Article Two new larval species of Erythraeus (Zaracarus) (Acari: Erythraeidae) from western Iran

June 5, 2017 | Autor: Alinaghi Mirmoayedi | Categoria: Evolutionary Biology, Zoology
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TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. Zootaxa 2537: 19–32 (2010) www.mapress.com / zootaxa/

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ZOOTAXA ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)

Two new larval species of Erythraeus (Zaracarus) (Acari: Erythraeidae) from western Iran MOHAMMAD KHANJANI1, ALI-NAGHI MIRMOAYEDI2, ABOULGHASEM REZAI NAHAD2 & BAHMAN ASALI FAYAZ1 1 2

Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran. E-mail: [email protected]. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

Abstract Two new larval species of Erythraeus from western Iran, namely: E. (Zaracarus) soleimanii sp. nov. from a green lacewing, Chrysoperla kolthoffi (Navas) and E. (Z.) hamedanicus sp. nov. from a firebug, Pyrrhocoris apterus L. (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae) are illustrated and described. A key to the world species is given. Key words: Acari, Erythraeidae, Erythraeus (Zaracarus), ectoparasite, Hamedan, Iran

Introduction Members of the subgenus Erythraeus (Zaracarus) Southcott, 1995 are mostly ectoparasites of phytophagous insects such as aphids, leaf hoppers and firebugs (Goldarazena & Zhang 1998; Saboori 2000; this manuscript) but also entomophagous insects like dolichopodid flies and green lacewings (Southcott 1995; this manuscript). Several records are also from plants, where larvae presumably roam in search of host insects (Table 1). This subgenus is represented in the Canary Islands, Hungary, Iran, Poland, Spain, Turkey and Greece (Haitlinger 1987, 1997, 2000, 2006; Fain & Ripka 1998; Haitlinger & Saboori 1996; Saboori 2000; Saboori & Nowzari 2001; Saboori & Akrami 2001; Saboori et al. 2004a, b; Southcott 1995; Goldarazena & Zhang 1998; Khanjani & Ueckermann 2005). To date 17 species are described in the world (Table 1). In this paper the eighteenth and nineteenth species, E. (Zaracarus) soleimanii sp. nov. ectoparasitic on a green lacewing, Chrysoperla kolthoffi (Navas) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), from Razan, Hamedan, and E. (Z.) hamedanicus sp. nov., ectoparasitic on a firebug, Pyrrhocoris apterus L. (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae), from Hamedan, Iran, are described here.

Material and methods In order to collect neuropteran fauna of Hamedan province, light traps were established at two different stations, namely: Razan, Shahanjarin (35º 13′ 22″ N, 49º 10′ 16″ E and altitude 1825 m a.s.l) and College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan (34º 48′ N, 48º 28′ E and altitude 1820 m a.s.l.), Iran. Both traps operated from mid July to late September 2009 and were emptied at 8 AM each day. The materials collected by light traps were preserved in 70% alcohol. The mites were separated from green lacewings and firebugs directly under the stereomicroscope and mounted directly on microscope slides in Hoyer’s medium. Drawings were made by means of a Camera Lucida mounted on an Olympus BX51 compound microscope. The terminology follows Haitlinger (2003) and Goldarazena & Zhang (1998). The holotypes are deposited in the Acari Collection of the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu Ali-Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. and one paratype of each new species will be deposited in the Arachnida Collection of ARCPlant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa. Measurements are given in micrometers (μm). Accepted by O. Seeman: 5 Jun. 2010; published: 15 Jul. 2010

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TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. TABLE 1. Species of Erythraeus (Zaracarus)¸ their hosts and distribution. Distribution

Host

Species

No.

Turkey

Empoasca sp. (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)

E. (Z.) aydinicus

1

Hungary

Hop-tree (Ptelea trifoliata L.)

E. (Z.) budapestensis

2

Turkey

unknown host

E. (Z.) didonae

3

Poland

unknown host

E.(Z.) eleonorae

4

Canary island

unknown plant

E. (Z.) fabiolae

5

Iran

firebug, Pyrrhocoris apterus L. (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae)

E. (Z.) hamedanicus sp. nov.

6

Greece

unknown host

E. (Z.) kastaniensis

7

Iran

an aphid

E. (Z.) kharrazii

8

Iran

soil and litter under oak trees

E. (Z.) kurdistaniensis

9

Iran

unknown aphid

E. (Z.) iranicus

10

Australia

on fly (Diptera: Dolichopodidae)

E. (Z.) lancifer

11

Iran

an undetermined aphid

E. (Z.) longipedus

12

Greece

unknown host

E. (Z.) passidonicus

13

Spain

Therioaphis luteola (Borner) (Homoptera: Aphidiidae) E. (Z.) perciosus

14

Iran

a cicadellid

E. (Z.) rajabii

15

Croatia

unknown plant

E. (Z.) sibulginicus

16

Iran

green lacewing, Chrysoperla kolthoffi (Navas)

E. (Z.) soleimanii sp. nov.

17

Iran

unknown plant

E. (Z.) tehranicus

18

Iran

unknown plant

E. (Z.) ueckermanni

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Subgenus Erythraeus (Zaracarus) Southcott Type species: E. (Z.) lancifer Southcott, 1995: 223.

The subgenus Zaracarus can easily be recognized by the following combination of characters: antero- lateral setae (AL) with or without expansion basally but tapered distally (Goldarazena, A. & Zhang, Z.Q. 1998); AL longer than postero-lateral scutal setae (PL); scutum oval or trapezoid; dorsal idiosomal setae thicker than opisthogastral setae; anterior sensilla (AM) are situated in obliquely-set sockets with cuticular structures (Haitlinger, 1998). These sockets are absent in all the species of the subgenus Erythraeus s.str.

Key to the species of the subgenus Zaracarus of the world (Larvae) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. -

Setal formula of basifemora 2-2-2 ................................................................................................................................ 2 Setal formula of basifemora 3-3-3 .............................................................................................................................. 11 AL≤157, PL ≤ 81 .......................................................................................................................................................... 3 AL 200–242, PL 100 ......................................................................................................... E. (Z.) eleonorae Haitlinger Opisthogaster with five to seven pairs of setae (fV)..................................................................................................... 4 Opisthogaster with three pairs of setae (fV) .................................................... E. (Z.) tehranicus Haitlinger & Saboori AL not expanded basally but AM in oblique cuticular sockets.................................................................................... 5 AL expanded basally and AM in oblique socket.......................................................................................................... 6 Tibia I–III 137-140-215 long respectively, fn tibiae I–III 12-14-14.........................................E. (Z.) kharrazi Saboori Tibia I–III 162-110-136 long respectively, fn tibiae I–III 11-15-15 ......................................E. (Z.) didonae Haitlinger W ≥ 133, tibia III ≥ 196 ................................................................................................................................................ 7 W 117, tibia III 162......................................................................................... E. (Z.) perciosus Goldarazena & Zhang

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Tibia I–III 14-15-14 or 15-15-16 .................................................................................................................................. 8 Tibia I–III 14-15-15 ...................................................................................................................................................... 9 AL 127, tibia I–III 14-15-14, tarsus I 25 ................................................................ E. (Z.) iranicus Saboori & Akrami AL 150, , tibia I–III 15-15-16, tarsus I 20 ............................................................ E. (Z.) budapestensis Fain & Ripka Sternala 1b ≤ 87, IP 1831-1933, AL ≥ 148................................................................................................................. 10 Sternala 1b 124, IP 2606, AL 138 .......................................................E. (Z.) kurdistanensis Khanjani & Ueckermann NDV 58, fn tarsi I–III, 24-21-21, AM 32, S 77................................................................E. (Z.) hamedanicus sp. nov. NDV 48 fn tarsi I–III 20-17-22, AM 51, S 85.......................................................... E. (Z.) ueckermann Saboori et al. Tarsus III ≤ 182, tibia III ≤ 395, genu III 216............................................................................................................ .12 Tarsus III 220, tibia III 463, genu III 245 ............................................................................. E. (Z.) soleimanii sp. nov. Tibia I 310, tibia II 304, PL 104, IP 3852............................................................................ E. (Z.) fabiolae Haitlinger Tibia I < 280, tibia II ≤ 280, PL < 80, ≤ IP 3500........................................................................................................ 13 Opisthogaster with four pairs of setae (fV) ...................................................... E. (Z.) longipedus Saboori & Nowzari Opisthogaster with 11 or more setae (fV)................................................................................................................... 14 NVD 68, fD each 54, ISD 78......................................................................................... E. (Z.) kastaniensis Haitlinger NVD ≤ 51, fD ≤ 37, ISD ≤ 66 .................................................................................................................................... 15 IP = 2710, tibia I with 12–14 setae, tibia III ≥ 356, genu III ≥ 184............................................................................ 16 IP = 2710, fn tibia I 16, tibia III 304, genu III 157 ................................................................. E. (Z.) lancifer Southcott AL with expanded bases, tarsus I with ≥ 20 setae ...................................................................................................... 17 AL with smooth and thin bases, tarsus I with 16 setae..................................................E. (Z.) passidonicus Haitlinger W 127–146, AL 167–192, tarsus II 153–165, tibia II 15............................................................................................ 18 W 160, AL 104, tarsus II 93, tibia II 14......................................................................... E. (Z.) sibulginicus Haitlinger fD 31, fV12, AL 167, IP3371, tibia II 15 ......................................................................E. (Z.) aydinicus Saboori et al. fD 26, fV 14, AL192, IP 3112, tibia III 12 ................................................................................ E. (Z.) rajabii Saboori

Erythraeus (Zaracarus) soleimanii sp. nov. (Figs. 1–13) Type material. Holotype and 14 paratype larvae from Chrysoperla kolthoffi (Navas) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), Shahanjarin, Razan (35º 13′ 22″ N, 49º 10′ 16″ E and altitude 1825 m a.s.l), Hamedan Province, 8 June, 2009, Aboulghasem Rezai-Nahad. Description. For measurements see table 2. Dorsum (Figs. 1–2). Prodorsal scutum with two pairs of barbed setae (AL and PL) and two pairs of barbed sensilla (AM and S). Anterior sensilla (AM) very short, situated in obliquely positioned sockets or trichobothria. Posterior sensilla (S) long and barbed. Anterolateral setae (AL) not expanded basally and acute points and posterolaterals (PL) less than half the length of AL. Scutum almost hexagonal with anterior margins straight and posterior concave (Fig. 2). Opisthosoma with 31 long, barbed setae and two pairs of unequally in diameter eyes anterolaterally (Fig. 1). Venter (Fig. 3). With a pair of setae between coxae I (1a) and III (3a). Opisthogaster with seven pairs of barbed setae. Ventral setae are narrower than dorsal setae. Gnathosoma (Figs. 4–6). Infracapitulum with one pair of hypostomal (Hy) 54 (52) and adoral setae (or) 38 (41) (Fig. 6). Palp five-segmented; femur and genu each with one barbed seta; tibia with three barbed setae, with tibial claw bifurcate (Fig. 4); tarsus with seven setae, one of which is longer than others (including eupathidium), one eupathidium and one solenidion (Fig. 4). Legs (Figs. 7–13). Leg setae barbed. Legs six segmented (coxae excluded) with divided femora. Tarsi terminate into two lateral claws and a claw-like empodium. Chaetotaxy of segments as follows: coxae 1-1-1; trochanters 1-1-1; basifemora 3-3-3; telofemora 5-5-5; genua 8+1σ+1k - 8+1k - 8; tibiae 14+2ϕ +1Cp+1κ 15+2ϕ - 14+1ϕ; tarsi 25+2ζ+1ω - 22+2ζ+1ω - 23+1ζ. Remarks. Erythraeus (Zaracarus) soleimanii sp. nov. belongs to the species group of the subgenus Zaracarus with basifemoral setal formula 3-3-3. It is closely related to E. (Z.) aydinicus, E. (Z.) sibulginicus, E. (Z.) lancifer, E. (Z.) kastaniensis, E. (Z.) passidonicus, E. (Z.) longipedus, E. (Z.) fabiolae, E. (Z.) rajabii, E. (Z.) lancifer, E. (Z.) passidonicus and E. (Z.) kastaniensis. However, it differs from all these species by differences in measurements and numbers of setae. (Tables 4–5).

TWO NEW LARVAL SPECIES OF ERYTHRAEUS (ZARACARUS)

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FIGURES 1–5. Erythraeus (Zaracarus) soleimani sp. nov. (Larva). 1, dorsal view; 2, scutum; 3, ventral view; 4, palp ventral view; 5. palp dorsal view.

Etymology. The species is named in honour of Prof. Mohammad Javad Soleimani Pari, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran, for helping the senior author.

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FIGURES 6–10. Erythraeus (Zaracarus) soleimani sp. nov. (Larva). 6, subcapitulum; 7, femur-tibia I; 8, femur-tibia II; 9, femur-genu III; 10, tibia III.

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FIGURES 11–13. Erythraeus (Zaracarus) soleimani sp. nov. 11, tarsus I; 12, tarsus II; 13, tarsus III.

TABLE 2. Measurements of the larval stage of Zaracarus (Z.) soleimanii sp. nov. (n = 15). Characters

Holotype

Mean

SD

Min

Max

DL

778

996.7

122.1

778

1145

IL

565

789.7

127.6

565

945

IW

420

617.6

117.9

420

810

L

113

112.0

6.1

100

120

W

180

179.1

13.9

170

203

AW

55

55.6

1.8

53

58

PW

135

130.9

9.9

118

150

Sba

25

25.6

3.4

23

30

SBp

20

21.0

2.6

17

25 Continued next page

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TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. TABLE 2. (continued) Characters

Holotype

Mean

SD

Min

Max

ISD

82

81.3

6.2

70

88

AL

120

108.8

7.2

100

120

PL

83

76.1

4.8

63

83

AM

35

33.9

3.2

30

40

S

88

84.9

6.9

70

93

OC1

20

20.9

1.4

20

23

OC2

23

18.8

2.6

15

23

DS

68

70.0

7.5

58

80

PDS

68

73.2

9.6

60

100

1a

35

45.4

7.6

35

65

1b

128

118.6

10.0

108

130

2b

45

43.8

4.2

38

55

3a

35

41.4

8.0

35

63

3b

50

57.4

5.9

48

63

PaScFed

80

77.6

2.1

75

80

PaScGed

90

80.3

4.4

75

90

Ta I(L)

213

210.0

10.2

195

220

Ta I(H)

20

20.2

2.0

18

25

Ti I

363

330.2

13.5

313

363

Ge I

245

239.5

7.5

225

250

Tfe I

170

163.6

5.6

155

170

Bfe I

185

176.1

12.1

150

195

Tr I

68

64.5

6.6

60

80

Cx I

75

81.4

15.7

55

100

Ta II(L)

203

194.2

7.0

188

203

Ta II(H)

18

19.8

1.8

18

25

Ti II

335

320.9

15.9

300

350

Ge II

202

193.8

7.3

183

205

Tfe II

155

150.3

9.5

138

170

Bfe II

163

157.4

10.2

133

170

Tr II

65

65.5

4.4

58

75

Cx II

75

92.1

13.1

68

110

Ta III(L)

220

214.3

9.9

200

230

Ta III(H)

18

18.2

2.3

15

23

Ti III

463

450.0

35.0

375

475

Ge III

245

232.0

13.1

200

250

Tfe III

200

191.9

10.2

180

215

Bfe III

200

197.2

10.3

178

215

Tr III

63

66.8

5.4

63

80

Cx III

102

100.9

5.6

88

108

IP

3979

3798

117.5

3705

4020

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Erythraeus (Zaracarus) hamedanicus sp. nov. (Figs. 14–28) Type material. Holotype and one paratype larvae from firebug, Pyrrhocoris apterus L. (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae), College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan (34° 48´ N, 48° 28´ E, alitude 1820 m a.s.l.), Iran. Description. For measurements see table 3. Dorsum (Figs. 14–15). Prodorsal scutum with two pairs of barbed setae (AL and PL) and two pairs of barbed sensillae (AM and S). Anterior sensilla (AM) situated in obliquely positioned sockets or trichobothria and two times shorter than posterior sensilla (S), anterior half barbed. Anterolateral setae (AL) expanded basally and acute points with posterolaterals (PL) are as long as half length of AL (Fig. 15). Scutum almost trapezoid with anterior and posterior margins concave; two pairs of eyes posterolateral to scutum. Opisthosoma with 43 rather long and barbed setae (Fig. 14). fD = 43. TABLE 3. Measurements of the larval stage of Erythraeus (Zaracarus) hamedanicus sp. nov. (n = 2). Character

Holotype

Paratype

Character

Holotype

Paratype

DL

700

725

Ta I (L)

110

110

IL

575

537

Ta I (H)

18

23

IW

350

354

Ti I

128

130

L

88

85

Ge I

105

100

W

138

140

Tfe I

75

75

AW

55

52

Bfe I

78

75

PW

108

106

Tr I

50

38

Sba

28

20

Cx I

65

65

SBp

28

18

Ta II (L)

100

100

ISD

48

47

Ta II (H)

20

20

AL

168

145

Ti II

133

130

PL

68

63

Ge II

93

95

AM

33

31

Tfe II

73

73

S

78

76

Bfe II

75

73

OC

20

20

Tr II

50

40

DS

53

63

Cx II

75

75

PDS

68

75

Ta III (L)

120

123

1a

63

65

Ta III (H)

15

18

1b

88

80

Ti III

198

193

2b

30

30

Ge III

108

113

3a

45

43

Tfe III

85

85

3b

50

40

Bfe III

90

90

PsFd

38

40

Tr III

60

55

PaScGev

65

63

Cx III

83

88

Ta I (L)

110

110

IP

1939

1926

Venter (Fig. 16). With a pair of setae between coxae I (1a) and III (3a). Opisthogaster with eight pairs of setae. Gnathosoma (Figs. 17–19). Infracapitulum with one subcapitular seta, Hy 48 (51) and one oral plus one adoral seta or 35 (32). Palp five-segmented, femur and genu each with one barbed seta, tibia with three barbed setae with bifurcate claw, tarsus with nine setae including a eupathidium and one solenidion, one of which is long.

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Legs (Figs. 20–28). Legs six segmented (coxae excluded) with femora divided. Tarsi terminate into two lateral claws and a claw-like empodium. Leg setae barbed. Chaetotaxy of segments as follows: coxae 1-1-1; trochanters 1-1-1; basifemora 2-2-2; telofemora 5-5-5; genua 8+1σ+1κ - 8+1κ - 8; tibiae 14+2ϕ+1Cp+1κ 15+2ϕ - 15+1ϕ; tarsi 24+2ξ+1ω+1ε - 21+2ξ+1ω - 21+1ξ. Remarks. The news species belongs to the group of species of which the setal formula of the basifemora are 2-2-2. It is closely related to E. (Z.) kurdistanensis, E. (Z.) iranicus, E. (Z.) perciosus, E. (Z.) budapestensis, E. (Z.) didonae, E. (Z.) tehranicus, E. (Z.) eleonorae and E. (Z.) ueckermanni, E. (Z.) kharrazii. However, it can be distinguished from these species by several differences in measurements and setation patterns (Tables 4–5). Etymology. This species is named after the city Hamedan, where this species was collected.

FIGURES 14–17. Erythraeus (Zaracarus) hamedanicus sp. nov. (Larva). 14, Dorsal view; 15, scutum; 16, ventral view; 17, subcapitulum.

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FIGURES 18–22. Erythraeus (Zaracarus) hamedanicus sp. nov. (Larva). 18, palp dorsal view; 19, palp ventral view; 20, femur, genu I; 21, femur, genu II; 22, femur, genu III.

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FIGURES 23–28. Erythraeus (Zaracarus) hamedanicus sp. nov. (Larva). 23, tibia I; 24, tibia II; 25, tibia II; 26, tarsus I; 27, tarsus II; 28, tarsus III.

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Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank Prof. Alireza Saboori of the University of Tehran for his critical review and also obtaining literature for this paper.

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