alpha glucosidase inhibitors

3-voglibose:
Pharmacokinitics:
Voglibose is metabolized by intestinal enzymes and by the microbial flora. And is excreted in the urine and feces.
Dose:
The recommended dose is 0.2-0.3 mg 3 times/day
as a tablet to take by mouth with food,

Adverse effect:
The most common side effects of miglitol are
abdominal pain, diarrhea and flatulence.

Contra indications:
1-pregnancy.
2- nursing mothers :
Miglitol is excreted in human
breast milk in small amounts.
2-miglitol:
Pharmacokinitics:
miglitol is systemically absorbed; however, it is not metabolized and is excreted by the kidneys.
Dose:
-The initial dose is 25 mg three times daily and then increase after four to eight weeks
to 50-100mg three times daily.
-Miglitol should be taken at the first bite of each meal.
-Smaller doses may be adequate for patients with severe kidney dysfunction.



Adverse effects:
1-Gastrointestinal disturbances such as flatulence,
abdominal distension, diarrhoea
2-and malabsorption
contra indications:
1-hypersessitivity to acarbode.
2-pregnancy.
3-patient less than 18years.
4-patient with chronic digestion,absorption disorders.
5-conditions aggravated by increased intestinal gases
(e.g. constrictions and ulcers of large intestine).

1-acarbose:
Pharmacokinitics:
More than 75% of an oral dose of acarbose is broken down by amylase in the small intestine and by bacteria in the large bowel. Some metabolites ,and a little acarbose itself are absorbed and excreted in the urine.
Dose:
The dose for patients with NIDDM is :
At first 50mg 3 times daily, taken before meals
may increase to 100mg 3 times daily
increase to a maximum of 200mg 3 times daily.
Dosages for IDDM in clinical trials were similar to those used in NIDDM.



Mechanism of action:
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are saccharides that act as competitive inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase enzymes in the brush border of the small intestines.


Definition:
They are oral anti-diabetic drugs used for
diabetes mellitus type1, 2 that work by
reducing the digestion of carbohydrates
(such as starch and table sugar).
Examples:
1-Acarbose.
2-Miglitol .
3-Voglibose.


Alpha_glucosidase inhibitors
Name: sally abdel monsif mohammed
ID:517
Adverse effects:
Flatulence, abdominal distension,
diarrhea, pain, skin reactions and low blood sugar.
Contraindications:
1-Contraindicated in patients with
inflammatory bowel disease,
gastrointestinal obstruction, hernia,
severe ketosis.
2- pregnancy and lactation.
3- Not to be used as single therapy in Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM).



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