Categoria Top Downloads
Entrar Registrar Recobrar

As distâncias em áreas de baixa densidade de ocupação territorial

September 1, 2017 | Autor: Elsa Pacheco | Categoria: Geography
Share Embed
Denunciar este link


Descrição do Produto

2EVISTADA&ACULDADEDE,ETRASˆ'EOGRAlA ) S£RIE VOL 8)8 0ORTO  PP  

"4%*45§/$*"4&.¦3&"4%&#"*9"%&/4*%"%& %&0$61"¬«05&33*503*"-

&MTB1BDIFDP

" NFMIPSJB OPT TJTUFNBT EF USBOTQPSUFT F DPNVOJDBÉ×FT UFN DPOUSJCVÎEP QBSB BSFEVÉÈPEBTEJTUÄODJBTFOUSFBTÃSFBTEFNBJPSEFOTJEBEFQPQVMBDJPOBMmBTDJEBEFT F BT EF NFOPS EFOTJEBEF QPQVMBDJPOBM m P DBNQP &TUB BQSPYJNBÉÈP  UBOUP BP OÎWFM EBT EJTUÄODJBTQFSDPSSJEBTQFMPTNPEPTUFSSFTUSFT DPNPEPTáVYPTRVFTFFTUBCFMFDFNQFMBT UFMFDPNVOJDBÉ×FT  UFSà SFTVMUBEP  BP MPOHP EP UFNQP  FN WÃSJBT MÓHJDBT SFEJTUSJCVUJWBT EB QPQVMBÉÈP  PSB EF DPODFOUSBÉÈP  PSB EF EJTQFSTÈP OP UFSSJUÓSJP /VNB QSJNFJSB GBTF  B QSFDBSJFEBEF EBT MJHBÉ×FT UPSOBWB JNQSBUJDÃWFJT BT EFTMPDBÉ×FT EF MPOHB EJTUÄODJB  PCSJHBOEPPTJOEJWÎEVPTBFODFUBSEFTMPDBÉ×FTEFàOJUJWBTEPDBNQPQBSBBDJEBEF POEF TFDPODFOUSBWBNBTNFMIPSFTPQPSUVOJEBEFTEFFNQSFHP.BJTSFDFOUFNFOUF DPNBOPWB HFSBÉÈPEFWJBTEFBMUBWFMPDJEBEFBQFOFUSBSOPNVOEPSVSBMFDPNPEFTFOWPMWJNFOUP EBTUFMFDPNVOJDBÉ×FT BTWBSJÃWFJTFTQBÉPFUFNQPWÈPTFUPSOBOEPNFOPTJNQPSUBOUFTOB UPNBEBEFEFDJTÈPTPCSFBNFMIPSMPDBMJ[BÉÈPEFRVBMRVFSBDUJWJEBEF"PNFTNPUFNQP  PiNPEPEFTFSFFTUBSVSCBOPuEJGVOEFTFQFMPTFTQBÉPTSVSBJT BPSJUNPEBWFMPDJEBEF EFUSBOTGFSËODJBEFCFOT TFSWJÉPTFQFTTPBTBMDBOÉBEBQFMPEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPEBTSFEFTEF USBOTQPSUFTFDPNVOJDBÉ×FT %JUPEFPVUSBGPSNB PTUSBOTQPSUFTFBTDPNVOJDBÉ×FTFTUÈPBBMUFSBSTVCTUBODJBMNFOUF BTEJOÄNJDBTEFSFMBÉÈPFOUSFFTQBÉPTEFBMUBFEFCBJYBDPODFOUSBÉÈPQPQVMBDJPOBMmPMPDBM EBTPQPSUVOJEBEFT BNBJPSJBEBTWF[FTBTTPDJBEPBPiMPDBMFNQSFHBEPSu UPSOBTFRVBTF JOEJGFSFOUF  QPSRVF Ê NBJT JOEFQFOEFOUF EP UJQP EF PSHBOJ[BÉÈP UFSSJUPSJBM RVF TF MIF BTTPDJB /ÈP TF WBJ BRVJ FYQMPSBS B SFMBÉÈP VSCBOPSVSBM  F NVJUP NFOPT P TJHOJàDBEP EPT SFGFSJEPTDPODFJUPT1SFUFOEFTF DPNFTUBDVSUBSFáFYÈP SFHJTUBSBMHVNBTJEFJBTEFDPSSFOUFT EBT QSJNFJSBT MFJUVSBT FGFDUVBEBT TPCSF BT DPOEJÉ×FT EF NPCJMJEBEF F EF BDFTTJCJMJEBEF FN ÃSFBT EF CBJYB EFOTJEBEF QPQVMBDJPOBM  BT RVBJT  GSFRVFOUFNFOUF  TF DPOPUBN DPNP ÃSFBTSVSBJT QFSJGÊSJDBT FNQFSEBQPQVMBDJPOBM NBJTJTPMBEBT DPNQBSUFEBTVBQPQVMBÉÈP MJHBEBÆBDUJWJEBEFBHSÎDPMB FOUSFPVUSBTBTTPDJBÉ×FTRVFHFSBMNFOUFTFGB[QPSDPOUSBQPOUP DPNPRVFÊVSCBOP '&33«0  /FTUBQFSTQFDUJWB PQBQFMEPTUSBOTQPSUFTTFSÃPEF BTTFHVSBSBBDFTTJCJMJEBEFEBTQFTTPBTFBDUJWJEBEFTFDPOÓNJDBT EFWFOEP TVQPTUBNFOUF  DPOUSJCVJSQBSBRVFCSBSFTTFDBSÃDUFSSFNPUPFEFJTPMBNFOUP



$EPARTAMENTODE'EOGRAlA &ACULDADEDE,ETRASDA5NIVERSIDADEDO0ORTO



!3$)34¸.#)!3%-¬2%!3$%"!)8!$%.3)$!$% !3$)34¸ $%/#50!­ª/4%22)4/2)!, ­ª

­ FTUF P FORVBESBNFOUP HFOÊSJDP EF VNB SFáFYÈP  RVF NBJT OÈP QSFUFOEF RVF BDSFTDFOUBS BMHVOT FMFNFOUPT QBSB P EFCBUF TPCSF P JNQBDUP EB BMUFSBÉÈP EBT SFEFT OP PSEFOBNFOUPEPUFSSJUÓSJP OFTUFDBTPFNUFSSJUÓSJPTEFCBJYBEFOTJEBEFQPQVMBDJPOBM %BT MFJUVSBT FGFDUVBEBT  EFTUBDBNTF USËT JEFJBT DIBWF RVF PSJFOUBN B PSHBOJ[BÉÈP EFTUFUFYUP  %FTEF PT UFNQPT NBJT SFNPUPT RVF TF BTTPDJB ÆT DPODFOUSBÉ×FT IVNBOBT VNB NBJPS EJTQPOJCJMJEBEF EF CFOT  TFSWJÉPT F PQPSUVOJEBEFT  JTUP Ê  UFPSJDBNFOUF  RVBOUP NBJPSBEFOTJEBEFQPQVMBDJPOBM NFOPSFTBTEJTUÄODJBTBQFSDPSSFSFWJDFWFSTB­FWJEFOUF RVFFTUBBàSNBÉÈPÊWFSEBEFJSBBUÊTFBUJOHJSFNPTMJNJUFTEBDPODFOUSBÉÈPPVEBTQFSEBT "T EFOTJEBEFT EF PDVQBÉÈP UFSSJUPSJBJT WBSJBN  QPSUBOUP  FN GVOÉÈP EPT FTQBÉPT F EPT UFNQPTRVFTFDPOTFHVFNWFODFS  " DPOTUSVÉÈP EB OPWB HFSBÉÈP EF JOGSBFTUSVUVSBT SPEPWJÃSJBT USPVYF DPOTJHP BMUFSBÉ×FT QPTJUJWBT JNQPSUBOUFT QBSB BMHVOT UFSSJUÓSJPT 0VUSPT  QPSÊN  BTTJTUJSBN BP SFGPSÉP EBT UFOEËODJBT BOUFSJPSFT Æ NFMIPSJB EBT DPOEJÉ×FT EF BDFTTJCJMJEBEF PV  BJOEB  OBMHVOT FTQBÉPT  P EFDMÎOJP OP EFTFOWPMWJNFOUP UFSSJUPSJBM GPJ P DBNJOIP BCFSUP QFMPT RVBESPTFWPMVUJWPTEBTJOGSBFTUSVUVSBT5SBUBTF FNRVBMRVFSEPTDBTPT EFVMUSBQBTTBSPT DPOTUSBOHJNFOUPTJNQPTUPTQFMPFTQBÉPGÎTJDPFNTPDJFEBEFTPOEFPUFNQPTFUPSOBDBEB WF[NBJTQSFDJPTP "PTEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPTSFDFOUFTOPEPNÎOJPEBUFMFNÃUJDBBTTPDJBTFBVCJRVJEBEF 0T FTQBÉPT F PT UFNQPT BMJDFSÉBNTF FN EJNFOT×FT DPNQMFUBNFOUF EJGFSFOUFT EBT USBEJDJPOBJT QBVUBOEPTFQFMBGBDJMJEBEFFNDSJBSSFMBÉ×FTFBMJBOÉBT BTRVBJTSFTVMUBNFN OPWBTGPSNBTEFWJ[JOIBOÉB EFHSVQPTFEFDPNVOJEBEFT RVFBMHVOTWÈPSFGFSJOEPDPNP WJSUVBJTFPVJOEFQFOEFOUFTEBHFPHSBàB %FOTJEBEFFEJTUÄODJB " FWPMVÉÈP EPT TJTUFNBT EF USBOTQPSUFT F DPNVOJDBÉ×FT Ê VNB EBT UFOEËODJBT SFTQPOTÃWFJTQFMBDSFTDFOUFEJàDVMEBEFFNEJTUJOHVJSPTNPEPTEFWJEBEBTÃSFBTEFFMFWBEB FSFEV[JEBEFOTJEBEFQPQVMBDJPOBM4F OPQBTTBEP BTQPQVMBÉ×FTEPDBNQPTFEFTMPDBWBN QBSBBDJEBEFOBQSPDVSBEFNBJTFNFMIPSFTPQPSUVOJEBEFTEFFNQSFHPFFEVDBÉÈP FOUSF PVUSBT TÈPIPKFPTFTQBÉPTSVSBJTRVFTFBTTVNFNDPNPVNBFYUFOTÈPEBDJEBEF NVJUPÆ DVTUBEPEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPEBTDPOEJÉ×FTEFBDFTTJCJMJEBEFFEFNPCJMJEBEF&TUBFWPMVÉÈP FTUFOEFTF EFTEF VNB WFSUFOUF NBJT MÙEJDB PV FORVBOUP SFTJEËODJB TFDVOEÃSJB  BUÊ Æ QFSNBOËODJBEFàOJUJWB RVBOEPPTUFNQPTEFWJBHFNPQFSNJUFN ­ DPNVN GBMBSTF FN iUSBOTQPSUF VSCBOPu  DPOTUJUVJOEP  EF SFTUP  NBUÊSJB Kà BNQMBNFOUFUSBUBEBFNWÃSJBTPCSBT1PSÊN PNFTNPKÃOÈPTFQPEFSÃEJ[FSSFMBUJWBNFOUF BPiUSBOTQPSUFSVSBMu%FGBDUP BSFEV[JEBEJNFOTÈPEBTSFEFTFGSPUBTEFUSBOTQPSUFTFN ÃSFBTEFCBJYBEFOTJEBEFEFPDVQBÉÈP FQPSUBOUPBGSBDBQSPDVSB ÊBNBJPSJBEBTWF[FT FODBSBEBDPNPVNQSPCMFNBSFBMEFJOFYJTUËODJBEFUSBOTQPSUF OÈPDPOTUJUVJOEP QPSFTUF NPUJWP UFSSFOPGÊSUJMQBSBJOWFTUJHBÉ×FTNBJTBMBSHBEBT 0 QSÓQSJP TJHOJàDBEP EF BDFTTJCJMJEBEF FN ÃSFBT EF CBJYB EFOTJEBEF QPQVMBDJPOBM ÊBNCÎHVPFEFàOFTF OPSNBMNFOUF QPSDPNQBSBÉÈPDPNBQPQVMBÉÈPEBTDJEBEFT%P NFTNPNPEP UBNCÊNPDPODFJUPEFQSPYJNJEBEFÊEJGFSFOUFOBTÃSFBTSVSBJTFOBTÃSFBT VSCBOBT QPSRVFEFQFOEFEPUJQPEFTFSWJÉPTFNDBVTBFEBQSFEJTQPTJÉÈPQBSBBEFTMPDBÉÈP FVTPEFEFUFSNJOBEPTNPEPTEFUSBOTQPSUFTDVKBEJTUSJCVJÉÈPÊNVJUPEJGFSFOUFOVNF OPVUSPDPOUFYUPUFSSJUPSJBM "TRVFTU×FTEFBDFTTJCJMJEBEFFNPCJMJEBEFFNÃSFBTEFCBJYBEFOTJEBEFQPQVMBDJPOBM TVSHFN GSFRVFOUFNFOUF BTTPDJBEBTBPEÊàDJUFDPOÓNJDPFTPDJBM ÆQSJWBÉÈP BPJTPMBNFOUP  

%LSA0ACHECO

FOUSFPVUSPT RVBTFTFNQSFDPOTFRVËODJBEBGBMUBEFUSBOTQPSUF %F GBDUP  OB QFSTQFDUJWB EF RVF FTUBT ÃSFBT BQSFTFOUBN QFSEBT EF QPQVMBÉÈP  OPSNBMNFOUFBTTPDJBEBTBPFOWFMIFDJNFOUP IÃQSPCMFNBTEFBDFTTJCJMJEBEF VNBWF[RVF ÊOFTUFTFTDBM×FTFUÃSJPTPOEFTFDPMPDBNNVJUPTEPTQSPCMFNBTEBNPCJMJEBEF1PSPVUSP MBEP  BT QFSEBT EF EFOTJEBEF QPQVMBDJPOBM FN ÃSFBT SVSBJT USBEV[FNTF OVN BVNFOUP JOEJSFDUPEBTEJTUÄODJBT EBEPRVF FOUSFUBOUP TFWÈPQFSEFOEPTFSWJÉPTFFRVJQBNFOUPT EFWJEPBPTGSBDPTWBMPSFTEFQSPDVSB1FOTBOEPOBDPOTUSVÉÈPEFJOGSBFTUSVUVSBTUFSSFTUSFT  QBSBCBJYPTOÎWFJTEFQSPDVSB ÊOFDFTTÃSJBVNBFYUFOTÈPNVJUPFMFWBEBQBSBGB[FSGBDFÆT OFDFTTJEBEFTEFEFTMPDBÉÈPEBTQPQVMBÉ×FT )0:-&F,/08-&4   $FSUPQBSFDFTFSRVF FOUSFPTEJGFSFOUFTOÎWFJTEFEFOTJEBEFEFPDVQBÉÈPEPUFSSJUÓSJP FBTOFDFTTJEBEFTEFWFODFSEJTUÄODJBT FTQBÉPFUFNQP

IÃEVBTWFSUFOUFTRVFOÈPQPEFN FTDBNPUFBSTFQPSVNMBEP FNÃSFBTEFCBJYBEFOTJEBEFEFPDVQBÉÈPmOPDBNQP B OÈP FYJTUËODJB FPV B EFHSBEBÉÈP EBT DPOEJÉ×FT EF BDFTTJCJMJEBEF  FN DPOTFRVËODJB EPT SFEV[JEPTOÎWFJTEFQSPDVSB QPEFNDPOEV[JSBQFSEBTJSSFQBSÃWFJTEFQPQVMBÉÈPQPSPVUSP  FNÃSFBTEFFMFWBEBEFOTJEBEFEFPDVQBÉÈPmOBDJEBEF ÊQSFDJTPSFTQPOEFSBPTOÎWFJT EFQSPDVSBFMFWBEPTQBSBRVFOÈPTFDPSSBPSJTDPEFQBSBMJTBSPEFTFOWPMWJNFOUP DPNPTF WFSJàDBWB BMJÃT OPDBTPBOUFSJPS 5SBUBTF EF VNB SFMBÉÈP DPNQMFYB EF EJGÎDJM HFTUÈP  QPSRVF Ê QSFDJTP EFàOJS QSJPSJEBEFTEFJOUFSWFOÉÈP FFTUBT EJàDJMNFOUF DPMPDBNFNQSJNFJSPMVHBSBTÃSFBTEF NFOPSEFOTJEBEF POEFPTQSPCMFNBTEFBDFTTJCJMJEBEFFNPCJMJEBEFOÈPTFNVMUJQMJDBN OPRVPUJEJBOPDPNPOBTHSBOEFTDPODFOUSBÉ×FTVSCBOBT 50--&:F56350/   %FGBDUP TFPTUSBOTQPSUFTFBTDPNVOJDBÉ×FTFWPMVFNOPTFOUJEPEFWFODFSEJTUÄODJBT F UFNQPT OBT MJHBÉ×FT EBT SFEFT  FOUÈP EFWFSJBN QSFTUBS VN TFSWJÉP JODPOEJDJPOBM BPT UFSSJUÓSJPT POEF P BMDBODF EPT TFSWJÉPT F CFOT FTTFODJBJT FYJHFN EFTMPDBÉ×FT EF HSBOEF EJTUÄODJBmPRVFBDPOUFDFOBTÃSFBTEFQPWPBNFOUPEJTQFSTPFFNFTQBÉPTEFCBJYBEFOTJEBEF EFPDVQBÉÈP PDPSSFOEPBRVJPDJDMPWJDJPTPEBTQFSEBTEFQPQVMBÉÈPFFRVJQBNFOUPT  ­PFGFJUPEBWFMPDJEBEFTPCSFBEJTUSJCVJÉÈPEBTEFOTJEBEFTOPUFSSJUÓSJP"PFODPMIFS PUFSSJUÓSJP QFMBBQSPYJNBÉÈPRVFBSFEVÉÈPEBTEJTUÄODJBTQSPQPSDJPOBFOUSFPTMVHBSFT  BWFMPDJEBEFJOUSPEV[JEBQFMPTUSBOTQPSUFTFDPNVOJDBÉ×FTRVBTFBOVMBBTEJGFSFOÉBTOBT EJOÄNJDBTUFSSJUPSJBJTBTTPDJBEBTBPTFTQBÉPTEFBMUBFEFCBJYBEFOTJEBEFEFPDVQBÉÈP "TFTUSBEBTTVQFSBSPFTQBÉPFPUFNQP %VSBOUFNVJUPUFNQP PUSBOTQPSUFFNÃSFBTEFCBJYBEFOTJEBEFQPQVMBDJPOBMGPJ JNQPSUBOUF QBSB FTDPBS BT QSPEVÉ×FT MPDBJT F BOHBSJBS PT NFJPT DPNQMFNFOUBSFT QBSB P FYFSDÎDJPEBTBDUJWJEBEFTMJHBEBT QSJODJQBMNFOUF ÆBHSJDVMUVSB/BBDUVBMJEBEF BFTTBT GVOÉ×FTBDSFTDFOUBNTFPVUSBTJHVBMNFOUFPVNBJTQFSUJOFOUFT DPNPTFKBPBDFTTPÆFEVDBÉÈP FÆTBÙEF BDFTTPFTUFNBJTFYJHFOUFFNUFSNPTEFUSBOTQPSUF QPSRVFEFMPDBMJ[BÉÈPNBJT DFOUSBMJ[BEB JTUPÊ SFRVFSVNNÎOJNPEFQSPDVSBQBSBRVFQPTTBTFSJNQMBOUBEPOVN EBEPMPDBM "OUFSJPSNFOUF BTÃSFBTEFCBJYBEFOTJEBEFQPQVMBDJPOBMQBSFDJBNJTPMBEBT EFEJGÎDJM BDFTTPFMPOHÎORVBTBPTJOEJWÎEVPTRVFWJWJBNOBTHSBOEFTDJEBEFT.BTTFSÃRVFBTTJN Ê EF GBDUP  2VBJT PT MJNJUFT QBSB B JOBDFTTJCJMJEBEF  2VF EJTUÄODJBT F RVF UFNQPT TÈP BDFJUÃWFJTEFTQFOEFSQBSBBMDBOÉBSVNCFNPVTFSWJÉP 0RVFTFDPSSFPSJTDPEFQFSEFS  2VBMÊPNÎOJNPTPDJBMBDFJUÃWFMFNDBEBDBTP 2VFQPQVMBÉ×FTàDBNFYDMVÎEBT 2VBMB QFSDFQÉÈPEPFTQBÉPFEPUFNQPQBSBBTEJGFSFOUFTQPQVMBÉ×FT 5SBUBTFEFRVFTU×FTRVF OBHFOFSBMJEBEF DBSFDFNEFSFTQPTUB QPSRVFNVJUBTEFMBT TFSFWFTUFNEFGPSUFTVCKFDUJWJEBEF/PQBTTBEP FSBDPNVNFGFDUVBSFNTFEFTMPDBÉ×FTEF 

!3$)34¸.#)!3%-¬2%!3$%"!)8!$%.3)$!$% !3$)34¸ $%/#50!­ª/4%22)4/2)!, ­ª

EF[FOBTEFRVJMÓNFUSPTBQÊQBSBBMDBOÉBSCFOTFTFSWJÉPTFTTFODJBJT)PKFÊJNQFOTÃWFM FGFDUVBSUBJTEFTMPDBÉ×FTOBNBJPSJBEBTTPDJFEBEFT"OEBSBQÊÊTJOÓOJNPEFQBSDPTSFDVSTPT FDPOÓNJDPTFUFSDBSSPÊTJOBMEFSJRVF[B EFPTUFOUBÉÈP"OEBSBQÊÊ QBSBNVJUBHFOUF  VNBPCSJHBÉÈP BQSFTDSJÉÈPNÊEJDBQBSBFWJUBSBMHVNBTEPFOÉBT /65-&:   0 EFTFOWPMWJNFOUP EF OPWPT NPEPT F TJTUFNBT EF USBOTQPSUFT UJWFSBN JNQBDUFT UFSSJUPSJBJT EF HSBOEF JNQPSUÄODJB FN EJGFSFOUFT FTDBMBT F DPOUFYUPT "TTPDJBEBT Æ DPODFOUSBÉÈP DSFTDFOUF EF PQPSUVOJEBEFT OBT DJEBEFT  BT NJHSBÉ×FT QBSB BT DJEBEFT F BCBOEPOP EPT DBNQPT GPSBN PDBTJPOBOEP VN BVNFOUP F BMBSHBNFOUP EPT NPWJNFOUPT QFOEVMBSFT0TUSFTTFVSCBOP PBVNFOUPEPTUFNQPTMJWSFTFPBDFTTPGBDJMJUBEPBNPEPTEF EFTMPDBÉÈPNPUPSJ[BEPT BCSJSBNBTQPSUBTBáVYPTJOWFSTPT JTUPÊ FNEJSFDÉÈPBPDBNQP  USBOTGPSNBOEPPTFTQBÉPTSVSBJT DBEBWF[NBJT FNFTQBÉPTNBJTEFDPOTVNPFNFOPTEF QSPEVÉÈPDPNPOPQBTTBEP (*--.03   %VSBOUF BMHVNBT EÊDBEBT  QFMP NFOPT EFTEF B EF   BT RVFTU×FT FN UPSOP EB SFMBÉÈPFOUSFPTUSBOTQPSUFTFEPEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPUFSSJUPSJBMBDBCBSBNTFNQSFQPSSFTVMUBS FN BMHVNB EÙWJEB F DPOGVTÈP TPCSF BT DBVTBT RVF  FN DBEB DBTP  HFSBSBN BT BMUFSBÉ×FT OPUFSSJUÓSJP"FYFNQMP TPCSFPDBNJOIPEFGFSSP EJ[TFRVFBTVBJNQPSUÄODJBQBSBPT FTQBÉPTSVSBJTÊNVJUPEJNJOVUB KÃRVFBTVBSFMFWÄODJBTFDPMPDBBQFOBTOBMJHBÉÈPEF MPDBMJEBEFT EF DFSUB EJNFOTÈP %FGFOEFTF  BMJÃT  RVF B SFEV[JEB QSPDVSB EP USBOTQPSUF GFSSPWJÃSJP OPT FTQBÉPT EF SFEV[JEB EFOTJEBEF QPQVMBDJPOBM DPOEV[ RVBTF TFNQSF Æ TVB EFDBEËODJB  FN GBWPS EF NPEPT DPN DVTUPT EF GVODJPOBNFOUP F EF DJSDVMBÉÈP NBJT SFEV[JEPT DPNPPBVUPNÓWFMPV OBWFSTÈPEFTFSWJÉPDPMFDUJWP BDBNJPOBHFN .&3-*/   %FQPJT ÊBQSÓQSJBGBDJMJEBEFFNBERVJSJSWJBUVSBNPUPSJ[BEBQSÓQSJBRVF OFTUBT ÃSFBT EF CBJYB EFOTJEBEF POEF BT EJTUÄODJBT B QFSDPSSFS TÈP TFNQSF NBJT FMFWBEBT  GB[ DPN RVF BT EFTMPDBÉ×FT B QÊ TFKBN SFEV[JEBT TVCTUBODJBMNFOUF FN GBWPS EP BVUPNÓWFM )*--."/F8"--&:   1PSPVUSPMBEP WÃSJPTFTUVEPTSFWFMBNUBNCÊNRVFIÃÃSFBT POEFBSFOPWBÉÈPEBSFEF WJÃSJBOÈPJOUSPEV[RVBMRVFSNVEBOÉBEFQFTPTÈPBTEJOÄNJDBTMPDBJTFBTVBDBQBDJEBEF EFSFBDÉÈPRVFNBSDBNPSJUNPEBTNVEBOÉBT*ODMVTJWF QFOTBOEPOBDPOTUSVÉÈPEFBVUP FTUSBEBT FN ÃSFBT EF CBJYB EFOTJEBEF EF PDVQBÉÈP  BDPOUFDF DPN GSFRVËODJB RVF FTTFT FJYPT QBTTBN B DPOTUJUVJS CBSSFJSBT  RVFS ÆT BDUJWJEBEFT EFTFOWPMWJEBT  OPNFBEBNFOUF BHSÎDPMBT RVFSÆTSFMBÉ×FTTPDJBJTFFDPOÓNJDBTOFTTFTUFSSJUÓSJPT0SFáFYPNBJTOPUÓSJPOB TFRVËODJBEBJOGSBFTUSVUVSBÉÈPEFBMUBDBQBDJEBEFUSBEV[TFFNMBSHBNFEJEBOBBRVJTJÉÈP EFSFTJEËODJBTTFDVOEÃSJBTEFIBCJUBÉÈPEFàOJUJWB DPOTPBOUFBTVBEJTUÄODJBBPTDFOUSPT VSCBOPTEFNBJPSEJNFOTÈP #0//"'064 1-"44"3%F406.   1PS WJB EBT SFOPWBEBT JOGSBFTUSVUVSBT EF USBOTQPSUFT F DPOTFRVFOUF SFEVÉÈP EPT UFNQPTEFEFTMPDBÉÈP BTÃSFBTEFCBJYBEFOTJEBEFEFQPQVMBÉÈPJOJDJBSBNNVEBOÉBTTPDJBJT FDVMUVSBJTEFHSBOEFJNQPSUÄODJB0NVOEPSVSBMOÈPBHSÎDPMBEPTBOPTQBTTBBJOUFHSBS ÃSFBTEFCBJYB NBTUBNCÊNEFSB[PÃWFMEFOTJEBEFQPQVMBDJPOBM FTUBTNVJUPBTTPDJBEBTÆ GBDJMJEBEFEFBDFTTPDSJBEBQFMBOPWBHFSBÉÈPEFJOGSBFTUSVUVSBTEFUSBOTQPSUFT4ÈPÃSFBT POEF P QBUSJNÓOJP  B DPOTFSWBÉÈP EB OBUVSF[B  B USBORVJMJEBEF F P UVSJTNP DPOTUJUVFN BUSBDUJWPTQBSBBTQPQVMBÉ×FTEBTÃSFBTVSCBOBT '&33«0   2VF BT FTUSBEBT BQSPYJNBN PT MVHBSFT  Ê JOEJTDVUÎWFM  NBT QPEFN UBNCÊN TFS P DBNJOIPQBSBPBGBTUBNFOUP QPSRVFPFYDFTTPEFDBSHBOBTVBVUJMJ[BÉÈPSFEV[BWFMPDJEBEF EFDJSDVMBÉÈP QPEFOEPBJOEBTFSFODBSBEBTDPNPPDBNJOIPQBSBBGVHBEFUFSSJUÓSJPTDPN NBJPSDPODFOUSBÉÈP NBJTDPOGVTÈPFTUSFTTF&NRVBMRVFSEPTDBTPT USBUBTFEFTVQFSBSP FTQBÉPDPNBDSFTDFOUFWBMPSJ[BÉÈPEPTUFNQPTEFRVFDBEBVNEJTQ×F



%LSA0ACHECO

"TSFEFTmFTQBÉPTEFBMJBOÉBTFSFMBÉ×FT 0T FTQBÉPT EF CBJYB EFOTJEBEF QPQVMBDJPOBM FOWPMWFN JNBHFOT EF JTPMBNFOUP  JNPCJMJEBEF F USBORVJMJEBEF .VJUPT JOEJWÎEVPT EBT DJEBEFT NBOUËN FTUB JNBHFN (*--.03  4FSÃDPNDFSUF[BVNBJNBHFNUBOUPNBJTDPOTJTUFOUFRVBOUPBWJEB EBTDJEBEFTTFDPNQ×FEFIPSÃSJPTQSFFODIJEPTQFMBTPCSJHBÉ×FTRVPUJEJBOBTEPUSBCBMIP  EPFTUVEP EPDPOTVNP EFMB[FS OVNDPOUFYUPEFNPWJNFOUP SVÎEPFQPMVJÉÈP JTUPÊ P PQPTUPEFUVEPRVBOUPBQBJTBHFNFBOBUVSF[BEBTÃSFBTEFCBJYBEFOTJEBEFQPQVMBDJPOBM DPOTFHVFNPGFSFDFS " NFMIPSJB EBT DPOEJÉ×FT EF BDFTTJCJMJEBEF UFSSFTUSF BMJNFOUB B EJTQFSTÈP EBT MPDBMJ[BÉ×FTBUÊEJTUÄODJBTJOJNBHJOÃWFJT MFWBOEPBMHVOTBVUPSFTBQFOTBSRVFFTUFQSPDFTTP QPEF DPOEV[JS BP iàN EBT DJEBEFTu  QPS TFS FYBDUBNFOUF P JOWFSTP EP RVF PDBTJPOPV B DPOTPMJEBÉÈPEBTHSBOEFTDPODFOUSBÉ×FTQPQVMBDJPOBJT 5"-#05F3":  &TUBÊDPN DFSUF[BVNBQFSTQFDUJWBNVJUPSBEJDBM BUÊQPSRVFOBTDJEBEFTQPEFNPDPSSFSNVEBOÉBT RVFBMUFSBNBTSB[×FTEBTVBBUSBDUJWJEBEF TFNRVFUBMTJHOJàRVFBTVBFYUJOÉÈP­GBDUP  QPSÊN  RVF B NFMIPSJB EBT DPOEJÉ×FT EF BDFTTJCJMJEBEF BUSBWÊT EBT UFMFDPNVOJDBÉ×FT JODFOUJWBSà PT QSPDFTTPT EF EJTQFSTÈP QPS ÃSFBT EF NFOPS EFOTJEBEF QPQVMBDJPOBM  FN QBSUJDVMBSRVBOEPJOTUJUVJÉ×FTFFNQSFTBTQÙCMJDBTFQSJWBEBTWVMHBSJ[BSFNBTVBVUJMJ[BÉÈP  QFSNJUJOEPBDFTTPT DPMBCPSBÉ×FTFFNQSFHPTÆEJTUÄODJB " UFMFNÃUJDB  OVN GVUVSP OÈP NVJUP MPOHÎORVP  QPEFSà SFWBMPSJ[BS P DPODFJUP EF iMPDBMu  BUSBWÊT EB EFTDFOUSBMJ[BÉÈP F JOEJWJEVBMJ[BÉÈP EP USBCBMIP  BUSBWÊT EF QSPDFTTPT POEFBFTDPMIBEBMPDBMJ[BÉÈPEFJYBEFTFSGVOEBNFOUBMQBSBPEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPEPUSBCBMIP  NBTTFSÃDPNDFSUF[BJNQPSUBOUFQBSBBGSVJÉÈPEPTNPNFOUPTGBNJMJBSFTFMJWSFT OPTRVBJT TFWBMPSJ[BNPTPTTFHPFPBNCJFOUFFOWPMWFOUF %FGBDUP TFTFQFOTBSOBNPUJWBÉÈPRVFMFWPVBTQPQVMBÉ×FTSVSBJTBEFJYBSFNBTTVBT UFSSBTFNEJSFDÉÈPÆTDJEBEFT FODPOUSBNPTSB[×FTRVFTFQSFOEFNDPNBOFDFTTJEBEFEF FODPOUSBSUSBCBMIP NFMIPSSFNVOFSBEP RVFOÈPBQFOBTPRVFTFFODPOUSBWBEJTQPOÎWFM Î OBTÃSFBTSVSBJTmBBHSJDVMUVSB%JUPEFPVUSBGPSNB QPEFSTFÃBàSNBSRVFPBCBOEPOP EBT ÃSFBT SVSBJT UFSà PDPSSJEP QPS GBMUB EF BMUFSOBUJWB  QPSRVF PT FNQSFHPT OBT DJEBEFT FTUBWBNMPOHFEFNBJT4FBTTJNGPJ OÈPTFSÃEFTDBCJEPTVHFSJSRVF OPBDUVBMFTUBEPEF EFTFOWPMWJNFOUPEFNVJUBTÃSFBTVSCBOBT POEFPMJNJUFEPVTPEPTFTQBÉPTFTUÃQFSUPEF FTHPUBSTF BTQPQVMBÉ×FTQSPDVSBNMPDBJTEFSFTJEËODJBDBEBWF[NBJTBGBTUBEPTEPMPDBMEF USBCBMIP QPEFOEPVTVGSVJSEFFTQBÉPTNBJTDBMNPT NBJTFDPOÓNJDPTFNBJTBQSB[ÎWFJT Î " FTUFT FTQBÉPT  PVUSPSB JTPMBEPT  ÊMIFT BHPSB QFSNJUJEP  BUSBWÊT EB UFMFNÃUJDB  NBOUFSFNTFMJHBEPTFQSÓYJNPT OÈPTÓEBTDJEBEFTRVFBOUFTMIFTMFWBSBNBTQPQVMBÉ×FT  NBTEPSFTUPEP.VOEP /PUFTFRVFHSBOEFQBSUFEPTNPEFMPTEFEFTFOWPMWJNFOUPEPTFTQBÉPTSVSBJTRVF JOTJTUFN OB MÓHJDB TFDUPSJBM EB BHSJDVMUVSB GSBDBTTBN DPN GSFRVËODJB  QPSRVF P UFNQP TF FODBSSFHPV EF SFWFMBS RVF FMFT OÈP GVODJPOBN QPEF QBSFDFS RVF Ê FTTB B BDUJWJEBEF RVFNBJTTFWBMPSJ[BMPDBMNFOUF NBTFMBOÈPDPOTUJUVJNPUJWPEFàYBÉÈPEBTQPQVMBÉ×FT 4FBDBQBDJEBEFEFàYBÉÈPQBTTBQFMBNPCJMJ[BÉÈPEPTSFDVSTPTMPDBJT ÊQSFDJTPQFSDFCFS RVBJTTÈPPTSFDVSTPTMPDBJTFDPNPEFWFNQPEFNTFSBQSPWFJUBEPTOPTFOUJEPEBSFEVÉÈP EBT QFSEBT QPQVMBDJPOBJT 5"-#05 F 3":    " CBTF EP TVDFTTP OB VUJMJ[BÉÈP EB UFMFNÃUJDB OP EFTFOWPMWJNFOUP TPDJPFDPOÓNJDP EBT ÃSFBT SVSBJT FTUà OB DBQBDJEBEF EBT QPQVMBÉ×FTQSPEV[JSFNSFEFTEFDPOUBDUPTFEFDPOIFDJNFOUP RVFMIFTQFSNJUBNFTUBS QFSUPEFUPEPTBQBSUJSEFRVBMRVFSMPDBM ­FWJEFOUFRVFIBWFSÃTFNQSFHSVQPTRVFTÈPFYDMVÎEPTEBTSFEFTFEBTSFMBÉ×FTMPDBJT FHMPCBJT NBTPQSPHSFTTPUFDOPMÓHJDPUFNTJEPBDPNQBOIBEPQPSFWPMVÉ×FTEFVUJMJ[BÉÈP BDVSUPFNÊEJPQSB[P RVFTFUSBEV[FNOBCBOBMJ[BÉÈPDSFTDFOUFEPDPOTVNPEPTSFDVSTPT EFBDFTTJCJMJEBEFFNPCJMJEBEFEJTQPOÎWFJTQBSBBQPQVMBÉÈP 

!3$)34¸.#)!3%-¬2%!3$%"!)8!$%.3)$!$% !3$)34¸ $%/#50!­ª/4%22)4/2)!, ­ª

0BSHVNFOUPEPQSFÉPBQBHBSQFMBNFMIPSJBEBTDPOEJÉ×FTEFBDFTTJCJMJEBEFSPEPWJÃSJB FN ÃSFBT EF CBJYB EFOTJEBEF QPQVMBDJPOBM  EFWJEP Æ FTDBTTF[ EB QSPDVSB  EFJYB EF GB[FS TFOUJEPDPNPTNPEFSOPTTJTUFNBTEFMJHBÉ×FTiTFNàPTu XJSFMFTT &TUFTQSPQPSDJPOBSÈP OPWBTGPSNBTEFDPNVOJDBÉ×FTDSJBOEPiDPNVOJEBEFTWJSUVBJTu $"*3/$3044   "T MÓHJDBT EBT MJHBÉ×FT F EBT SFMBÉ×FT FTQBDJBJT TFSÈP DPN DFSUF[B EJGFSFOUFT OVN GVUVSPOÈPNVJUPMPOHÎORVP RVBOEPBQSPYJNJEBEFJOUSPEV[JEBQFMBUFMFNÃUJDBBMUFSBS P DPODFJUP EF WJ[JOIBOÉB  RVF QPEFSà TFS BMHVÊN RVF FTUà OPVUSP DPOUJOFOUF  NBT RVF QFSUFODFBPDJDMPPVSFEFEFDPOUBDUPTEJÃSJPT PVBJOEBBMUFSBSPTNFDBOJTNPTEFQSPEVÉÈP FDPOTVNP OVN.VOEPRVFWBMPSJ[BDBEBVNFNDBEBMPDBM POEFBMPDBMJ[BÉÈPEBPSJHFN FEPEFTUJOPOÈPÊQBSUJDVMBSNFOUFJNQPSUBOUF 4FÊJOWJÃWFMJOWFTUJSFNFRVJQBNFOUPTFJOGSBFTUSVUVSBTFNÃSFBTEFCBJYBEFOTJEBEF EFPDVQBÉÈP QPSRVFPTOÎWFJTEFQSPDVSBTÈPJOTVàDJFOUFTGBDFBPTDPOUFYUPTUFSSJUPSJBJTEF FMFWBEBEFOTJEBEFEFPDVQBÉÈP NBJTFYJHFOUFTOFTUBTNBUÊSJBT FOUÈPBBQPTUBOBUFMFNÃUJDB QPEFTFSPDBNJOIPNBJTBEFRVBEPQBSBWFODFSFTUBTRVFTU×FT "TPMVÉÈPOÈPQBTTBFYDMVTJWBNFOUFQFMBDPOTUSVÉÈPEFFTUSBEBT"MJÃTFTUBQPEFOÈP TFS B JOUFSWFOÉÈP QSJPSJUÃSJB ­ QSFDJTP FODPOUSBS TPMVÉ×FT EF OÈPUSBOTQPSUF  DPN VNB MPDBMJ[BÉÈP FN SFEF EPT TFSWJÉPT F FRVJQBNFOUPT OFDFTTÃSJPT QBSB BT QPQVMBÉ×FT &TUBT SFEFT PCWJBNFOUF QPEFNOÈPDPSSFTQPOEFSBFTUSBEBT 0 UFSSJUÓSJP FTUà FN QFSNBOFOUF USBOTGPSNBÉÈP $PN B FWPMVÉÈP OPT TJTUFNBT EF USBOTQPSUFT F DPNVOJDBÉ×FT  EFOUSP EF BMHVN UFNQP OÈP GBSà TFOUJEP BDFOUVBS BT EJGFSFOÉBT EF EFOTJEBEF OPT UFSSJUÓSJPT  RVF OÈP TFKB QBSB SFGFSFODJBS PT TFVT BTQFDUPT DPOTUSVUJWPT PVQBSBBMVEJSÆTWFSUFOUFTEFQBJTBHFN QBUSJNÓOJPFDVMUVSB QMBTNBEPT OBTEJGFSFOÉBTEFPSHBOJ[BÉÈPFBQSPQSJBÉÈPEPFTQBÉP4FSÈPBTSFEFTRVFWÈPEFàOJSPT OÎWFJT EF EFTFOWPMWJNFOUP  OBT RVBJT FTUBS QFSUP PV MPOHF Ê  DBEB WF[ NBJT  EJTTPDJÃWFM EBMPDBMJ[BÉÈPHFPHSÃàDB FDBEBWF[NBJTEFQFOEFOUFEBTSFMBÉ×FTFBMJBOÉBTRVFDBEBVN DPOTUSÓJ$BEBOÓ JOEJWÎEVP HSVQP PSHBOJ[BÉÈPPVMPDBM

DPOTUJUVJVNDFOUSPHFPHSÃàDP QPUFODJBM àDBOEPBTSFTUBOUFTFOUJEBEFTUFSSJUPSJBJTEJTUSJCVÎEBTQFMPTJOUFSTUÎDJPTEBSFEF 0VTFKB IBWFSÃTFNQSFBTPDJFEBEFEPTNBJTBDFTTÎWFJTFDPNNBJPSNPCJMJEBEF QPSRVF  UFOEFODJBMNFOUF TFEFàOFNTFNQSFDFOUSBMJEBEFTDPNNBJPSQPEFSBUSBDUJWPTPCSFFTTFT JOUFSTUÎDJPTNFOPTBUSBDUJWPTPVBUÊSFQVMTJWPT 0TUSBOTQPSUFTFBTDPNVOJDBÉ×FTTÈP TFNEÙWJEB VNBNBJTWBMJBQBSBBTÃSFBTEF CBJYBEFOTJEBEFQPQVMBDJPOBMUBMDPNPTFDPOIFDFNIPKF QPEFOEP OVNGVUVSPQSÓYJNP  RVBOEPBTSFEFTNÓWFJTFPTTJTUFNBTEFMJHBÉÈPTFNàPTPQFSNJUJSFN UPSOBSFTUBTÃSFBT QBSUJDVMBSNFOUFBUSBDUJWBTQBSBJOÙNFSPTTFHNFOUPTEBWJEBFDPOÓNJDBFTPDJBM RVFBUÊ IPKFTFGPSBNDPODFOUSBOEPOBTDJEBEFT " FTDBTTF[ EF BDFTTP BPT CFOT  TFSWJÉPT F JOGPSNBÉÈP OBT ÃSFBT EF CBJYB EFOTJEBEF FTUÃBUSBOTGPSNBSTFOVNPVUSPUJQPEFJOBDFTTJCJMJEBEFBGBDJMJEBEFEFBDFTTPÆTSFEFT EFJOGPSNBÉÈPFDPOIFDJNFOUPQSPQPSDJPOBNBDPOTPMJEBÉÈPEBDPOTDJËODJBEFRVFBRVJMP BRVFTFUFNBDFTTPÊ EFGBDUP ÎOàNPGBDFÆJOGPSNBÉÈPFDPOIFDJNFOUPEJTQPOÎWFJTFN UPEPP.VOEP $PODMVÎEBFTUBCSFWFSFáFYÈP àDBBJEFJBEFRVFBEJTDVTTÈP EFGVUVSP QPEFGB[FS TFFNEPJTQMBOPTPEBDPOTUSVÉÈPEPTUFSSJUÓSJPTEFBMUBFCBJYBEFOTJEBEFQPQVMBDJPOBM  OB EJNFOTÈP EF FTUSVUVSBT RVF TF FTUBCFMFDFN F EFUFSNJOBN QBES×FT EF EJTUSJCVJÉÈP F PSHBOJ[BÉÈP OP FTQBÉP HFPHSÃàDP  F P EBT SFEFT EF UFMFDPNVOJDBÉÈP F EPT TFVT SFáFYPT OBBMUFSBÉÈPEPTQBES×FTUSBEJDJPOBJTEFPSHBOJ[BÉÈPUFSSJUPSJBM%BRVJ BTJOáVËODJBTEPT TJTUFNBTEFUSBOTQPSUFTFDPNVOJDBÉ×FTTPCSFBTOPWBTEJOÄNJDBTEFSFMBÉÈPFGVODJPOBNFOUP UFSSJUPSJBM DPOTUJUVJVNBQMBUBGPSNBEFEJTDVTTÈPUSBOTWFSTBMRVF DBEBWF[NBJT QBSFDFUFS NFOPTBàOJEBEFDPNPTEJGFSFOUFTOÎWFJTEFEFOTJEBEFQPQVMBDJPOBM 

%LSA0ACHECO

#JCMJPHSBàB #0//"'064 "1-"44"3% 'F406. %  mi-BEÊUFDUJPOEFTFGGFDUTTUSVDUVSBOUFT EBVUPSPVUFTBQMJDBUJPOÆMBWBMMÊFEV3IÔOFv 3FWVF­DPOPNJRVF 7PM997  .BSÉP QQ  $"*3/$3044  '   m 5IF %FBUI PG UIF %JTUBODF )PX UIF DPNNVOJDBUJPOT SFWPMVUJPO XJMM DIBOHFPVSMJWFT )BSWBSE#VTJOFTT 4DIPPM1SFTT 64" '&33"0 +  3FMBÉ× 3FMBÉ×FTFOUSFNVOEPSVSBMFNVOEPVSCBOPFWPMVÉÈPIJTUÓSJDB TJUVB ÓSJDB TJUVBÉÈPBDUVBM FQJTUBTQBSBPGVUVSP &63& 4BOUJBHP

 TFU WPM  Q (*--.03 %  mi$IBOHFJOSVSBM&VSPQFu (FPHSBQIJB1PMPOJDB  

QQ )*--."/ .F8"--&: "  m8BMLJOHJOUSBOTQPSU 1PMJDZ4UVEJFT*OTUJUVUF WPM 9-7  -POESFT .&3-*/ 1  (ÊPHSBQIJF  Ê ÊÊDPOPNJFFUQMBOJàDBUJPOEFTUSBOTQPSUT 1SFTTFT6OJWFSTJUBJSFTEF 'SBODF 16''VOEBNFOUBM 1BSJT )0:-&  # F ,/08-&4  3     .PEFSO USBOTQPSU (FPHSBQIZ  #FMIBWFO 1SFTT  8FTU 4VTTFY /65-&: 4  mi*OEJDBUPSTPGUSBOTQPSUBOEBDDFTTJCJMJUZQSPCMFNTJOSVSBM"VTUSBMJBu  +PVSOBMPG5SBOTQPSU(FPHSBQIZ  QQ 08&/ 8  5SBOTQPSUBUJPOBOE8PSME%FWFMPQNFOU +PIOT)PQLJOT6OJWFSTJUZ1SFTT  -POEPO 1"$)&$0 &  m"MUFSBÉÈ "MUFSBÉÈPEBT"DFTTJCJMJEBEFTF%JOÄNJDBT5FSSJUPSJBJTOB3FHJ Ä È ÈP/PSUF FYQFDUBUJWBT JOUFSWFOÉ×FTFSFTVMUBOUFT UFTFEFEPVUPSBNFOUP '-61 1PSUP FYQFDUBUJWBT JOUFSWFOÉ× 5"-#05  ) F 3":  $   m i3VSBM UFMFNBUJD 5IF JOGPSNBUJPO TPDJFUZ BOE SVSBM EFWFMPQNFOUuJO$3"/( .FUBM 7JSUVBM(FPHSBQIJFT#PEJFT TQBDFBOESFMBUJPOT 3PVUMFEHF  -POESFT QQ 50--&: 356350/ #  5SBOTQPSU4ZTUFNT 1PMJDZBOE1MBOOJOH"(FPHSBQIJDBM "QQSPBDI -POHNBO 4DJFOUJàD5FDIOJDBM -POEPO



Lihat lebih banyak...

Comentários

Copyright © 2017 DADOSPDF Inc.