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70 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260

Removal efficiency (%)

'ĶĴłĿIJ  &ČFDU PG Q) GPS UIF BETPSQUJPO PG "T 7 POUP 4 QFSTJDB TUFN BTI UIF JOJUJBM "T 7 DPODFOUSBUJPO   ঴H- BETPSCFOU EPTF   H- BOE DPOUBDU UJNF   NJO 

38

Contact time (min) Ӣ

९। BTI   $

ॊ  BTI Ӣ $

38 36 34 32

९। BTI  Ӣ $

ॊ  BTI Ӣ $

ॊ  Ӣ $

40

40

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 Adsorbent dose (g/L)

९। Ӣ $

ॊ  Ӣ $

42

30

10 11 12

Initial pH ९। Ӣ $

100 98 96 94 92 90 88 86 84 82 80 78 76 74

44

९। ঴HH

45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35

Removal efficiency (%)

+PVSOBM PG $IFNJTUSZ

Removal efficiency (%)

९। ঴HH



९।  BTI Ӣ $

ॊ  BTI Ӣ $

'ĶĴłĿIJ  &ČFDU PG DPOUBDU UJNF GPS UIF BETPSQUJPO PG "T 7 POUP 4 QFSTJDB TUFN BTI UIF JOJUJBM "T 7 DPODFOUSBUJPO   ঴H -æ Q)   BOE BETPSCFOU EPTF   H 

BU MPXFS BETPSCFOU EPTFT UIF JODSFBTF JO UIF QFSDFOUBHF PG "T 7 SFNPWBM XBT WFSZ IJHI CFDBVTF PG UIF JODSFBTF JO BETPSCFOU EPTF )PXFWFS BU IJHIFS BETPSCFOU EPTFT UIF JODSFBTF JO UIF SFNPWBM FďDJFODZ PG "T 7 XBT JOTJHOJĕDBOU ćJT NBZ PDDVS CFDBVTF BSTFOJD BETPSQUJPO IBQQFOT JO UXP TUBHFT XIJDI BSF GBTU GPSNBUJPO PG B NPOPMBZFS GPMMPXFE CZ B TMPX QMBUFBV TUBHF  'VSUIFSNPSF CPUI BETPSQUJPO FďDJFODZ BOE DBQBDJUZ IBWF UIF TBNF USFOE "T TIPXO JO 'JHVSF  BETPSQUJPO FďDJFODZ IBT HPOF VQ GSPN  BOE  BU B EPTF PG  H- UP  BOE  BU  H- XJUI B QFBL BU  H  BOE  GPS BTI BU Ӣ $ BOE Ӣ $ SFTQFDUJWFMZ *ODSFBTF JO SFNPWBM FďDJFODZ XBT CFDBVTF PG UIF HSFBUFS BWBJMBCJMJUZ PG UIF FYDIBOHFBCMF TJUFT PS TVSGBDF BSFB BU UIF IJHIFS DPODFOUSBUJPOT PG UIF BETPSCFOU  0O UIF PUIFS IBOE UIF JODSFBTF JO UIF FďDJFODZ PG SFNPWBM NBZ CF BUUSJCVUFE UP UIF GBDU UIBU XJUI BO JODSFBTF JO UIF BETPSCFOU EPTF NPSF BETPSCFOU TVSGBDF PS NPSF BETPSQUJPO TQPUT XFSF BWBJMBCMF GPS UIF TPMVUF UP CF BETPSCFE ćF SFTVMUT PG UIJT TUVEZ

९। BTI Ӣ $

ॊ  BTI Ӣ $

'ĶĴłĿIJ  &ČFDU PG BETPSCFOU EPTF PO "T 7 SFNPWBM UIF JOJUJBM "T 7 DPODFOUSBUJPO   ঴H- Q)   BOE DPOUBDU UJNF PG  BOE  NJO GPS BTI BU Ӣ $ BOE Ӣ $ 

BSF JO BDDPSEBODF XJUI PCUBJOFE ĕOEJOHT CZ PUIFS SFTFBSDIFST  ćF SBUF PG BETPSQUJPO EFQFOET VQPO UIF VODPWFSFE TVSGBDF BWBJMBCMF GPS BETPSQUJPO *OJUJBMMZ BT UIF XIPMF TVSGBDF XBT VODPWFSFE UIF SBUF PG BETPSQUJPO XBT WFSZ IJHI "T UIF TVSGBDF XBT DPWFSFE JODSFBTJOHMZ UIF SBUF PG BETPSQUJPO EFDSFBTFE 6MUJNBUFMZ B TUBHF XBT SFBDIFE XIFO UIFSF XBT OP NPSF BETPSQUJPO XJUI UIF GVSUIFS BEEJUJPO PG BETPSCFOU BOE BU UIBU UJNF FRVJMJCSJVN XBT BDIJFWFE ćF USFOE JO BETPSQUJPO DBQBDJUZ XBT CFDBVTF PG UIF JOUFSGFSFODF CFUXFFO CJOEJOH TJUFT BOE IJHIFS CJPNBTT EPTF PS JOTVďDJFODZ PG NFUBM JPOT JO TPMVUJPO XJUI SFTQFDU UP BWBJMBCMF CJOEJOH TJUFT  "ęFS TUVEZJOH UIF FČFDU PG DPODFOUSBUJPO PG BETPSCFOU PO BTI BU CPUI Ӣ $ BOE Ӣ $ B EPTF PG  HXBT TFMFDUFE GPS TVCTFRVFOU FYQFSJNFOUT  &ČFDU PG *OJUJBM $PODFOUSBUJPO PG "STFOJD ćF JOJUJBM DPODFOUSBUJPO QSPWJEFT BO JNQPSUBOU ESJWJOH GPSDF UP PWFS DPNF BMM NBTT USBOTGFS SFTJTUBODF PG UIF BETPSCBUF CFUXFFO UIF BRVFPVT BOE TPMJE QIBTFT  *O UIJT TUVEZ UIF FČFDU PG JOJUJBM "T 7 DPODFOUSBUJPOT PO BETPSQUJPO QSPDFTT XBT TUVEJFE BU Q)  BETPSCFOU DPODFOUSBUJPO  H- BOE DPOUBDU UJNF  BOE  NJO GPS BTI BU CPUI Ӣ $ BOE Ӣ $ "T DBO CF TFFO GSPN 'JHVSF  XIFO UIF JOJUJBM "T 7 DPODFOUSBUJPO JT JODSFBTFE UIF BNPVOUT PG BETPSCFE "T 7 BMTP JODSFBTF TP UIF SFNPWBM PG "T 7 EFQFOET PO UIF DPODFOUSBUJPO PG "T 7  0O UIF PUIFS IBOE UIF SFNPWBM FďDJFODZ PG "T 7

CZ 4 QFSTJDB TUFN BTI JODSFBTFE TIBSQMZ XJUI UIF JODSFBTF JO UIF JOJUJBM "T 7 DPODFOUSBUJPO VQ UP  ঴H- 'JOBMMZ B TUBHF XBT SFBDIFE XIFO UIFSF XBT OP NPSF BETPSQUJPO XJUI UIF NPSF JODSFBTF PG JOJUJBM "T 7 DPODFOUSBUJPO BOE BU UIBU UJNF FRVJMJCSJVN XBT BDIJFWFE 'PS FYBNQMF XIFO UIF JOJUJBM "T 7 DPODFOUSBUJPO JODSFBTFT GSPN  UP  ঴H- UIF FRVJMJCSJVN TPSQUJPO DBQBDJUJFT PG 4 QFSTJDB TUFN BTI JODSFBTF GSPN  BOE  ঴HH  BOE  UP  BOE  ঴HH  BOE  GPS BTI BU Ӣ $ BOE Ӣ $ SFTQFDUJWFMZ 4JNJMBS USFOET IBWF BMTP CFFO PCTFSWFE GPS SFNPWBM PG "T 7 GSPN BRVFPVT TPMVUJPOT NFUIZMFOF

 35

140

30

९। ঴HH

120

25

100

20

80

15

60 40

10

20

5

0 0

100 200 300 400 500 *OJUJBM DPODFOUSBUJPO PG "T ঴H-

९। BTI  Ӣ $

९। BTI Ӣ $

0 600

ै। ঴H- BTI Ӣ $

ै। ঴H- BTI Ӣ $

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POUP 4 QFSTJDB TUFN BTI BOE UIF FRVJMJCSJVN BETPSQUJPO EBUB XFSF BOBMZ[FE CZ VTJOH UIF -BOHNVJS BOE 'SFVOEMJDI JTPUIFSN NPEFMT ćF -BOHNVJS JTPUIFSN NPEFM JT WBMJE GPS NPOPMBZFS BETPSQUJPO POUP TVSGBDF DPOUBJOJOH B ĕOJUF OVNCFS PG JEFOUJDBM TPSQUJPO TJUFT XIJDI JT QSFTFOUFE CZ UIF GPMMPXJOH FRVBUJPO 

XIFSF ९। JT UIF BNPVOU PG NFUBM BETPSCFE QFS TQFDJĕD BNPVOU PG BETPSCFOU ঴HH

ै। JT FRVJMJCSJVN DPODFOUSBUJPO PG UIF TPMVUJPO ঴H-

BOE ९५ JT UIF NBYJNVN BNPVOU PG "T 7

SFRVJSFE UP GPSN B NPOPMBZFS ঴HH  ćF -BOHNVJS FRVBUJPO DBO CF SFBSSBOHFE UP B MJOFBS GPSN GPS UIF DPOWFOJFODF PG QMPUUJOH BOE EFUFSNJOJOH UIF -BOHNVJS DPOTUBOUT ॐ॑ BOE UIF NBYJNVN NPOPMBZFS BETPSQUJPO DBQBDJUZ PG 4 QFSTJDB ९५  ćF WBMVFT PG ९५ BOE ॐ॑ DBO CF EFUFSNJOFE GSPN UIF MJOFBS QMPU PG ९। WFSTVT ै।        ९। ९५ ९५ ॐ४ ै।

ॗ  

0.15 0.1 0.05 0 0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

ै।

'ĶĴłĿIJ  ćF -BOHNVJS JTPUIFSN GPS BETPSQUJPO PG "T 7 POUP 4 QFSTJDB TUFN BTI Ӣ $

CMVF EZF TPSQUJPO POUP CBNCPPCBTFE BDUJWBUFE DBSCPO DPUUPO XBTUF BOE 3FBDUJWF 3FE  SFNPWBM CZ TJOHMF XBMMFE DBSCPO OBOPUVCFT GSPN BRVFPVT FOWJSPONFOUT  "T NFOUJPOFE BCPWF UIF JOJUJBM TPSCBUF DPODFOUSBUJPOT QSP WJEF BO JNQPSUBOU ESJWJOH GPSDF UP PWFSDPNF UIF NBTT USBOTGFS SFTJTUBODF PG UIF BETPSCBUF CFUXFFO UIF BRVFPVT QIBTFT BOE UIF TPMJE QIBTFT TP JODSFBTJOH JOJUJBM DPODFOUSBUJPOT XPVME FOIBODF UIF BETPSQUJPO DBQBDJUZ PG BSTFOJD

९ ५ ॐ ४ ै।

 ॐ४ ै।

ॷ  æॶ 

0.2

− 0.05

'ĶĴłĿIJ  &ČFDU PG JOJUJBM "T 7 DPODFOUSBUJPO GPS UIF BETPSQUJPO PG "T 7 POUP BETPSCFOU JO PQUJNVN DPOEJUJPO BETPSCFOU EPTF   H- Q)   BOE DPOUBDU UJNF  BOE  NJO GPS BTI BU Ӣ $ BOE Ӣ $ 

९। 

0.25

९।

160

"T FRVJMJCSJVN DPODFOUSBUJPO ঴H-

+PVSOBM PG $IFNJTUSZ



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Ӣ $ Ӣ $

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0.18 0.16 0.14

ॷ  æॶ 

९।

0.12

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0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02

0 − 0.02 0

0.05

0.1

0.15 0.2 ै।

0.25

0.3

0.35

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ॷ  æॶ 

2

MPH ९।

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ॗ  

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