 C
33 A
34 D
22
-
MCQs in Biochemistry for Paramedical Students
35. An example for protein hormone is: A. Prolactin B. Noradrenaline C. Thyroxine D. Testosterone
Chemistry of Nucleic Acids
36. Denaturation of protein involves: A. Changes in primary structure B. Loss of biological activity C. Irreversible changes D. None of the above
1. Nucleic acids are: A. Structural molecules
37. All the following are causative agents for denaturation
of proteins except: A. Glycerol B. Urea C. Detergents D. Ethanol
2. Nucleotide con tains: A. Sugar phosphate
B. Base sugar C. Base sugar phosphate
38. Plasma proteins function as: A. Immunoglobulins B. Carriers of bilirubin C. Buffers D. All of the above
D. Base sugar phosphate protein 3. Components of nucleotide are: A. Base sugar
B. Base sugar phosphate
39. Plasma proteins can be separated into different fractions by: A. Chromatography B. Electrophoresis C. Dialysis D. Centrifugation
40. All of the following statements are false except: A. Glycoproteins are derived proteins B. Cysteine is an aromatic amino acid C. Isoelectric pH of casein is 4.8 D. Peptone is a heat coagulable protein
35 A
36 B
37 A
B. Information molecules C. Communication molecules D. Second messengers
38
D
39 B
40 C
C. Sugar p hosphate
D. Base p rotein 4. An example of purine base is: A. Uracil B. Thymine C. Cytosine D. Adenine 5. Thymine is a: A. Vitamin B. Basic amino acid C. Pyrimidine base D · Purine base 18
2 C
3A
4
D
5C
24
MCQs in Biochemistry for Paramedical Students
6. Which carbon of the pentose is in ester linkage with the phosphate in a nucleotide? A. Cs B. C4 C. C3 D.C1 7. Which form of DNA is usually found under
physiological conditions? A. A-DNA B. E-DNA C. Z-DNA D. B-DNA
B. mllim D. Dextrin
10. Which of the following bases is a constituent of RNA but not DNA?
Thymme Adenine Cytosine Uracil
11. Nucleotides in a single strand are linked to one another
in nucleic acids by: A. Hydrogen bond B. Glycosidic linkage C. Phosphodiester bond D. Disulphide bond
7 D
8 C
9
15. ONA molecule contains how many nucleotides? A. 100-300 B. 500-1000 c. 1000-9000 o. 10000-15000 16. Chargaff' s rule states:
A. (A+G)=(T +C) B. A/T=G/C C. C+C=A+C D. A+T+G+C 17. DNA can be denatured by:
A.Acid B. Alkali C. Heat D. All of the above 18. Molecule of genetic information is:
12. Which compound has double helical structure? A. Ribonucleic acid B. Collagen C. Deoxyribonucleic acid D. Cholesterol
6 A
Double helical structure of DNA was proposed by: A. Chargaff B. Watson and Crick c. Hargobind Khorana o. Stahl and Messelson
A. Peptide bonds B. Phosphodiester bonds C. Glycosidic bonds o. Hydrogen bonds
9. The base present in DNA but absent in RNA is: A. Guanine B. Thymine C. Uracil D. Cytosine
A. B. C. D.
13.
l4. Two strands of double helical DNA are linked by:
8. 2-Deoxy-D-ribose is a constituent of:
A.RNA C. DNA
--
Chemistry of Nucleic Acids
B
10 D
11 C
12 C
A. Protein
B. DNA D. Enzyme
C. RNA 19. Gene is:
A.mRNA B. Anticodon C. A segment of DNA molecllie D. A complete DNA molecllie 13 B
14 D
15 C
16
A
17 D
18 B
19 C
25
26
MCQs in Biochemistry for Paramedical Students
20. The mitochondrial DNA is: A. Single stranded linear B. Single stranded circular C. Double helix D. Double stranded circular
-
27
. Which base is not present in normal DNA or RNA? 27 A. Uracil B. Thymine c. Theophylline D. Guanine
21. How many major types of RNA are present in cells? A. 2 B. 3
C. 4
Chemistry of Nucleic Acids
D.5
22. RNA exists as: A. Double stranded molecule B. Double stranded helical molecule C. Double stranded circular molecule D. Single stranded molecule 23. Anticodon is present in: A.DNA B. hnRNA C. tRNA D.mRNA 24. Which RNA has clover leaf structure? B. tRNA A. rRNA C. hnRNA D. mRNA
. All the following biologically important nucleotides 28 are not present in nucleic acids except: A.GTP B. ATP C. NAD
o.AMP 29. Nucleo proteins are: A. Derived proteins B. Conjugated proteins C. Simple proteins O. Transport proteins 30. Proteins present in nucleoproteins are: A. Histones B. Histidine c. Albumin D. Globulins
25. mRNA is complementary copy of: A. rRNA B. tRNA C. A single strand of DNA D. None of the above 26. The synthetic nucleoside used in the chemotherapy of cancer is: A. Azathioprine B. Allopurinol C. Ouabain D. Cytarabine ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2-4----:-A~~2~5:--: C~~2=s:--:::D:---~ 22 D 23 C 20 D 21 B
27 ~C;;--:-28~D~~29~B~-3-0~A~~~~~~~~~~~~
-6·
Chemistry of Hemoglobin
s.
2. Heme is a: A. Ferrous protoporphyrinogen B. Ferric protoporphyrinogen C. Ferric protoporphyrin D. Ferrous protoporphyrin 3. Porphyrins found in heme is: A. Type I series B. Type II series C. Type III series (Type IX series) D. All of the above 4. The iron in heme is linked to globin through: A. Serine B. Tyrosine C. Histidine D. Glycine 5. The number of iron atoms present in a hemoglobin molecule is: A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 1 2 D
3
c
29
T he polypeptide chains present in globin portion of onnal hemog1ob.m are: ~. One a chain and one ~ chain B. Two a chains and two ~ chain c. Four a chains o. Four ~ chains
7. The total number of amino acids present in globin portion of normal hemoglobin is: A. 300 B. 374 C. 474 D. 574
1. Hemoglobin is a: A. Mucoprotein B. Conjugated protein C. Derived protein D. Structural protein
1 B
Chemistry of Hemoglobin
4
c
5 D
The molecular weight of normal hemoglobin is about: A. 24000 B. 44000 C. 54000 D. 67000
9. Adult hemoglobin is mainly: A. HbA1C B. HbS C. Hb Ai (Hb-A) D. Hb A2 10. Level of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) in a newborn is: A. 5-10% B. 20-30% C. 35-65% D. 90-95% 11. All are hemoproteins except: A. Myoglobin B. Cytochromes C. Hemoglobin D. Ceruloplasmin 12. Hemoglobin is a buffer due to presence of: A. Arginine B. Valine C. Histidine D. Glycine 13. Methemoglobin is formed by oxidation of hemoglobin by: A. Potassium permanganate B. Potassium ferricyanide C. Oxygen of air D. Hydrogen peroxide 6 B 13 B
7 D
8 D
9
C
10 A
11 D
12 C
30
--
MCQs in Biochemistry for Paramedical Students
14. In A. B. C. D.
methemoglobin the iron is in: Ferric form Ferrous form Ferric and ferrous forms Ferric or ferrous form
---
Chemistry of Hemoglobin
All the following are abnormal hemoglobins except: 21. A. HbA2 B. HbM c. HbD D.HbC
Thalassemias occur due to reduced synthesis of which
15. Cyanide is poisonous because it: A. Damages the brain cells B. Inhibits cytochrome oxidase of election transport chain C. Affects myoglobin in muscle D. Combines with red blood cell membrane 16. The instrument used to detect hemoglobin derivatives in blood is: A. Spectroscope B. Spectrophotometer C. Colorimeter D. None of the above 17. Normal range of hemoglobin in adult male is: A. 1-2 g% B. 5-8 g% C. 12-16 g% D. 20-25 g% 18. Finger printing technique is used to identify: A. Hemoglobin S B. Hemoglobin D C. Hemoglobin F D. All of the above 19. Hemoglobin can be qualitatively detected by: A. Benedict's test B. Benzidine test C. Neumann's test D. Rothera's test
22 · one of normal hemoglobin?
A. ex chains B. p chains C. a chain or O. ychain
Pchain
23. Oxygen dissociation curve of hemoglobin is shifted to right by: A. Bohr effect B. Pasteur effect C. Chloride shift D. All of the above
24. Maximum amount of C0 2 in blood is transported: A. As bicarbonates B. As carbaminohemoglobin C. As C02 in gas form D. In physical solution 25. Carbonmonoxide poisoning of hemoglobin leads to: A. Sickle cell anemia B. Jaundice C. Tissue hypoxia D. Thalassemia
20. In sickle cell anemia, the abnormal hemoglobin is: A. HbF B. Hb Ale C. HbS D.HbA2
14 A
15 B
16 A
17
C
18 D
31
19 B
20 C
21 A
22 C
23 A
24
A
25 C
--
Enzymes
33
.An exopeptidase is: .A. Elastase B. Chymotrypsin c. Trypsin 0 . Carboxy peptidase . .An example for an extracellular enzymes is: 7 .A. Glucokinase B. Pancreatic amylase c. Hexokinase o. Glucose 6-phosphatase
6.
Enzymes 1. Enzymes are: A. Biocatalysts B. Proteins except ribozymes C. Products of genes D. All of the above
s.
2. According to IUB nomenclature system, enzymes are grouped in how many main classes? A. 10 B. 6 C.4 D.2 3. Lactate dehydrogenase belongs to which main class of enzymes? A. Ligases B. Lyases C. Oxidoreductases D. Isomerases 4. The enzymes present in lysosomes are: A. Transferases B. Isomerases C. Hydrolases D. Lyases 5. All the following gastrointestinal enzymes are secreted as zymogens except: A. Ribonucleases B. Pepsin C. Chymotrypsin D. Trypsin 1 D
2 B
3
c
4
c
5 A
.All the following are coenzymes except: .A. NAO+ B. TPP C. SGPT (ALT) D. Pyridoxal phosphate
9. The function of a coenzyme in an enzymatic reaction is
to: A. Act as cosubstrate B. Raise the activation energy of the enzymatic reaction C. Enhance the specificity of the apoenzyrne D. Activate the substrate 10. A cofactor in an enzymatic reaction is: A. An organic molecule B. A metal ion C. Both of the above D. A hormone 11. Action of urease on urea belongs to which type of enzyme specificity? A. Optical specificity B. Substrate specificity C. Reaction specificity D. Bond specificity
6 D
7 B
8 C
9
A
10 C
11 B
34
-
MCQs in Biochemistry for Paramedical Students
12. Coenzyme A contains which of the following vitamins? B. Thiamin A. Pantothenic acid C. Vitamin B6 D. Folic acid 13. Cobamide coenzymes are coenzymes of: A. Vitamin B1 B. Biotin C. Vitamin B12 D. Vitamin C
16. Which of the following factors that can affect enzyme activity? A. Substrate concentration B. Enzyme concentration C. Time and pH D. All of the above 17. Enzyme increases the rate of reactions by: A. Decreasing the energy of activation B. Increasing the energy of activation C. Increasing the free energy change of the reaction D. Decreasing the free energy change of the reaction 18. Km (Michaelis constant) is: A. The dissociation constant for the enzyme-substrate complex B. The substrate concentration that gives one-half VmaX C. The molecular weight of an enzyme D. None of the above 12 A
13 C
14 D
15
B
16 D
17 A
Th enzymes act best at the temperature of: ~ B. 28°C ~: 37oC D. 6soc
Trypsin shows optimum activity at: · A. pH 1.5 B. pH 4.9 c. pH 6.9 D. pH 8.9
. Lock and key model of mechanism of enzyme action was proposed by: A. Koshland B. Chargaff C. Fischer D. Louis Pasteur 22. Which type of inhibition is irreversible? A. Non-competitive B. Uncompetitive C. Competitive D. None of these 21
15. Xanthine oxidase contains which metal ion? A. Manganese B. Molybdenum C. Copper D. Cobalt
/Ii
19.
20
14. Coenzyme required for transamination is: A. NAO+ B. Thiamin pyrophosphate C. FMN D. Pyridoxal phosphate
I
---
Enzymes 35
18 B
23. In competitive inhibition: A. Km increases B. Km decreases C. Km remains the same D. Km may increase or decrease 24. Malonate is a competitive inhibitor of: A. Succinate dehydrogenase B. Pyruvate dehydrogenase C. Malate dehydrogenase D. Carbonic anhydrase 25. Which statements about allosteric enzymes is true? A. They are usually not controlled by feedback inhibition B. The catalytic site is distinct from the allosteric site C. They change the nature of products formed D · All of the above 19
C
20 D
21 C
22
D
23 A
24 A
25 B
36
MCQs in Biochemistry for Paramedical Students
26. Which enzyme is most sensitive to fluoride ion? A. Enolase B. Aldolase C. Aconitase D. Pyruvate kinase
---
27. The active site of an enzyme: A. Binds covalently to substrate B. Is composed of a linear amino acid array C. Is small relative to the total bulk of the enzyme D. Is none of the above 28. All the following mechanisms regulate enzyme activity
except: A. B. C. D.
Changing the absolute quantity of enzyme Altering the pool size of reactants other than enzyme Altering the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme Altering the temperature of reaction
29. An example for functional plasma enzyme is: A.LDH B. Lipoprotein lipase C. Amylase D. Acid phosphatase 30. Normal level of SGOT (AST) at 37°C is: A. 0-40 IU/L B. 0-80 IU/L C. 60-180 IU/L D. 100-250 IU/L
31. Acid phosphatase level in serum is elevated typically in: A. Acute pancreatitis B. Osteomalacia C. Prostatic carcinoma D. Obstructive jaundice
26 A
i
I
27 C
28 D
29
8
30 A
31 C
--
Enzymes 37
Th diagnostic enzyme in muscular dystrophy is: 32· A ~reatine phosphokinase (CPK)/Creatine kinase (CK) .. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 8 C. Alkaline phosphatase o. Lipase . All the enzymes are increased in myocardial infarction 33
except:
A.LDH
8. SGOT C.CPK
o. Alkaline phosphatase 34. Which of the following enzymes in serum is specifically
elevated in alcoholism? A. Acid phosphastase 8. y-Glutamyl transpeptidase {y-GT)
SGOT D.SGPT
C.
35. Serum amylase is highly raised in: A. Diabetes mellitus B. Liver disorders C. Acute pancreatitis D. Bone disorders 36. Isoenzymes (Isozymes):
A. Catalyse the same reaction B. Have different mobilities on electrophoresis C. Are physically distinct forms of the same enzyme D. All of the above 37. Number of isoenzymes of LDH in serum are: A. 2
B. 3
c. 5 D.6
3 2A
33A
348
35
C
360
37C
... 38
-·
MCQs in Biochemistry for Paramedical Students
38. The isoenzyme LDH 5 is typically increased in patient . h s Wit : A. Acute viral hepatitis B. Acute myocardial infarction C. Acute pancreatitis D. None of the above
Vitamins
39. CPK-MB in serum is specifically increased in:
A. Obstructive jaundice B. Myocardial infarction C. Bone diseases D. Prostatic diseases 40. Brain mainly contains which of the following CPK
isoenzyme? A.MM B. MB C. Both of the above D.BB II
1. Vitamins are:
A. Accessory food factors B. Required in small quantities c. Not used to provide energy D. All of the above
2. Which of the following statements is correct?
A. All vitamins are fat soluble B. All coenzymes are vitamins C. All B complex vitamins are water soluble D. All vitamins are amines 3. Scientists whose work led to the discovery of vitamins
are: A. Hopkins and Funk B. Fischer and Haworth C. Starling and Sutherland D. Fischer and Koshland
"''"'
4. Which is the fat soluble vitamin? A. Riboflavin B. Vitamin K C. Folic acid D. Vitamin C S. Which one of the following is not a water soluble
vitamin? A. Vitamin E C. Vitamin B12 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-------
38 A
39 B
40 D
1 D
2
c
B. Vitamin B2 D. Pyridoxine 3 A
4
B
5 A
40
MCQs in Biochemistry for Paramedical Students
6. All the following are B complex vitamins except: A. Thiarnin B. Ascorbic acid C. Biotin D. Pantothenic acid
--- ----
7. The provitamin of vitamin A is: A. Cholesterol B. Tocopherol C. Retinol D. P-Carotene
10. All the following are deficiency symptoms of vitamin A except: A. Keratornalacia B. Nyctalopia C. Osteornalacia D. Xeropthalrnia 11. Hypervitaminosis A results in: A. Skin disorders B. Metastatic calcification C. Hepatolenticular degeneration D. Night blindness
7 D
8 A
9
B
10 C
Vitamin A in blood can be estimated based on: . A. Jaffe's reaction B. Xanthoproteic reaction c. Liebermann-Burchard reaction o. Carr Price reaction
14. Vitamin 03 is formed from: A. Glycerol B. 7-dehydrocholesterol C. Ergosterol D. Stigmasterol 15. Which is the physiologically active form of vitamin D? A. Calcitonin B. Calcitriol C. Calmodulin D. Cortisol
9. Vitamin A is stored mainly in: A. Kidney B. Liver C. Brain D. Spleen
6 B
41
DA (daily requirement) of vitamin A for an adult is: 12. R 00 IV/day A. 1 B. 1000 IV/day c. 5000 IV/day D. 10000 IV/day
13.
8. Which form of vitamin A participates in Wald's visual cycle (Rhodopsin cycle)? A. Retinal B. Retinoic acid C. Retinol D. None of the above
Vitamins
11 A
16. In adults, deficiency of vitamin D causes: A. Osteomalacia B. Scurvy C. Pellagra D. Rickets l7. Metastatic calcification is seen in toxicity of: A. Vitamin D B. Vitamin B1 C. Vitamin C D. Vitamin A 18 · Vitamin E with the greatest biological activity is: A. ~-Tocopherol B. Y-Tocopherol C.
