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cerevisiae (Desm.) Meyen, and was designated as lectotype for the generic name Saccharomyces Meyen (l.c.) by Clements & Shear (l.c.: 246) as “S. cerevisiae Meyen”. Because Endoblastoderma was lectotypified by E. amycoides, a synonym of M. cerevisiae (and not by E. pulverulentum, a synonym of H. anomala) by Clements & Shear (l.c.: 411), Endoblastoderma is a synonym of Saccharomyces and not Wickerhamomyces as supposed by Kurtzman (l.c. 2011). The strong recent interest in both applied and fundamental aspects of this yeast, including important legislative and regulatory issues, necessitates the provision of name stability in full agreement
Seifert & al. • (2051) Conserve Talaromyces
with the International Code of Nomenclature. The use of the name Wickerhamomyces anomalus should provide such stability for both academia and industry, as well as for regulatory authorities. Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledge Cony Decock, and Walter Gams for helpful comments. HMD is grateful for financial support by the Belgian Federal Science Policy, contracts BCCM C3/10/006 and C4/10/013. We thank Christie J. Robnett for determining the DNA sequences used in this study.
(2051) Proposal to conserve the name Talaromyces over Lasioderma (Ascomycota) Keith A. Seifert,1 Jens C. Frisvad,2 Jos Houbraken,3 Xavier Llimona,4 Stephen W. Peterson,5 Robert A. Samson3 & Cobus M. Visagie6 1 Biodiversity (Mycology), Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada 2 Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark 3 CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands 4 Departament de Biologia Vegetal (Botànica), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain 5 Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens and Mycology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, U.S.A. 6 Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa Author for correspondence: Keith A. Seifert,
[email protected]
(2051)
(=)
Talaromyces C.R. Benj. in Mycologia 47: 681. 7 Oct 1955, nom. cons. prop. Typus: Talaromyces vermiculatus (P.A. Dang.) C.R. Benj. (Penicillium vermiculatus P.A. Dang.). Lasioderma Mont. in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3, 4: 364. 1845, nom. rej. prop. Typus: Lasioderma flavovirens Durieu & Mont.
The name Talaromyces was introduced by Benjamin (l.c.: 681), with all names of the original ten species derived from epithets originally described in the then anamorphic genus Penicillium. The type of Talaromyces is T. vermiculatus (P.A. Dang.) C.R. Benj. (l.c.: 684). As reviewed by Samson & al. (Stud. Mycol. 70: 159−184. 2011), holotype or other original material of Penicillium vermiculatum P.A. Dang. cannot be located. Typification of this name was not considered by Pitt & Samson (NCU-2, Regnum Vegetabile 128. 1993) or in subsequent updates to that list. Talaromyces vermiculatus has been considered a taxonomic synonym of the common, cosmopolitan soil-borne ascomycete species now known as Talaromyces flavus (Klöcker) Stolk & Samson since the work of Orr & al. (in Mycopath. Mycol. Appl. 21: 1−18. 1963). Samson & al. (l.c.) designated plate XVIII in Dangeard’s publication in which the species is described (in Botaniste 10. 1907) as the lectotype for P. vermiculatum; this illustration clearly documents Dangeard’s observations of both the anamorph and teleomorph of his species. The epitype to the lectotype of Penicillium vermiculatum P.A. Dang was designated as herb. IMI 197477 (Samson & al., l.c.). This specimen, which is also the holotype of Penicillium dangeardii J. Pitt, the seldom-used name proposed for the anamorph of T. flavus, is derived from the equivalent cultures CBS 310.38, IMI 19447, and NRRL 2098, the latter of which was considered typical of P. vermiculatum by Raper & Thom (Manual
Penicillia, 1949), the last major treatment to treat P. vermiculatum as a distinct species. Talaromyces is one of two core genera of Trichocomaceae (Eurotiales) associated with penicillium-like anamorphs. The present circumscription is monophyletic and includes about 30 species included in the formerly holomorphic interpretation of the name, and 40 species recently recombined from Penicillium subg. Biverticillium Dierckx (Samson & al., l.c.). These species, and the genus, comprise the majority of a clade that is phylogenetically distinct from Penicillium Link s.str. (species related to or with teleomorphs formerly classified in Eupenicillium F. Ludw.) and Aspergillus Link (Berbee & al. in Mycologia 87: 210−222. 1995). Talaromyces flavus has been the subject of considerable research as a potential biological control agent against soil-borne diseases of crop plants (e.g., Naraghi & al., Phytopathol. Mediterr.: 49, 321−329. 2010), while T. helicus (Raper & Fennel) C.R. Benj. has been studied for its heavy metal absorption properties and potential for bioremediation (Tomero & al. in Elec. J. Biotech. 9(3): Art. 11. 2006). A search for Talaromyces in the Scopus database (www.scopus.com) reveals 357 published scientific articles. Important anamorphic species now combined in this genus (Samson & al., l.c.), such as the human pathogen Talaromyces marneffei (Segretain & al.) Samson & al., are still primarily reported under Penicillium. Lasioderma Mont. (l.c.) was described as related to Trichoderma Pers., with L. flavo-virens Durieu & Mont. as the only species. No species were added subsequently. The fungus was redescribed and illustrated in a colour painting in the Flore d’Algérie (Durieu & Bory in Expl. Sci. Algérie 1−4: 121−160. 1846) showing characteristic stipitate fruiting bodies of oak leaves, and chains of single-celled spores. As documented by Visagie & al. (Mycotaxon, in prep.), the lectotype of L. flavo-virens (herb. PC 0088796) includes the illustrated anamorphic 461
Linda in Arcadia & Ertz • (2052) Conserve Lichen vulgatus
fungus, but some of the fruiting bodies contain ascospores. They redescribed the holomorph and demonstrated a synonymy with the anamorphic species Penicillium aureocephalum Munt.-Cvetk. & al. Saccardo (Syll. Fung. 4: 584. 1886) placed Lasioderma as a hyphomycete in his form family ‘Hyalostilbaceae, Amerosporae’. Lindau (in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 1(1**): 490. 1900) included L. flavovirens in the hyphomycetes and reproduced part of the illustration from the Flore d’Algérie. Lasioderma was not considered by Clements & Shear (Gen. Fungi, 1931) and was not included as a hyphomycete in the generic compilations of Kendrick & Carmichael (in Ainsworth & al., The Fungi IVA: 323–509. 1973), Carmichael & al. (Gen. Hyphomycetes, 1980) and Seifert & al. (Gen. Hyphomycetes, 2011). Von Höhnel (Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., Abt. 1. 119: 393–394. 1910) transferred L. flavovirens to Pliacre Fr. and Ecchyna Fr. ex Boud. simultaneously, which led to this fungus being associated with Phleogena Link (of which Pilacre is a taxonomic synonym). Neither combination is listed in Index Fungorum or MycoBank. Lasioderma is listed as a synonym of Phloegena (Basidiomycota, Pucciniomycotina, Atractiellomycetes, Atractiellales, Phleogenaceae) in the Dictionary of Fungi (Kirk & al., 2008) based on communication by ‘Stalpers, in litt.’. Presumably Stalpers based this synonymy on his awareness of Höhnel’s work. This generic synonymy is followed by Index Fungorum and MycoBank, but Lasioderma is not included as a synonym of Phleogena in any of the taxonomic literature on the latter genus that we consulted (e.g., Oberwinkler & Bandoni in Canad. J. Bot. 60: 1726–1750. 1982).
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The generic name Lasioderma Stephens 1835 is in current use in the animals for a group of ‘cigarette beetles’ (Coleoptera: Anobiidae). The name is used in this sense in the Encyclopedia of Life (eol .org), The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (www.gbif.org), GenBank (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.org), the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (www.itis.gov) and Species 2000 (www.sp2000.org). A search for Lasioderma in the Scopus database (l.c.) uncovers 200 publications, all reflecting the use of the name for insects. Although there is no requirement to avoid identical generic names between the ICN and the Zoological Code, reintroducing Lasioderma as a name for a genus of Ascomycota would respect the principle of priority, but require approximately 70 new combinations from Talaromyces (Samson & al., l.c.). This decision would change the binomials of several well-known fungal species of economic or scientific significance, and cause confusion in the literature and in databases between the fungal and insect applications of the same generic name. Conservation of Talaromyces against Lasioderma would require no new combinations and would maintain current application of presently used names. Because the name Talaromyces has only been used for fungi, no confusion with other groups of organisms would occur. Confusion with the use of the name Lasioderma for insects would not occur. We conclude that the nomenclatural stability ensured by the continued use of Talaromyces, and the unambiguous use of Lasioderma as a generic name for insects, warrant the conservation of Talaromyces, which we therefore propose here.
(2052) Proposal to conserve the name Lichen vulgatus (Opegrapha vulgata) (lichenised Ascomycota) with a conserved type Linda in Arcadia1 & Damien Ertz2 1 Kastri, 22013, Arkadias, Greece 2 National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Department Bryophytes-Thallophytes, Domaine de Bouchout, 1860 Meise, Belgium Author for correspondence: Linda in Arcadia,
[email protected]
(2052)
Lichen vulgatus Ach., Lichenogr. Suec. Prodr.: 21. 1799 (‘1798’), nom. cons. prop. Typus: Belgium, Brabant district, 1.5 km N of Roisin, Le Caillou-qui-Bique, I. F. B. L. H3.12.31, 60 m alt., trunk of Fraxinus excelsior, 14 Jan 2005, D. Ertz 7564 (BR), typ. cons. prop.
The type of Opegrapha Ach. nom. cons. is not a member of the group of lichens to which the name Opegrapha is usually applied. Opegrapha is a large genus and the name is well established, so this is a serious problem and it needs to be resolved. The most natural way to resolve it is to conserve the name Lichen vulgatus Ach. with a conserved type. We provide a full history of this problem below. Santesson (in Symb. Bot. Upsal 12(1): 96. 1952) pointed out the need to conserve Opegrapha Ach. against the earlier Opegrapha Humb. He noted that before 1809 Acharius had a very broad concept of the genus, and argued that the Acharian name should be conserved from his treatment of the genus Opegrapha in Sweden (in Kongl. 462
Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 30: 97–102. 1809) rather than his first usage of the name (Acharius, Methodus: 16. 1803) where he ascribed it to Persoon. Santesson (l.c.) wrote: “Opegrapha Ach. (1809) p. 97 [non Humb. (1793): Graphis]. Type species (selected) O. vulgata Ach. – Nomen conservandum propositum”. He did not explain why he made that choice of type. Shortly afterwards, the “Special Committee for Lichenes” voted unanimously in favour of conserving the name “Opegrapha Ach. … (1809)” against Opegrapha Humb., and with type “O. vulgata Ach., Meth. Lich. 20” (Ahlner in Taxon 3: 236. 1954). What appears in the Vienna Code differs little from what was accepted in 1954. Opegrapha Ach. (1809) is listed in Appendix IIIB of the Code as conserved against Opegrapha Humb. (1793), a genus of non-lichenised fungi. Since the Opegrapha discussed by Acharius in 1803 is, for nomenclatural purposes, that of Humboldt—Persoon (in Ann. Bot. Usteri 7: 23. 1794), to whom Acharius attributed the name, ascribed Opegrapha to Humboldt—it need not be considered further. Appendix IIIB lists as type for Opegrapha Ach. (1809) “O. vulgata (Ach.) Ach. (Lichen vulgatus Ach.).” According to the preface
