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A new species of Scinax Wagler (Anura: Hylidae) from Cerrado of Brazil IVAN NUNES1,4, RONALD R. CARVALHO JR.2 & EMILIANE G. PEREIRA3 1 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Departamento de Vertebrados. 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil 2 Táxon Meio Ambiente – Estudos e Projetos Ltda. 30575-210 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil 3 Biodinâmica Engenharia e Meio Ambiente Ltda. 20020-080 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil 4 Corresponding author. E-mail:
[email protected]
Abstract A new species of Scinax of central Brazil, closer to the Scinax maracaya (Cardoso & Sazima), from the Cerrado biome (open formations) is described. This new species is characterized by the following combination of traits: moderate size (males 28.4–30.8 mm snout vent length); presence of several flash orange-yellowish transversal stripes on thigh; vocal sac well developed; snout acuminate in profile; advertisement call with one note, 4–15 pulses, and dominant frequency 2.93–3.27 kHz. Description of the advertisement call and comments on natural history and habitat are provided. Key words: Hylinae, Scinax maracaya, Scinax tigrinus, Cerrado
Introduction The hylid frog genus Scinax Wagler currently includes 98 recognized species distributed from southern Mexico to east and central Argentina (Frost 2010). Faivovich et al. (2005) reviewed the systematic of hylid frogs and defined two major clades: the Scinax catharinae clade and the Scinax ruber clade. The S. ruber clade, in turn, contains the S. rostrus and S. uruguayus species groups, with many species unassigned to any species group. Currently, 14 species of the S. ruber species group belonging S. ruber clade, except by S. rostratus and S. uruguayus species groups (sensu Faivovich et al. 2005) are recorded from the Cerrado–Caatinga–Chaco region (South American open formations; see Duellman 1999): S. acuminatus (Cope), S. cabralensis Drummond, Baêta & Pires, S. camposseabrai (Bokermann), S. curicica Pugliese, Pombal & Sazima, S. eurydice (Bokermann), S. fuscomarginatus (A. Lutz), S. fuscovarius (A. Lutz), S. maracaya (Cardoso & Sazima), S. nasicus (Cope), S. pachycrus (Miranda-Ribeiro), S. parkeri (Gaige), S. rogerioi Pugliese, Baêta & Pombal, S. squalirostris (A. Lutz), and S. x-signatus (Spix). The goal of this paper is to describe a new species from the Cerrado biome (Brazilian savanna; see Oliveira & Marquis 2002), which is closely related to Scinax maracaya. We also provide the spectral and temporal descriptions of the advertisement call and comments on the natural history and habitat.
Materials and methods We compared the new species with the species of the Scinax ruber species group (sensu Pombal et al. 1995a) recorded from Cerrado–Caatinga–Chaco region (see Duellman 1999). We do not compare the new species with Scinax x-signatus for the reasons explained in Pombal et al. (1995a) and Pugliese et al. (2009). The museum acronyms of specimens examined are AL-MN (Coleção Adolpho Lutz, housed at Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil), MACN (Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino
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Accepted by S. Castroviejo: 17 May 2010; published: 22 Jun. 2010
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Rivadavia”, Buenos Aires, Argentina), MCNAM (Museu de Ciências Naturais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil), MNRJ (Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil), MZUEFS (Museu de Zoologia, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil), MZUSP (Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil), UFBA (Museu de Zoologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil), and ZUFRJ (Coleção Científica do Laboratório de Anfíbios e Répteis, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil). Additional specimens examined are listed in the Appendix. We used the 14 morphometric characters described in Duellman (2001) as modified by Napoli (2005): SVL (snout–vent length), HL (head length), HW (head width), ED (eye diameter), TD (tympanum diameter), UEW (upper eyelid width), IOD (interorbital distance), IND (internarial distance), END (eye-nostril distance), NSD (nostril to tip of snout distance), TL (tibia length), FL (foot length including tarsus), 3FD (third finger disk diameter), and 4TD (four toe disk diameter). The other remaining measurement are THL (thigh length; following Heyer et al. 1990), FAL (forearm length: straight line distance between the elbow and the wrist), HAL (hand length: straight line distance between the wrist and the tip of the third finger). SVL, HL, HW, FAL, HAL, THL, TL, and FL were measured with Vernier calipers (precision 0.05 mm); all other variables were measured with an ocular micrometer in a Zeiss stereomicroscope. All measurements are in millimeters. Standards for dorsal outline and profile of the snout follow Heyer et al. (1990) and Duellman (2001), respectively. Webbing formula follows Savage and Heyer (1967) as modified by Myers and Duellman (1982). We recorded the vocalizations of the new species using a portable digital recorder made by Panasonic (model RR-US430). The call was analyzed with Avisoft-SASLab Light for Windows, version 3.74. The vocalizations were digitized with sampling frequency of 11.025 kHz and 8 bits; the audiospectrogram was made with Fast Fourier Transform length (FFT) of 256 points, overlap 93.75%, frame 100%, and window Flat Top. The terminology used for the description of the advertisement call followed Wells (1977) and Littlejohn (2001).
Scinax tigrinus sp. nov. (Figures 1 and 2) Holotype. MNRJ 54464, adult male, from Palmital District (16º19'20''S, 47º13'10''W; 970m altitude), Municipality of Cabeceira Grande, Minas Gerais State, Southeastern Brazil, collected on 16 January 2007, by R.R. Carvalho Jr. and T.P. Paula. Paratopotypes. MNRJ 54465-66, adult males, collected with the holotype; MNRJ 54467–54469, adult males, collected on 12–21 December 2006, by E.G. Pereira and D.S. Giovanardi; MCNAM 9144–9147, adult males, collected on 21–30 March 2007, by E.G. Pereira and M.A.S. Canellas. Referred specimens. MNRJ 53190, Municipality of Jaraguá, Goiás State; MNRJ 58893, Municipality of Santo Antônio do Descoberto, Goiás State. Diagnosis. Scinax tigrinus sp. nov. is a member of the S. ruber clade (sensu Faivovich et al. 2005), and is diagnosed by the following combination of characters: moderate size (males 28.4–30.8 mm SVL); presence of several flash orange-yellowish transversal stripes on thigh; vocal sac well developed; snout acuminate in profile; advertisement call with one note, 4–15 pulses, and dominant frequency 2.93–3.27 kHz. Comparison with other species. The dorsal drawing pattern and color of background beige, with many brown blotches with irregular shape, distinguishes S. tigrinus sp. nov. from S. acuminatus, S. cabralensis, S. camposseabrai, S. curicica, S. eurydice, S. fuscomarginatus, S. fuscovarius, S. maracaya (see Fig. 3), S. nasicus, S. pachycrus, S. parkeri, S. rogerioi, and S. squalirostris (see photos and/or color descriptions in B. Lutz 1973; Cardoso & Sazima 1980; Izecksohn & Carvalho-e-Silva 2001; Pugliese et al. 2004; Caramaschi & Cardoso 2006; Juncá 2006; Drummond et al. 2007; Uetanabaro et al. 2008; Pugliese et al. 2009). By the presence of yellow flash color on posterior surfaces of the thigh and hidden portion of the shanks, S. tigrinus sp. nov. differs from S. acuminatus, S. cabralensis, S. fuscomarginatus, S. pachycrus, S. parkeri, and S.
NEW SCINAX FROM CERRADO OF BRAZIL
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squalirostris. The smaller SVL of S. tigrinus sp. nov. adult males (28.4–30.8 mm; n=10) distinguishes it from S. acuminatus (38.9–43,7 mm; n=8), S. eurydice (39.6–51.2 mm; n=21), and S. fuscovarius (39.0–47.9 mm; n=7); by its larger SVL it is distinguished from S. cabralensis (22.5–25.0 mm; n=4), S. fuscomarginatus (17.1–22.0 mm; n=13), S. maracaya (26.7–28.0 mm; Cardoso & Sazima 1980), and S. parkeri (21.0–22.6 mm; n=3). The dorsal view of the snout of S. tigrinus sp. nov. is oval in dorsal view and differs from S. eurydice, S. fuscovarius, and S. similis (rounded in these species), and from S. squalirostris (pointed). The snout profile of S. tigrinus sp. nov. is acuminate, while the snout profile of S. cabralensis, S. curicica, S. eurydice, S. maracaya, and S. pachycrus is rounded; in S. camposseabrai is truncate; and in S. fuscomarginatus, S. nasicus, S. parkeri, and S. squalirostris is protruding. Scinax tigrinus sp. nov. presents vocal sac more developed than S. cabralensis, S. camposseabrai, S. curicica, S. eurydice, S. fuscomarginatus, S. fuscovarius, S. maracaya, S. pachycrus, S. parkeri, S. similis, and S. squalirostris. The dorsal skin texture smooth or scattered granulated differs S. tigrinus sp. nov. from S. acuminatus, S. cabralensis, S. maracaya, S. nasicus, and S. rogerioi (more rugose dorsal skin in these species). Scinax tigrinus sp. nov. presents smooth skin texture in vocal sac, while S. acuminatus, S. curicica, S. maracaya, and S. pachycrus presents granulose skin texture in vocal sac. The smooth tarsal region distinguishes S. tigrinus sp. nov. from S. acuminatus, S. cabralensis, S. eurydice, S. maracaya, and S. pachycrus (presence of dermal fold or/and tubercles on tarsus in these species). Scinax tigrinus sp. nov. can be distinguished from the Scinax maracaya, the most closer related species, also by the outer metacarpal tubercle bigger with both elongated (smaller, with outer rounded in S. maracaya), and by the outer metacarpal tubercle very more developed (almost vestigial in S. maracaya). The number of notes (n=1) distinguishes S. tigrinus sp. nov. from S. cabralensis (n=6–9; Drummond et al. 2007), S. fuscovarius (n=9–10; Pombal et al. 1995b), and S. squalirostris (n=11–13; Pombal et al. 1995b). The smaller number of pulses per note (n=4–15) distinguishes S. tigrinus sp. nov. from S. curicica (n=29–43; Pugliese et al. 2004), S. eurydice (n=3; Pombal et al. 1995b, where the pulses were called notes), S. fuscomarginatus (n=85–104; Toledo & Haddad 2005), S. pachycrus (n=17–32; Carneiro et al. 2004), S. parkeri (17–21; De La Riva 1994), and S. perereca (n=21–24; Pombal et al. 1995a). The dominant frequency (2.93–3.27 kHz) of S. tigrinus sp. nov. is lower than in S. cabralensis (3.70–4.22 kHz; Drummond et al. 2007), S. fuscomarginatus (4.1–4.7 kHz; Toledo & Haddad 2005), and S. squalirostris (3.9–4.6 kHz; Pombal et al. 1995b), and higher than in S. nasicus (0.97 kHz; De La Riva 1994), and S. parkeri (2.7–2.8 kHz; De La Riva 1994).
FIGURE 1. Scinax tigrinus sp. nov. Dorsal and ventral views of holotype, MNRJ 54464, adult male, SVL 30.1 mm.
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NUNES ET AL.
TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited.
Description of holotype. Body slender; medium size (30.5 mm SVL); head slightly longer than wide; snout subovoid in dorsal view (Fig. 1), acuminate in profile (Fig. 2); nostrils dorsolateral, elliptical; canthus rostralis weakly marked, concave; loreal region slightly concave; eyes protuberant; tympanum visible, rounded (Fig. 1 and 2); supratympanic fold slightly evident, from the posterior corner of eye to shoulder; vocal sac single, median, subgular, well developed; vocal slights laterally on mouth floor; tongue large, cordiform, notched posteriorly, barely free; vomerine teeth in two straight series closer to each other, below the oval choanae. Pectoral fold present. Arm slender, forearm moderately robust; fingers slender, medium– sized, poorly fringed, webbing barely visible, without evident nuptial asperities; relative lengths I≤II
