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ZOOTAXA ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)
Two new larval species of Erythraeus (Zaracarus) (Acari: Erythraeidae) from western Iran MOHAMMAD KHANJANI1, ALI-NAGHI MIRMOAYEDI2, ABOULGHASEM REZAI NAHAD2 & BAHMAN ASALI FAYAZ1 1 2
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran. E-mail:
[email protected]. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
Abstract Two new larval species of Erythraeus from western Iran, namely: E. (Zaracarus) soleimanii sp. nov. from a green lacewing, Chrysoperla kolthoffi (Navas) and E. (Z.) hamedanicus sp. nov. from a firebug, Pyrrhocoris apterus L. (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae) are illustrated and described. A key to the world species is given. Key words: Acari, Erythraeidae, Erythraeus (Zaracarus), ectoparasite, Hamedan, Iran
Introduction Members of the subgenus Erythraeus (Zaracarus) Southcott, 1995 are mostly ectoparasites of phytophagous insects such as aphids, leaf hoppers and firebugs (Goldarazena & Zhang 1998; Saboori 2000; this manuscript) but also entomophagous insects like dolichopodid flies and green lacewings (Southcott 1995; this manuscript). Several records are also from plants, where larvae presumably roam in search of host insects (Table 1). This subgenus is represented in the Canary Islands, Hungary, Iran, Poland, Spain, Turkey and Greece (Haitlinger 1987, 1997, 2000, 2006; Fain & Ripka 1998; Haitlinger & Saboori 1996; Saboori 2000; Saboori & Nowzari 2001; Saboori & Akrami 2001; Saboori et al. 2004a, b; Southcott 1995; Goldarazena & Zhang 1998; Khanjani & Ueckermann 2005). To date 17 species are described in the world (Table 1). In this paper the eighteenth and nineteenth species, E. (Zaracarus) soleimanii sp. nov. ectoparasitic on a green lacewing, Chrysoperla kolthoffi (Navas) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), from Razan, Hamedan, and E. (Z.) hamedanicus sp. nov., ectoparasitic on a firebug, Pyrrhocoris apterus L. (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae), from Hamedan, Iran, are described here.
Material and methods In order to collect neuropteran fauna of Hamedan province, light traps were established at two different stations, namely: Razan, Shahanjarin (35º 13′ 22″ N, 49º 10′ 16″ E and altitude 1825 m a.s.l) and College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan (34º 48′ N, 48º 28′ E and altitude 1820 m a.s.l.), Iran. Both traps operated from mid July to late September 2009 and were emptied at 8 AM each day. The materials collected by light traps were preserved in 70% alcohol. The mites were separated from green lacewings and firebugs directly under the stereomicroscope and mounted directly on microscope slides in Hoyer’s medium. Drawings were made by means of a Camera Lucida mounted on an Olympus BX51 compound microscope. The terminology follows Haitlinger (2003) and Goldarazena & Zhang (1998). The holotypes are deposited in the Acari Collection of the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali-Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. and one paratype of each new species will be deposited in the Arachnida Collection of ARCPlant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa. Measurements are given in micrometers (μm). Accepted by O. Seeman: 5 Jun. 2010; published: 15 Jul. 2010
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TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. TABLE 1. Species of Erythraeus (Zaracarus)¸ their hosts and distribution. Distribution
Host
Species
No.
Turkey
Empoasca sp. (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)
E. (Z.) aydinicus
1
Hungary
Hop-tree (Ptelea trifoliata L.)
E. (Z.) budapestensis
2
Turkey
unknown host
E. (Z.) didonae
3
Poland
unknown host
E.(Z.) eleonorae
4
Canary island
unknown plant
E. (Z.) fabiolae
5
Iran
firebug, Pyrrhocoris apterus L. (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae)
E. (Z.) hamedanicus sp. nov.
6
Greece
unknown host
E. (Z.) kastaniensis
7
Iran
an aphid
E. (Z.) kharrazii
8
Iran
soil and litter under oak trees
E. (Z.) kurdistaniensis
9
Iran
unknown aphid
E. (Z.) iranicus
10
Australia
on fly (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)
E. (Z.) lancifer
11
Iran
an undetermined aphid
E. (Z.) longipedus
12
Greece
unknown host
E. (Z.) passidonicus
13
Spain
Therioaphis luteola (Borner) (Homoptera: Aphidiidae) E. (Z.) perciosus
14
Iran
a cicadellid
E. (Z.) rajabii
15
Croatia
unknown plant
E. (Z.) sibulginicus
16
Iran
green lacewing, Chrysoperla kolthoffi (Navas)
E. (Z.) soleimanii sp. nov.
17
Iran
unknown plant
E. (Z.) tehranicus
18
Iran
unknown plant
E. (Z.) ueckermanni
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Subgenus Erythraeus (Zaracarus) Southcott Type species: E. (Z.) lancifer Southcott, 1995: 223.
The subgenus Zaracarus can easily be recognized by the following combination of characters: antero- lateral setae (AL) with or without expansion basally but tapered distally (Goldarazena, A. & Zhang, Z.Q. 1998); AL longer than postero-lateral scutal setae (PL); scutum oval or trapezoid; dorsal idiosomal setae thicker than opisthogastral setae; anterior sensilla (AM) are situated in obliquely-set sockets with cuticular structures (Haitlinger, 1998). These sockets are absent in all the species of the subgenus Erythraeus s.str.
Key to the species of the subgenus Zaracarus of the world (Larvae) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. -
Setal formula of basifemora 2-2-2 ................................................................................................................................ 2 Setal formula of basifemora 3-3-3 .............................................................................................................................. 11 AL≤157, PL ≤ 81 .......................................................................................................................................................... 3 AL 200–242, PL 100 ......................................................................................................... E. (Z.) eleonorae Haitlinger Opisthogaster with five to seven pairs of setae (fV)..................................................................................................... 4 Opisthogaster with three pairs of setae (fV) .................................................... E. (Z.) tehranicus Haitlinger & Saboori AL not expanded basally but AM in oblique cuticular sockets.................................................................................... 5 AL expanded basally and AM in oblique socket.......................................................................................................... 6 Tibia I–III 137-140-215 long respectively, fn tibiae I–III 12-14-14.........................................E. (Z.) kharrazi Saboori Tibia I–III 162-110-136 long respectively, fn tibiae I–III 11-15-15 ......................................E. (Z.) didonae Haitlinger W ≥ 133, tibia III ≥ 196 ................................................................................................................................................ 7 W 117, tibia III 162......................................................................................... E. (Z.) perciosus Goldarazena & Zhang
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Tibia I–III 14-15-14 or 15-15-16 .................................................................................................................................. 8 Tibia I–III 14-15-15 ...................................................................................................................................................... 9 AL 127, tibia I–III 14-15-14, tarsus I 25 ................................................................ E. (Z.) iranicus Saboori & Akrami AL 150, , tibia I–III 15-15-16, tarsus I 20 ............................................................ E. (Z.) budapestensis Fain & Ripka Sternala 1b ≤ 87, IP 1831-1933, AL ≥ 148................................................................................................................. 10 Sternala 1b 124, IP 2606, AL 138 .......................................................E. (Z.) kurdistanensis Khanjani & Ueckermann NDV 58, fn tarsi I–III, 24-21-21, AM 32, S 77................................................................E. (Z.) hamedanicus sp. nov. NDV 48 fn tarsi I–III 20-17-22, AM 51, S 85.......................................................... E. (Z.) ueckermann Saboori et al. Tarsus III ≤ 182, tibia III ≤ 395, genu III 216............................................................................................................ .12 Tarsus III 220, tibia III 463, genu III 245 ............................................................................. E. (Z.) soleimanii sp. nov. Tibia I 310, tibia II 304, PL 104, IP 3852............................................................................ E. (Z.) fabiolae Haitlinger Tibia I < 280, tibia II ≤ 280, PL < 80, ≤ IP 3500........................................................................................................ 13 Opisthogaster with four pairs of setae (fV) ...................................................... E. (Z.) longipedus Saboori & Nowzari Opisthogaster with 11 or more setae (fV)................................................................................................................... 14 NVD 68, fD each 54, ISD 78......................................................................................... E. (Z.) kastaniensis Haitlinger NVD ≤ 51, fD ≤ 37, ISD ≤ 66 .................................................................................................................................... 15 IP = 2710, tibia I with 12–14 setae, tibia III ≥ 356, genu III ≥ 184............................................................................ 16 IP = 2710, fn tibia I 16, tibia III 304, genu III 157 ................................................................. E. (Z.) lancifer Southcott AL with expanded bases, tarsus I with ≥ 20 setae ...................................................................................................... 17 AL with smooth and thin bases, tarsus I with 16 setae..................................................E. (Z.) passidonicus Haitlinger W 127–146, AL 167–192, tarsus II 153–165, tibia II 15............................................................................................ 18 W 160, AL 104, tarsus II 93, tibia II 14......................................................................... E. (Z.) sibulginicus Haitlinger fD 31, fV12, AL 167, IP3371, tibia II 15 ......................................................................E. (Z.) aydinicus Saboori et al. fD 26, fV 14, AL192, IP 3112, tibia III 12 ................................................................................ E. (Z.) rajabii Saboori
Erythraeus (Zaracarus) soleimanii sp. nov. (Figs. 1–13) Type material. Holotype and 14 paratype larvae from Chrysoperla kolthoffi (Navas) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), Shahanjarin, Razan (35º 13′ 22″ N, 49º 10′ 16″ E and altitude 1825 m a.s.l), Hamedan Province, 8 June, 2009, Aboulghasem Rezai-Nahad. Description. For measurements see table 2. Dorsum (Figs. 1–2). Prodorsal scutum with two pairs of barbed setae (AL and PL) and two pairs of barbed sensilla (AM and S). Anterior sensilla (AM) very short, situated in obliquely positioned sockets or trichobothria. Posterior sensilla (S) long and barbed. Anterolateral setae (AL) not expanded basally and acute points and posterolaterals (PL) less than half the length of AL. Scutum almost hexagonal with anterior margins straight and posterior concave (Fig. 2). Opisthosoma with 31 long, barbed setae and two pairs of unequally in diameter eyes anterolaterally (Fig. 1). Venter (Fig. 3). With a pair of setae between coxae I (1a) and III (3a). Opisthogaster with seven pairs of barbed setae. Ventral setae are narrower than dorsal setae. Gnathosoma (Figs. 4–6). Infracapitulum with one pair of hypostomal (Hy) 54 (52) and adoral setae (or) 38 (41) (Fig. 6). Palp five-segmented; femur and genu each with one barbed seta; tibia with three barbed setae, with tibial claw bifurcate (Fig. 4); tarsus with seven setae, one of which is longer than others (including eupathidium), one eupathidium and one solenidion (Fig. 4). Legs (Figs. 7–13). Leg setae barbed. Legs six segmented (coxae excluded) with divided femora. Tarsi terminate into two lateral claws and a claw-like empodium. Chaetotaxy of segments as follows: coxae 1-1-1; trochanters 1-1-1; basifemora 3-3-3; telofemora 5-5-5; genua 8+1σ+1k - 8+1k - 8; tibiae 14+2ϕ +1Cp+1κ 15+2ϕ - 14+1ϕ; tarsi 25+2ζ+1ω - 22+2ζ+1ω - 23+1ζ. Remarks. Erythraeus (Zaracarus) soleimanii sp. nov. belongs to the species group of the subgenus Zaracarus with basifemoral setal formula 3-3-3. It is closely related to E. (Z.) aydinicus, E. (Z.) sibulginicus, E. (Z.) lancifer, E. (Z.) kastaniensis, E. (Z.) passidonicus, E. (Z.) longipedus, E. (Z.) fabiolae, E. (Z.) rajabii, E. (Z.) lancifer, E. (Z.) passidonicus and E. (Z.) kastaniensis. However, it differs from all these species by differences in measurements and numbers of setae. (Tables 4–5).
TWO NEW LARVAL SPECIES OF ERYTHRAEUS (ZARACARUS)
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FIGURES 1–5. Erythraeus (Zaracarus) soleimani sp. nov. (Larva). 1, dorsal view; 2, scutum; 3, ventral view; 4, palp ventral view; 5. palp dorsal view.
Etymology. The species is named in honour of Prof. Mohammad Javad Soleimani Pari, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran, for helping the senior author.
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FIGURES 6–10. Erythraeus (Zaracarus) soleimani sp. nov. (Larva). 6, subcapitulum; 7, femur-tibia I; 8, femur-tibia II; 9, femur-genu III; 10, tibia III.
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FIGURES 11–13. Erythraeus (Zaracarus) soleimani sp. nov. 11, tarsus I; 12, tarsus II; 13, tarsus III.
TABLE 2. Measurements of the larval stage of Zaracarus (Z.) soleimanii sp. nov. (n = 15). Characters
Holotype
Mean
SD
Min
Max
DL
778
996.7
122.1
778
1145
IL
565
789.7
127.6
565
945
IW
420
617.6
117.9
420
810
L
113
112.0
6.1
100
120
W
180
179.1
13.9
170
203
AW
55
55.6
1.8
53
58
PW
135
130.9
9.9
118
150
Sba
25
25.6
3.4
23
30
SBp
20
21.0
2.6
17
25 Continued next page
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TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. TABLE 2. (continued) Characters
Holotype
Mean
SD
Min
Max
ISD
82
81.3
6.2
70
88
AL
120
108.8
7.2
100
120
PL
83
76.1
4.8
63
83
AM
35
33.9
3.2
30
40
S
88
84.9
6.9
70
93
OC1
20
20.9
1.4
20
23
OC2
23
18.8
2.6
15
23
DS
68
70.0
7.5
58
80
PDS
68
73.2
9.6
60
100
1a
35
45.4
7.6
35
65
1b
128
118.6
10.0
108
130
2b
45
43.8
4.2
38
55
3a
35
41.4
8.0
35
63
3b
50
57.4
5.9
48
63
PaScFed
80
77.6
2.1
75
80
PaScGed
90
80.3
4.4
75
90
Ta I(L)
213
210.0
10.2
195
220
Ta I(H)
20
20.2
2.0
18
25
Ti I
363
330.2
13.5
313
363
Ge I
245
239.5
7.5
225
250
Tfe I
170
163.6
5.6
155
170
Bfe I
185
176.1
12.1
150
195
Tr I
68
64.5
6.6
60
80
Cx I
75
81.4
15.7
55
100
Ta II(L)
203
194.2
7.0
188
203
Ta II(H)
18
19.8
1.8
18
25
Ti II
335
320.9
15.9
300
350
Ge II
202
193.8
7.3
183
205
Tfe II
155
150.3
9.5
138
170
Bfe II
163
157.4
10.2
133
170
Tr II
65
65.5
4.4
58
75
Cx II
75
92.1
13.1
68
110
Ta III(L)
220
214.3
9.9
200
230
Ta III(H)
18
18.2
2.3
15
23
Ti III
463
450.0
35.0
375
475
Ge III
245
232.0
13.1
200
250
Tfe III
200
191.9
10.2
180
215
Bfe III
200
197.2
10.3
178
215
Tr III
63
66.8
5.4
63
80
Cx III
102
100.9
5.6
88
108
IP
3979
3798
117.5
3705
4020
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Erythraeus (Zaracarus) hamedanicus sp. nov. (Figs. 14–28) Type material. Holotype and one paratype larvae from firebug, Pyrrhocoris apterus L. (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae), College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan (34° 48´ N, 48° 28´ E, alitude 1820 m a.s.l.), Iran. Description. For measurements see table 3. Dorsum (Figs. 14–15). Prodorsal scutum with two pairs of barbed setae (AL and PL) and two pairs of barbed sensillae (AM and S). Anterior sensilla (AM) situated in obliquely positioned sockets or trichobothria and two times shorter than posterior sensilla (S), anterior half barbed. Anterolateral setae (AL) expanded basally and acute points with posterolaterals (PL) are as long as half length of AL (Fig. 15). Scutum almost trapezoid with anterior and posterior margins concave; two pairs of eyes posterolateral to scutum. Opisthosoma with 43 rather long and barbed setae (Fig. 14). fD = 43. TABLE 3. Measurements of the larval stage of Erythraeus (Zaracarus) hamedanicus sp. nov. (n = 2). Character
Holotype
Paratype
Character
Holotype
Paratype
DL
700
725
Ta I (L)
110
110
IL
575
537
Ta I (H)
18
23
IW
350
354
Ti I
128
130
L
88
85
Ge I
105
100
W
138
140
Tfe I
75
75
AW
55
52
Bfe I
78
75
PW
108
106
Tr I
50
38
Sba
28
20
Cx I
65
65
SBp
28
18
Ta II (L)
100
100
ISD
48
47
Ta II (H)
20
20
AL
168
145
Ti II
133
130
PL
68
63
Ge II
93
95
AM
33
31
Tfe II
73
73
S
78
76
Bfe II
75
73
OC
20
20
Tr II
50
40
DS
53
63
Cx II
75
75
PDS
68
75
Ta III (L)
120
123
1a
63
65
Ta III (H)
15
18
1b
88
80
Ti III
198
193
2b
30
30
Ge III
108
113
3a
45
43
Tfe III
85
85
3b
50
40
Bfe III
90
90
PsFd
38
40
Tr III
60
55
PaScGev
65
63
Cx III
83
88
Ta I (L)
110
110
IP
1939
1926
Venter (Fig. 16). With a pair of setae between coxae I (1a) and III (3a). Opisthogaster with eight pairs of setae. Gnathosoma (Figs. 17–19). Infracapitulum with one subcapitular seta, Hy 48 (51) and one oral plus one adoral seta or 35 (32). Palp five-segmented, femur and genu each with one barbed seta, tibia with three barbed setae with bifurcate claw, tarsus with nine setae including a eupathidium and one solenidion, one of which is long.
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Legs (Figs. 20–28). Legs six segmented (coxae excluded) with femora divided. Tarsi terminate into two lateral claws and a claw-like empodium. Leg setae barbed. Chaetotaxy of segments as follows: coxae 1-1-1; trochanters 1-1-1; basifemora 2-2-2; telofemora 5-5-5; genua 8+1σ+1κ - 8+1κ - 8; tibiae 14+2ϕ+1Cp+1κ 15+2ϕ - 15+1ϕ; tarsi 24+2ξ+1ω+1ε - 21+2ξ+1ω - 21+1ξ. Remarks. The news species belongs to the group of species of which the setal formula of the basifemora are 2-2-2. It is closely related to E. (Z.) kurdistanensis, E. (Z.) iranicus, E. (Z.) perciosus, E. (Z.) budapestensis, E. (Z.) didonae, E. (Z.) tehranicus, E. (Z.) eleonorae and E. (Z.) ueckermanni, E. (Z.) kharrazii. However, it can be distinguished from these species by several differences in measurements and setation patterns (Tables 4–5). Etymology. This species is named after the city Hamedan, where this species was collected.
FIGURES 14–17. Erythraeus (Zaracarus) hamedanicus sp. nov. (Larva). 14, Dorsal view; 15, scutum; 16, ventral view; 17, subcapitulum.
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FIGURES 18–22. Erythraeus (Zaracarus) hamedanicus sp. nov. (Larva). 18, palp dorsal view; 19, palp ventral view; 20, femur, genu I; 21, femur, genu II; 22, femur, genu III.
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FIGURES 23–28. Erythraeus (Zaracarus) hamedanicus sp. nov. (Larva). 23, tibia I; 24, tibia II; 25, tibia II; 26, tarsus I; 27, tarsus II; 28, tarsus III.
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Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank Prof. Alireza Saboori of the University of Tehran for his critical review and also obtaining literature for this paper.
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