Barack Obama Policy Against Syria Problem

Barrack Obama Foreign Policy Facing Suriah Problem
Background
Today, international world have in chaos with the event that occur in the middle east that was reaching to the other state. In 2011, news about demontration di Syria poeple that demand to Bazhar Assad regime to resign. Bashar Assad regime has ruled long enough in Syria, begin from Hefez Al Assad in 1972 than replaced by his son, Bashar Assad in 2000 till today, inflict the protest in his state. This Syria movement are part of Arab Spring Wave that go on in Middle East States. But unfortunately, Basha Assad Regime react with the violace.
As was the case in arround the Syria in middle east and Africa, Syiria people finally aware to join the fight for democracy and demanding the resignation of government that to long have a power in their state.
President of U.S. states that they (Syria people) aspire the democracy system.
"The United States has been inspired by Syrian peoples' pursuit of a peacefull transition to democracy. They have braved ferocious brutality at the hand of their governtment. They have spoken with their peaceful marches, their silent shaming of the Syrian regime, and their courageous persistance in the face of brutality – day after day, week after week."
Based on Barrack Obama statement, the reality that U.S. take a point in this cricis and placed them self become a part of it to become a person that active to respond.
"The future of Syria must be determined by its people, but President Bashar al-Assad is standing in their way. His calls for dialogue and reform have rung hollow while he is imprisoning, torturing, and slaughtering his own people. We have consistently said that President Assad must lead a democratic transition or get out of the way. He has not led. For the sake of the Syrian people, the time has come for President Assad to step aside."
Barrack Obama also states
"The United States cannot and will not impose this transition upon Syria. It is up to the Syrian people to choose their own leaders, and we have heard their strong desire that there not be foreign intervention in their movement. What the United States will support is an effort to bring about a Syria that is democratic, just, and inclusive for all Syrians. We will support this outcome by pressuring President Assad to get out of the wayof this transition, and standing up for the universal rights of the Syrian people along with others in the international community."
Based on the direct statement of Barrack Obama, it can be seen that U.S. had a strong desire to resign the Bassar Assad regime. The main reason actually to help Syrian peoples that crushed by Assad government.
At least the United States imposed a series of measures referring to foreign policy toward Syria, which form new Syrian opposition coalition and unilaterally legalize it as the legitimate government. In addition, the United States is also providing armaments and military training support for coalition groups based outside Syria. The purpose of the opposition coalition formation is to create a constitution and a new political transition for Syria. US foreign policy always contains a strong basic thinking pattern and promoting democracy as the only goal since the time of Woodrow Wilson.
Terrorism is considered as a threat of US security and terrorism are consider thrives in Middle Eastern countries that are not democratic. But the aim of promoting democracy not only on security issues but also related to the economic "well-being" to be achieved.
Syria, which is part of the Middle East of course be the next United States foreign policy goals. The existence of efforts to bring down the Assad regime today is one of the United States foreign policy. So no wonder if the United States refuses any form of diplomatic efforts to save Syria and prefer to support and provide funding for the coalition parties and rebels.
Question
What the United States policy towards the problem in syria?
What are the factor that supports the policy be made?
What interests to be achieved by the United States with a policy in syria?
How the results of the policy implementation?
Content
Foreign policy can be defined as a state strategy in dealing with other countries or international actors. The foreign policy is also a media and at the same time controlled by the state to achieve national goals specifically in the term of national interest. Meanwhile, according to Machiavelli, each country must pursue its national interests and never expect to the state or other authorities.
In the case of Syria, the cause of conflict derived from public dissatisfaction with the political system that took place in Syria. Another trigger of the conflict is the issue of sectarian between Sunni - Shia. Subsequently, the trigger of the outbreak of Syrian conflict caused by the effect of the turmoil of Arab Spring which hit the region so that the Syrian people was finally moved to do a similar revolution. So far, many people believe that the crisis and the conflict in Syria is basically a problem between Sunni with Shia sect. The fact that President Assad is coming from Alawy and enemies are from the Sunni sect, I think it was only a trigger.
Associated with the situation in Syria, foreign policy taken by the United States is closely related with the national interest that wants to accomplish in Syria. U.S. foreign policy towards Syria also reflects the strategy and what steps are being taken to achieve these interests. Associated with the situation in Syria, the foreign policy of the United States as a superpower has a strong influence among other countries. The strength of United States going to support it to get its national interests against Syria, as reflected in its foreign policy. It is undeniable that the foreign policy implemented by the United States in response to the Syrian crisis has a close connection with its national interests. This is due to the national interest as a fundamental objective and the final deciding factor which directs decision makers in formulating of state foreign policy.
Since March 2011 when the Syrian conflict began unfold to the surface through the media, the United States has had a series of policies against Syria. This policy is carried out in order to respond the international situation that is going on there. A series of actions taken by the United States related to the Syrian conflict certainly motivated by some interests of the United States, either against Syria itself or to Middle East in general. United States officially focus on efforts to unite the Syrian opposition groups. From September 2012 until February 2013, the foreign policy of the United States concentrated on efforts to help unite the political situation and armed opposition groups to make it easier to get help from the US and international support. The United States also took measures to support the defense of the Syrian border, ie in the Turkey and Jordan, this is to help the spreading of weapons for United States soldiers.
In the spring 2013 when about 70,000 Syrians have been killed and the greater number of refugees has reached millions people, the United States added its humanitarian aid through the UN and providing weapons to the newly formed Syrian opposition. On August 21, the number of casualties due to chemical weapons attacks have accused Syria is responsible for the use of such weapons. In this regard, President Obama wants to convey that the tolerance granted by the United States is already up on "a red line" and if it proven Syria using chemical weapons, the United States will attack Syria. Finally, on August 31, 2013, President Obama decided that it would to respond the alleged use of chemical weapons by Syria with miliary attacks.
Based on the data, appear that from the beginning of the political crisis hit Syria, the United States has significantly sanctions against the Assad regime and its supporters. Not only that, the United States also seeks to make a military intervention against Syria but unfortunately these efforts have always failed by China and Russia as a veto.
US foreign policy toward Syria increasingly heated when in June 2013 Bashar Assad is accused of using chemical weapons, including sarin, on a small scale against the opposition last year. Responding to the issue of chemical weapons, the White House decided to increase aid to the opposition, including assistance in the form of military weaponry. Then on August 31, 2013, President Obama proposed draft of resolution invoke the authority of Congress to conduct military operations against the Syrian regime with an excuse to hold back amount the use of chemical weapons by Assad.
The Middle East is a region that is strategic and has a high economic value. Moreover, this region is also a center of the divine religions development. This region has the largest oil reserves compared to other areas. Countries in the Middle East has become the countries that import weapons from both the East and the West because of the wealth that acquired from the oil revenues. Because the property that owned, this area is then transformed into a "continental economy" that capable of being a potential market to sell products. Security and stability in the Middle East Region has a huge impact for neighboring countries and for the international community.
It is undeniable that the United States does have a range of interests in the Middle East Region. At least three main interest of the US in the region, which is the need to dominate the natural resources in the Middle East, although the United States is rich in natural resources, but it is still not enough to meet all its needs. The United States is a country that lacks of oil, domestic production is only able to provide half of all the use of oil what they needed.
Safeguard the interests of Israel by constantly support and ensure the existence of the country. This was probably caused by groups of interest in the body of the US government itself. These groups of interest consist of various groups with a various interests that different but have the same goal, namely, that their interests can be heard by the government. Israel as the main ally of the United States has always been a major priority of the United States even before the state was founded on May 14, 1948. Incredibly, Israel has been able to convince the United States that they have the same vision and mission of siding with Israel is the right decision.
So far the United States has become a superpower and almost no country that rival the existence. Unfortunately, the paradigm that the country has become a superpower as though collapsing after the occurrence of events in September 11, 2001 or more commonly known as 9/11. Since then, Islam then often linked to terrorism and indirectly it succeed in forming the international public opinion that the characteristics of the terrorists are Islamic religion, has a striking appearance with a turban and a beard, and etc.. However, there is a vision and mission that brought by the United States for the Middle East region after 9/11, that efforts to promote democracy in the region. Based on these statements, it can be concluded that the problem of terrorism one of the reasons for the United States to apply its foreign policy in the Middle East. United States even dare raise budget cost to support the democratization program.
The last interest to block the growing movement of Islam radical and to create the Islamic ummah that "pro-Western". The United States accused Syria of involvement of terrorist networks, has nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction, such as chemical weapons and biological weapons. Range of accusations that do not make sense and do not have the evidence basically made this issue even more confusing and obscure the view of the people about the truth of this crisis.
Conclusion
Syria conflict originated from the Arab Spring turmoil that hit the Middle East countries but the situation is worsened due to many external parties and interests involved in the conflict. This is because issues of sectarian between Sunni - Shia in Syria and the involvement of the United States that further complicate the conflict. The international community should be more sensitive to see the Syrian conflict from a different angle and be able to maping these conflicts appropriately.
In essence, the basis of US policy on Syria can not be separated from the basic policies on the Middle East. The policy then guided the United States to undertake political reforms (democratization) and the need to maintain Israel's security while eliminating the threat of terrorism. Similar to the basic policy of the United States in the Middle East, the interests of the United States against Syria does not escape from their importance to the Middle East in general, that are the need to manage and dominate the natural resources of Syria. Syria as one of the few countries which openly reject Israel, and not easily controlled by the West, should get more attention and more support from the international community. This is because if Bashar Assad succeeded dropped, then Syria will be easily mastered and controlled by the United States on his behalf.



Reference
Dina Y. Sulaeman, Prahara Suriah: Membongkar Persekongkolan Multinasional, Depok, Pustaka
IMaN 2013, page. 15
Jack C. Plano and Roy Olton, 1999, Kamus Hubungan Internasional, Bandung: Abardin, page 5. 89
cited Amdya Mashfufah Hisyam, ―Analisis Kebijakan Luar Negeri Rusia Terhadap Suriah ,
thesis, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 2013,page. 11
Machiavelli, in Robert Jackson and George Sorensen, 2005, Pengantar Studi Hubungan
Internasional, translated by Dadan Suryadipura, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, page 89 cited
Amdya Mashfufah Hisyam, ―Analisis Kebijakan Luar Negeri Rusia Terhadap Suriah , tesis,
Hasanuddin University, Makassar 2013, page. 9.
Anak Agung Banyu Perwita and Yanyan M. Yani. 2005. Pengantar Ilmu Hubungan Internasional.
Bandung : Rosdakarya, page. 35
Jeremy M. Sharp and Christopher M. Blanchard are Specialists in Middle Eastern Affairs, ―Armed
Conflict in Syria: Backgroud and U.S. Response , a report that published by Congressional
Research Service (CRS), 2013, page. 15.
Alan Taylor, Pergeseran-pergeseran Aliansi Dalam Sistem Perimbangan Kekuatan Arab,
Amarpress, 1990, cited by Agus N. Cahyo, Tokoh-tokoh Timur Tengah yang Diam-diam Jadi
Antek Amerika dan Sekutunya, Jogjakarta, DIVA Press, 2011, pages, 32-34.

Presiden Barack Obama, Statement by President Obama on the Situation in Syria¸ http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/08/18/statement-president-obama-situation-syria, march 9, 2013.
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/22/world/middleeast/us-to-focus-on-forciblytoppling-syrian-government.html?_r=3&pagewanted=all&
http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/imports/companylevel/ accessed on February 6, 2016



Dina Y. Sulaeman, Prahara Suriah: Membongkar Persekongkolan Multinasional, Depok, Pustaka IMaN 2013, page. 15
Presiden Barack Obama, Statement by President Obama on the Situation in Syria¸ http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/08/18/statement-president-obama-situation-syria, march 9, 2013.
Ibid
President Barack Obama, op cit.
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/22/world/middleeast/us-to-focus-on-forciblytoppling-syrian-government.html?_r=3&pagewanted=all&
Jack C. Plano and Roy Olton, 1999, Kamus Hubungan Internasional, Bandung: Abardin, page 5. 89 cited Amdya Mashfufah Hisyam, ―Analisis Kebijakan Luar Negeri Rusia Terhadap Suriah , tesis, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 2013,page. 11
Machiavelli, in Robert Jackson and George Sorensen, 2005, Pengantar Studi Hubungan Internasional, translated by Dadan Suryadipura, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, page 89 cited Amdya Mashfufah Hisyam, Analisis Kebijakan Luar Negeri Rusia Terhadap Suriah , tesis, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 2013, page. 9.
Anak Agung Banyu Perwita and Yanyan M. Yani. 2005. Pengantar Ilmu Hubungan Internasional. Bandung : Rosdakarya, page. 35
Jeremy M. Sharp and Christopher M. Blanchard are Specialists in Middle Eastern Affairs, ―Armed Conflict in Syria: Backgroud and U.S. Response , a report that published by Congressional Research Service (CRS), 2013, page. 15.
Ibid, page 16
Alan Taylor, Pergeseran-pergeseran Aliansi Dalam Sistem Perimbangan Kekuatan Arab, Amarpress, 1990, cited by Agus N. Cahyo, Tokoh-tokoh Timur Tengah yang Diam-diam Jadi Antek Amerika dan Sekutunya, Jogjakarta, DIVA Press, 2011, pages, 32-34.
http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/imports/companylevel/ accessed on February 6, 2016
Agus N. Cahyo Ibid, page, 14.
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