Zootaxa 1612: 45–53 (2007) www.mapress.com / zootaxa/
ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)
Copyright © 2007 · Magnolia Press
ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)
ZOOTAXA
A new species of Scinax (Anura, Hylidae) of the S. ruber clade from Minas Gerais, Brazil LEANDRO DE OLIVEIRA DRUMMOND1, DÉLIO BAÊTA2 & MARIA RITA SILVÉRIO PIRES1 1
Laboratório de Zoologia dos Vertebrados, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, BRAZIL. E-mail:
[email protected];
[email protected]. 2 Museu Nacional,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, São cristovão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. E-mail:
[email protected].
Abstract We describe a new species of treefrog from the ruber clade of the genus Scinax, from Serra do Cabral, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Scinax cabralensis is characterized by a small size, slightly arched and faintly distinct canthus rostralis, spotted pattern of coloration on dorsum, thighs with transversal bars, granular skin on dorsum and venter, rounded snout in dorsal view, and distinct advertisement call. Additionally, data on advertisement and territorial calls and notes on natural history and habitat are provided. Key words: Dendropsophini; Scinax cabralensis; advertisement call; territorial call; Serra do Cabral
Resumo No presente artigo é descrita uma nova espécie de anfíbio do clado ruber, gênero Scinax, da Serra do Cabral, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Scinax cabralensis é caracterizada pelo pequeno tamanho, canto rostral ligeiramente curvo e pouco distinto, por um padrão de coloração dorsal composto por pintas, coxas com barras transversais, pele do dorso e ventre granular, focinho arredondado em vista dorsal e canto de anúncio distinto. Dados sobre os cantos de anúncio e territorial, história natural e hábitat são também apresentados. Palavras-chave: Dendropsophini; Scinax cabralensis; canto de anúncio; canto territorial; Serra do Cabral
Introduction The Neotropical genus Scinax is currently composed of 94 species of tree frogs (Frost, 2007; Brasileiro et al., 2007a; Brasileiro et al., 2007b) divided in two clades: the S. catharinae and the S. ruber clade (Faivovich et al., 2005). The S. ruber clade is composed of two groups, Scinax rostratus group and Scinax uruguayus group, and a large number of species currently unassigned to any species group (Faivovich et al., 2005). Currently, seventeen species of this clade are recorded from southeastern Brazil (Pugliese et al., 2004; Caramashi and Cardoso, 2006; Frost, 2007), being, in alphabetical order: Scinax alter (B. Lutz,1973), Scinax caldarum (B. Lutz, 1968), Scinax camposseabrai (Bokermann, 1966), Scinax cardosoi (Carvalho e Silva and Peixoto, 1991), Scinax crospedospilus (A. Lutz, 1925), Scinax curicica Pugliese, Pombal and Sazima (2004) Scinax cuspidatus (A. Lutz, 1925), Scinax duartei (B. Lutz, 1951), Scinax eurydice (Bokermann, 1968), Scinax fuscomarginatus (A. Lutz, 1925), Scinax fuscovarius (A. Lutz, 1925), Scinax hayii (Barbour, 1909), Scinax maracaya (Cardoso and Sazima, 1980), Scinax perereca Pombal, Haddad, and Kasahara, 1995, Scinax pinima Accepted by M. Vences: 24 Aug. 2007; published: 10 Oct. 2007
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(Bokermann and Sazima, 1973) Scinax similis (Cochran, 1952), and Scinax squalirostris (A. Lutz, 1925). Scinax x-signatus (Spix, 1824) is not considered here (explanations in Pombal et al., 1995b). Herein, we describe a new species of the Scinax ruber clade from the region of Serra do Cabral, an isolated orographic domain belonging to the mountainous complex of the Serra do Espinhaço, mid-northern region of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Vocalizations and notes on natural history are also given.
Material and methods Comparisons of specimens were based on observations of museum material and on literature information from Lutz (1954), Cochran (1955), Bokermann (1968), Lutz (1973), Cardoso and Sazima (1980), Heyer et al. (1990), Carvalho-e-Silva and Peixoto (1991), Pombal et al. (1995), Kwet and Di-Bernardo (1999), Pugliese et al. (2004) and Caramaschi and Cardoso (2006). Specimens examined for comparisons are deposited in the following collections: AL-MN (Adolpho Lutz collection, deposited in the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil), MNRJ (Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil), MCNAM (Amphibian collection, Museu de Ciências Naturais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil) and LZV (Laboratório de Zoologia dos Vertebrados, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil). Specimens examined are listed in the Appendix. Abbreviations used for the measurements of adult specimens are SVL (snout-vent length), HL (head length), HW (head width ), IOD (interorbital distance), END (eye-nostril distance), ESD (eye-snout distance); IND (internasal distance), ND (nostril diameter), TD (timpanum diameter), ED (eye diameter), THL (thigh length); TBL (tibia length), TL (tarsus length), FL (foot length), AL (arm length), FAL (forearm length), HAL (hand length), D3FW (disc of the third finger width), and D4TW (disc of the fourth toe width ). All measurements (in millimeters) were taken with a caliper to the nearest 0.1 mm and with an ocular micrometer in a Zeiss stereomicroscope and followed Duellman (2001), Cei (1980), and Lynch and Duellman (1997). Webbing formula notation followed Savage and Heyer (1967) as modified by Myers and Duellman (1982) and Savage and Heyer (1997). Snout shape standards followed Heyer et al. (1990). Advertisement calls were recorded with a Panasonic RQ-L31 portable cassette recorder with an integrated microphone. Spectrograms were analyzed with the softwares Avisoft-Sonograph Light 1, version 2.7 and Cool Edit Pro, version 2.0. Vocalizations were digitized and edited at a sampling frequency of 22.05 kHz, FFT with 256 points, filter Hamming, and 16-bit resolution. Description and terminology of acoustic properties of calls follow Duellman and Trueb (1986). Air temperature was registered with a digital thermometer to the nearest 0.5ºC.
Results Scinax cabralensis sp. nov. (Figs. 1–4) Holotype. MNRJ 42883, adult male, from the Municipality of Joaquim Felício (UTM Zone 23-585557/ 8041721 44d11'35.432"W,17d42'35.034"S), State of Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil, collected by L.O. Drummond in 30 November 2004. Paratypes. MNRJ 42884, MNRJ 42887-42888, adult males, and MNRJ 42885, adult female, collected with the holotype; MNRJ 42886, adult female, from the Municipality of Buenópolis, collected by L.O. Drummond in 22 november 2004. Diagnosis: A species of Scinax belonging to the S. ruber clade (sensu Faivovich, 2005), characterized by (1) small size for the clade (males SVL 22.5–25.0mm); (2) a spotted pattern of coloration on dorsum, with no
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stripes or “parenthesis-like” marking; (3) absence of yellow flash color on the posterior surfaces of thighs and hidden portions of shanks; (4) granular skin on the dorsum and venter; (5) rounded snout in dorsal view ; (6) advertisement call with a multipulsed note with low number of pulses (6–19 pulses), long duration (mean 0,64 s), and high dominant frequency (mean 3.99 kHz).
FIGURE 1. Scinax cabralensis, holotype (MNRJ 42883; SVL 25.0 mm), dorsal and ventral views.
Comparison with other species. Scinax cabralensis differs from S. duartei, S. eurydice, S. fuscovarius, S. hayii, S. maracaya, S. perereca and S. similis by the smaller size in males (22.5 –25.1 mm in S. cabralensis; males combined SVL 27.00–50.00 mm in the other species). Scinax cabralensis differs from S. alter, S. caldarum, S. camposseabrai, S. cardosoi, S. crospedospilus, S. curicica, S. cuspidatus, S. duartei, S. eurydice, S. fuscomarginatus, S. fuscovarius, S. hayii, S. maracaya, S. perereca, S. pinima, S. similis and S. squalirostris by the spotted pattern of coloration on the dorsum. By the absence of yellow flash color on the posterior surfaces of thighs and hidden portions of shanks, Scinax cabralensis differs from S. caldarum, S. camposseabrai, S. cardosoi, S. crospedospilus, S. curicica, S. duartei, S. eurydice, S. fuscovarius, S. hayii, S. maracaya and S. perereca. Scinax cabralensis differs from S. alter, S. caldarum, S. camposseabrai, S. cardosoi, S. crospedospilus, S. curicica, S. cuspidatus, S. duartei, S. eurydice, S. fuscomarginatus, S. fuscovarius, S. hayii, S. similis, and S. squalirostris by its granular skin of the dorsum. S. cabralensis is distinguished from S. alter, S. caldarum, S. cardosoi, S. crospedospilus, S. curicica, S. cuspidatus, S. duartei, S. fuscovarius, S. hayii, S. maracaya, S. similis and S. squalirostris by the rounded format of the snout in dorsal view. Scinax cabralensis is distinguished from S. alter, S. curicica, S. cuspidatus, S. duartei, S. eurydice, S. fuscomarginatus, and S. perereca by the high number of notes (6–19) in the advertisement call (1 note in S. alter, S. curicica, S. cuspidatus, S. duartei, S. eurydice, S. fuscomarginatus, and S. perereca); and from S. cuspidatus, S. duartei, S. eurydice, S. fuscovarius, S. hayii, and S. maracaya by the longer duration of the advertisement call (0,31–1,01s in S. cabralensis; 0.12–0.15s in S. cuspidatus; 0.20s in S. duartei; 0.09–0.11s in S. eurydice; 0.17–0.20s in S. fuscovarius; 0.19–0.32s in S. hayii; 0.28s in S. maracaya). From S. caldarum, S. crospedospilus, S. curicica, Scinax duartei, S. eurydice, S. fuscovarius, S. hayii, S. maracaya, and S. perereca, S. cabralensis differs by the higher dominant frequency of the advertisement call (3,7–4,22 kHz in S. cabralensis; 2.41–2.61 in S. caldarum; 1.2– 1.5 kHz in S. crospedospilus; 2.6–3.6 kHz in S. curicica; 2.15–2.85 in S. duartei; 2.8–3.4 kHz in S eurydice; 0.8–3.6 kHz in S. fuscovarius; 1.2–2.8 kHz in S. hayii, 1.0–3.5 kHz in S. maracaya; 1.3–1.6 kHz in S. perereca). A NEW SPECIES OF SCINAX FROM MINAS GERAIS
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Description of holotype. Body slender; size small for the group (25.0 mm SVL); head approximately as large as wide (Fig. 1) and as wide as the body, its length corresponding to 36.5% of SVL; snout rounded in dorsal view and subacuminate in lateral view (Fig. 2A, B); nostrils dorsolateral, rounded, in the top of a small elevation nearly the extremity of snout; canthus rostralis slightly arched and faintly distinct; loreal region slightly concave; eyes medium sized, its diameter corresponding to 34% of head width; tympanum distinct and rounded (Fig. 2B); supratympanic fold short; vocal sac single, median, subgular; vocal slits located laterally on mouth floor; tongue large, lance-shaped, notched posteriorly, barely free; choanae elliptical; vomerine teeth in two straight series, close to each other between the choanae; pectoral fold present.
FIGURE 2. Scinax cabralensis, holotype MNRJ 42883. (A) Dorsal and (B) lateral views of head (scale: 5 mm); ventral views of (C) hand and (D) foot (scale 2: mm).
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Arms slender, forearms moderately robust; fingers slender, medium-sized, relative lengths I
