British Museum Greek coins 1897 Caria Cos Rhodes

A CATALOGUE

THE GEEEK COINS IX

THE BRITISH MUSEUM.

;

CATALOGUE OF

TUi-J

GREEK COINS OF CARIA, RHODES,

COS,

&C.

BY

BAKCLAY

y.

HEAD,

ICmPUE OP THE DEPAETICEITT OF

Ph.D.,

D.C.L., COIlfS AS"!)

MEDALS.

WITH ONE MAP AND FORTY FIVE AUTOTYPE PLATES.

LONDON TRUSTEES OP THE BRITISH MUSEUM. PRINTED BY ORDER OP THE B. QUATUTCH, 16, Piccadilly, W. Oxford TTniversity Press Warehouse, Amen Corner, E.C. C. ROLLIN & FEUARDENT, 6, Bloomsbury St., W.C., and A. ASHER & CO.; 4, Rue de Louvois, Paris KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO. LONGMANS, GUEEN & CO. ;

HENRY PROWDE,

;

;

1897. [_All rights reserved.]

;

-CO LONDON PRINTED BX GILBERT AND KIVUTOTON, LD., ST.

joen’s eodse, oleekenwell road, E,C.

73

7

37771

1

PEE FA C

E.

Tnfs volume of the Catalogue of the Greek Coins in the British

Museum comprises Asia

Minor,

the

anciently

money

South-Western regions of

of the

known

Caria,

as

and of the adjacent

Astypalaea^ Calymna^ Carpathos^ Cos^ Megiste, Nisjros,

islands^

Rhodes, &c.

The Map which accompanies the work In

its

physical features

Orbis antiquij

Mr.

J.

1894

(Map

by Mr. B, V. Darbishire.

mainly based on Kiepert^s Formae

is

it

is

ix.)

;

but,

owing

to

the kindness of

L. Myres, the results of his recent explorations

in the

country to the north of the Ceramic gulf have been placed at the disposal of

Mr, Darbishire, and have enabled him

important modifications in these regions, sites of

to

to

mark

make som^

correctly the

the towns of Caryanda, Telm-essus, and Chalcetor.

The

indicated on the map, of Bargasa, Euippe, Hyllarima,

and

sites, as

^styra

and

{/cara 'P6Bov)y are

ventured to place on the

more or

map

less

conjectural,

I

have not

the positions of Euraliura, Callipolis,

and Pyrnus, of which places there

ai'O

no coins in the British

Museum.

A few British

more remarkable and

of the

Museum

are

interesting coins not in the

figured on PI. XLV.,

among

which, however,

the tetradrachm of Cnidus (Fig, 7) has been added to the Collection since the Plate

was printed.

PREFACE.

VI

The

size of

weight of

all

the coins

is

given

in

inches and tenths, and the

gold and silver coins in Eng. Troy grs.

Tables for

converting grains into grammes, as well as into the measures of

Mionnet^s scale, are placed at the end of the volume.

In the revision of the work, I have received material assistance

from Mr. Warwick Wroth and Mr, G. P.

Hill, Assistants in

Department of Coins and Medals.

BARCLAY British Museum. July^ 1896

.

V.

HEAD.

the

CONTENTS. PAGE

..........

3?rei*ace

Introduction § I. §

V

XXV

Geographical limits of Caria

XXV.

..... ......... ......

IL Ndmismatig History of the Greek and Carian towns OF South-Western Asia Minor Alabanda

Ho coinage before b.c. 197 Name changed to Antiochia Eesumption

......

of its original name, circ. b.c.

Alexandrine tetradracbms struck Cultns of

^Roma^ and games

Probable cessation of Imperial times

coinage

...

xxviii B.c.

170

.....

between

Augustus— Philip and

B.c.

133

Otacilia

.

.

B.c.

Imperial coinage, Augustus to Caracalla and Plautilla

Amyzon Site,

H.W.

of

.

Alinda

Coinage probably belongs to the Imperial period Antiochia ad

Maeandrum

Probably founded by Antiochus Soter

Alexandrine tetradrachms &c., before

Autonomous coinage

.

B.c.

168

,

in the

name

after b.o.

Early Imperial coins struck

.

.

xxix

and

Alexander

Coinage of the 2nd cent.

xx^ni

Alabanda honour from

.

to

xxvii

xxviii

Strong fortress in the district called Hidrias

Ceded by Ada

XXvi

189

........ ...... .......... ......

Imperial coinage,

Alinda

at

in her

xxvi

.

168

xxix xxix

XXX

XXX

XXX XXX XXX xxxi xxxi

xxxi xxxi xxxi xxxi

,

xxxi

of the %wap)(ia

xxxii

.

,

i

via

CONTENTS.

.......

Aphrodisias and Flarasa

Eights of IktvOepia and drcXcta conferred upon

39

— 35

.

.

drachms

Silver

.

time

of the

of

equivalent to Eonian denarii

Bronze

coins,

Titles

of

Augustus

b.o. .

.

..... .... Augustus

........ ..... ........ ...... Dedicatory

festivals, &c.

of Aphrodite

Apollonia Salhace

Doubtful attribution of coins with Maeander symbol ?

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

List of strategi of Apollonia

A styra

.

Probable

.

•

.

.

,

*

.

.

.

........ .......... ..... .... ........ .....

Coinage before and after the foundation of

Atiuda

and

limits of its territory

Second or

first

century silver drachms

Imperial coinage

Cultus of

Use

Men Karou

of Std

in place

Attuda

at

of

towns in U.E.

Caria.

.

.......... ........ ......

Titles of magistrates, Ylos ttoAcws, Tepeta, Asiarch

Site

still

.

.

doubtful

Coins exclusively Imperial

Bargylia

xxxvd

xxxvi xxxvii xxxA-ii

xxxvii xxx\dii

xxxix xxxix

xxxix xl xl xli

xli xlii xlii xlii

xlii xlii

Euins on the southern shore

of the gulf of Bargylia

.

...... ......... .....

FTo inscribed coins

known

Temple

Kindyas

Callipolis

xxxv xxxvi

before magistrates^ names

IttI

peculiar to a small group of

Bargasa

xxxiv

Ehodus

408)

(b.c.

Site

.

on the mainland opposite Ehodos

site

xxxiv

Agonistic

issues.

.

Eeverse type, Sabazios or Amazon

xxxiii

as

tariflPed

to Gallienus

magistrates.

Famous temple

it

.

.

.

.

PACE xxxiii

of Artemis

Probably situate on the

earlier

than the 1st cent.

b.c.

.

S. coast

Bronze coins of the 2nd or

1st century b.c.

.

,

.

xlii xliii xliii xliii

xliii xliii

CONTENTS.

ix

......... ..........

Garyanda

Discovery of

site

near Telmessus

CaunuB

.

.

Small bronze coins of the 4th cent.

.

.

.

B.c.

Importantmaval station

possession of the Ptolemies from b.c. 309

Purchased by the Ehodians,

xliii sdiii xliii xliii

xliv

Archaic staters probably struck at Caunus

A

P^GB

circ. B.c.

xliv

xliv

,

189

xliv

........

Revolts from Rhodes, b.c. 167

xliv

Coinage

xliv

Ceramus

.

...

xlv

Situation

An

^

important

member

xlv

•

of the Chrysaorean Confederacy

xlv

Old road from Ceramus to Stratonicea through Panamara

xlv

Silver and bronze 2nd or 1st century coins, similar to

xlv

those of Stratonicea

Types on Imperial coins of Zeus Chrysaoreus and Zeus Stratios or Labraundos Clialcetori})

Site fixed at Kara-lcoyoun

Small

.

.

.

of

.

xlv

,

......

xlv xlv

........ .........

bronze coins, either of Chalcetor or of the island

of Chalce

Ohersonesus

The Kotvov Xepo-ovacrtW as distinct from Cnidus, assessed in Athenian Tribute Lists

xlv xlvi

.... separately

Coins anterior to B.c, 500, of the Aeginetic Standard

xlvi

xlvi

,

Cidramus

xlvi

....... ....... ......

Probably situate near the Lydian and Phrygian frontiers S. of the

Maeander

Cultus of Zeus Lydios

xlvi xlvi

Imperial coinage, Augustus to Julia Maesa, Magistrates'

names preceded by

xlvii

Sta

Family of Seleucus, Polemo, Pamphilus, &c.

xlvii

,

b

X

CONTEXTS.

.... ......

Qnidus

Member ^

Dorian Hesapolis

of the

B.c. 700-650.

dite (PI.

xiii.

Forepart of Lion, sym-

weight.

bol of the Triopian Apollo.

0

.

.

480-412.

Rev., Archaic

.

.

.

412-400.

B.c.

400-390.

.

.

.

....

Revolt from Athens

(PI, xiv. 5)

,

.

5YN,

Rhodes

in alliance

(PL

xiv.

9),

3 Dr., in-

with head of

activity of the

4 Drs., Drs., &c. (PL xv. viii.

Aphrodite

1-8,

and Montagu Sale Cat, xlix

of Aphrodite, doubtful copies of that of the

famous statue by Praxiteles 300-190.

two

numerous Drachms, Bronze

.

coins,

are figured

(fee,,

PL

PL

xv.

xv. 14-19.

Egypt B.c.

.

.

.

,

PL

xiv. 7, 8,

9-13.

and

First issue

Active trade with

'

.

190-167.

Issue

.

.

.

....

1

Assimilation of the Cnidian coinage to

Rhodes (PL

that of

xvi, 1)

.

li

during this period of Alexandrine 4 Drs.

(Muller, nos, 1151-2)

After B.c. 167.

li

Cessation of silver coinage at Cnidus,

and remarkable decrease during the bronze issues

Fxtreme

1

Five beautiful 4 Drs. assigned to this

period j of which

of

Gaidian mint,

599)

Heads

B.c.

xlix

xlix

Renewed

390-300.

PI.

xlix

xlix

with Ephesus, lasus, Samos

^irjrXoia B.C.

xlviii

Adoption of the Rhodian Standard, 4 Dr.,

2 Dr., 1 Dr. (PL xiv. 6-8), and Federal

and

.

Cessation of coinage during the Athenian

Cnidus again strikes drachms

scribed

head of

8-13, PI. siv.

xiii.

hegemony B.c.

xlvii

xlvii

7)

Aphrodite in incuse square (PL 1-4)

.

Series of drachms and smaller divisions

of Aeginetic

B.c.

.

xlvii

Stater with very archaic head of Aphro-

650-480.

B.c.

,

.

.

PAGE

rarity of Imperial coinage

1st cent. b.c. of

....

li

h

OONTENTS.

...... ........

Site fixed at Beli-Pouli

Oys.

Small autonomous bronze coins

KY, KYI,

and

Inscr.

[KJYEIXnN.

{Hist,

.......... 52d)

Hin.) p.

Buippe Site

KYITX2N

Roman times.

of

not ascertained, but probably near Alabanda

Rare bronze coins of 2nd or times (Pi.

Buralium,

xvii. 1, 2)

Identified

by Borrell {Num,

with the Uranium of Pliny. ing

€YPAA€I1N(?)

Site fixed at

.

.

.....

AyaMi, near Mylasa

......... ... ......... b.c. to

Imperial times

.

Site probably at Karasu^ near Aphrodisias

Rare bronze coins of the 2nd Halicarnassus

cent. b.c. (PI. xvii. 9)

.

..... ......

Scanty coinage before the time of Mausolus,

b.c.

367

,

Residence of the Satraps of Caria

Destroyed by Alexander Rebuilt in the 3rd cent.

(B ronze B.c.

.

&c. (PI. xviii. 14-16)

.

.

.

.

......

Drachms

later.

Halicarnassus almost deserted

,

.

Coinage almost wholly of Imperial times

The

title ' Ap^^larpos

«

liii liii

Hii liii

liii liii

liii

Hv liv*

Hv Iv

.

<

*

•

.

•

Heraclea Salhace

.....

Site fixed at Makuf,- at the foot of Mt. Salbacus,

overlooking the plain of Tabae

iv

of the Rhodian type,

.......... ... ........

Imperial times.

liii

while under Ptolemaic rule.

coins, PI. xviii. 9-10)

188-166 and

Harpasa

b.c.

lii

Coin of Caracal la read-

Local cult of Zeus Euromeus

Gordiuteichos

lii

151)

QJiron.^ ix.

of doubtful attribution

Bronze coins from 2nd cent.

lii

and of Imperial

......... ....

Euromus

lii

lii

.

.

......

1st cent, b.c.,

PAGE

Iv Iv Ivi Ivi Ivi Ivi

and

Ivi

XU

CONTENTS,

PAGE Its territory

bounded on the

W. by

the E, Timeles

Eemarkable types

Imperial coinage.

,

.

*

.

.

....... ..... ......... ....... ..... .......... *

Hydisus

,

.

.

,

.

.

.

.

.

.

name

Correct form of

Bronze coins of the 1st cent.

B.c.

HijlJarima

Uncertainty as to

Bronze lasus

site

of early Imperial times

Site opposite Bargyiia,

on the northern shore of the gulf

Tetradrachm struck there by Tissaphernes

PL

xxxi. 6); probably in b.c,

394-390.

B.C.

390-250.

IS'o

Hermias and the Dolphin

of

190-168.

B.c.

Iviii Iviii Iviii

lix lix

Ionia,

lix

..... ... .....

tion of coinage

lx

till

lx

Origin of the type

grs.).

lasus under Ehodian dominion.

Principal coin types

.... ....... ....

head of the Ceramic gulf

lx

Cessa-

Imperial times

ddy fna Site at the

Iviii

Iviii

coinage in this period

Drachms (82

250-190.

B.c.

(^Gat,

Iviii

Federal coinage in alliance with Ephesus^

Samos, Cnidus, and Ehodus B.c.

....

395

Iri Ivii

......... ........ .......... .....

Ixi

Ixi 1

yi

Ixi

Archaic drachms of Aeginetic weight probably struck at

Idyma B.c.

437-400.

Drachms

of

the

(PI. xxi. 8-9)

After

Mylasd

B.c.

400.

Drachms

Strabo’s description of

of later style

its site

Chief city of Caria under Hecatomnus

Temples

of

314.

(PL

xxi. 10)

.

....

........

Zeus Osogoa

Labraundos B.c,

Ixii

Phoenician standard Ixii Ixii

bdi Ixii Ixii

Zeus Stratios or

Ixiii

Bronze, perhaps struck at Mylasa by Eupolo-

mus, General of Cassander

(PI. xxxi.

H)

.

.

.

Ixiii

CONTENTS.

Xlll

PAGE After

...... ........ ...... Alexandrine tetradrachms and

190.

B.c.

Hylasa

Philippi, struck at

Imperial coinage

Medallions of Asia

Circ,

hy Leake

collection

2nd and

(PL

at GumisliU

Ixiv

Ixiv

xlv. 9)

.

.

Ixiv

.... ....

Unique tetradracbm in the

190.

B.c.

Ixiil

.

MynduB Site identified

gold

Ixiv

Hague Ixiv

Series of drachms, &c., of Attic

1st cent. b.c.

weight with numerous Magistrates’ names in nominative case

.

.

Imperial coins

to Sept.

Nea;polis Myncliorum{V)

....

.

.

Ixiv

.

Myndus

coin of the

HJeapoUs ad Harpasum

.

Severus

....... ..... .......

Site uncertain, hut near

Unique bronze

.

.

down

2nd or

1st cent. b.c.

Site fixed at Ineholij in the lower valley of the

,

.

Ixv Ixv

Ixv Ixv Ixv

Harpasus

Ixv

..... ....

Ixv

Prevalent confusion between coins of this city and those of Neapolis Aurelia in Ionia

Imperial coinage, Gordian to Yolusian Ortho&ia

Ixvi Ixvii

Site fixed at Ortas by Kubitschek and Eeichel

Bronze coins from the 3rd

cent, b.c.,

names, and Imperial without them SehastopoUs

.

,

....

Ixvii

with Magistrates’

....... .........

Site fixed at Kizilje

Ixvii Ixvii

Ixvii

Imperial coinage from time of Vespasian to that of Sept.

Severus

S .

i

ratouicea

A

Macedonian settlement.

Temples in the

Site fixed at Msld-Kissar

Stratonicean

territory,

of

Hekate

.

Ixvii l-yimi

Ixviii

at

Lagina, of Zeus Chrysaoreus or Karios near the city^

and

of

Zeus Panamaros at Panamara

....

Ixviii

XIY

CONTENTS.

PAGE B.o.

189-168.

Coins of the Alexaiidjine type

After B.c. 168.

Stratonicea a free city

Autonomous liemidrachms, B.c. 88-84.

Proedom confirmed After

Ti’idrachm

81

B.o.

Silver

81.

B.c.

.

(166

.

Ixix

.

Ixix

.

.

.

.

.

.

during the ,

,

.

.

— Stater

;

Drachm

.

52*3 grs,

.

Ixx

.

Ixx

or

(PI. xxiii.

.

.

.

confirmed by Decrees of the

rights

Ixix

.

...... ...... .......

grs.)

39 and a.d. 22

B.o.

Rome

and bronze coins:

17), and bronze coins Resists Labienus b.o. 40

Ancient

.

,

Rhodian weight

&c., of

Stratonicea faithful to

Mithradatic war

.

•

Silver coins of Imperial times (PI. xxiv.

1,

5)

.

.

Ixx Ixxi

Senate,

.

.

Ixxi

.

Ixxi

Prevalent types {M> and jE), Zeus Panamaros on horseback, and Hekate

Coins reading

INAI, INA€I,

to Stratonicea in Caria

.

.

f

.

Rewarded war

.

.

.

........... ...... ....... .... for fidelity to

(efre. b.c.

Imperial times.

.

.

M' agistrates

Chief types

Rome

of this time

Re-commencement

.

probably from

.

.

eirc,

^

.

Ly cia

.

it

Ixxiv

Ixxiv Ixxiv

Ixxiv Ixxiv

Ixxv Ixxvi

of a silver coinage, b.c.

39 to Nero's

.

Site near Halicarnassus

Coins sometimes assigned to

Ixxii Ixxiii

during the Mithradatic

......... ......... ......... ...... ........

lasted

time

Telmessus

,

82)

drachm and bronze

which

it

modern Davos

Site at the

Silver

.

,

•

Dcubtful attribution of coins assigned to Tabae

.

... ...

Site near Halicarnassus

Ixxii

wrongly attributed

0€OY on large bronze coins

Countermark Syangela

&c.,

Ixxvi Ixxvii Ixxvii

Ixxvii

Ixxvii

belong to Telmessus in

Ixxvn

——

CONTEXTS.

XV PAGE

...... ....

Termera Site west of Halicarnassus

\/

Governed by TymneSj

\j

Histiaeus,

,,

V

circ. b.o.

circ. b.o.

480

.

.

Absorption in Halicarnassus

Ixxvii Ixxviii

.

.

(PI. xxvii. 2)

Ixxviii

....

Ixxviii

Cessation of coinage under Athenian dominion

367.

Ixxvii

.

.

.

Silver coin of

B.C.

Ixxvii

500

Tymnes II. (?)_, before b.C. 450 Tymnes II., of Persic weight

„

Ixxvii

.

.

Ixxviii

TrapezopoUs

Ixxviii

..... ........

Site on the northern slopes of Mt. Salbacus

.

Ixxviii

.

.

Ixxviii

Coinage wholly of Imperial times Piincipal types

.... ...

Alliance with Attuda

§

HI. Satraps op Caria Hecatomnus,

367

?

Ixxix

;

....... .......

395-377

circ. b.C.

Mausolus, B.C. 377-353 B.C.

Ixxix

.

.

.

Synoiliismos of Halicarnassus

Artemisia, b.c. 353 351

.

.

.

.

Ixxxi

.

Ixxxi Ixxxi

.

I

Hidrieus, b.c. 351-344

Ada,

§

B.c.

xxxi ii

Lxxxiii

lxxxiii

344-340

Pixodarus, B.c. 340-334

lxxxiii

Orontobates, b.c. 334-333

Ixxxiv

lY, Islands of Caria

:

Ixxxv

AstypaJaea

Bronze coins from the 3rd cent.

B.C.

.

.

.

Alexandrine gold staters and tetradrachms

struck

Ixxxv

.

at

Ixxxvi

Astypalaea B.c. 105.

Constituted a Civitas Poederata

.

.

Calymna B.c,

600-550.

,

Archaic silver staters (PI. xxix. 8)

Plentiful silver coinage in the 3rd cent, b.c

Garpathos

Ixxxvi

.

.....

Archaic coins of

f*-"'

*

^

.

Ixxxvi

.

Ixxxvi

.

Ixxxvii

.

Ixxxviii

.

IxxxAuii

XVI

CONTENTS.

PA GB Glialce or Chalcia

Saiall bronze

.

,

coins usually assigned to

scribed under Chalcetor (p. 79)

Cos

'\j

Small electrum and

b.c.

and Diobol, PL xxx. V

V

this island de-

.

...........

7th cent.

The Crab 5th

cent.

symbol

as a

an

.....

of Herakles

B.c.

.

.

.

Ixxxix

xc

the .

.

...... ....... ......

xci

Foundation of the new city of Cos at the

366.

eastern end of the island

Coinage

IxxxiY

The

connected with

type

agonistic

Triopian games (PL xxx. 3-5)

.

Attic weight.

of

Ixxxix

(Stater

silver coins

2) of Aeginetic weight

Tetradrachms

B.c.

Discobolus

1,

Ixxxix

xci

366 on the Ehodian (reduced Attic)

after B.C.

standard (PL xxx. 6-15), with names of the eponymous magistrates B.c.

of the head of Herakles B.C.

Smaller denominations of the Rhodian

Attic weight.

standard (PL xxxi. 13-16)

B.C.

166-88.

KIllON

xcv

.

replaced by

Tetradrachm

KHIUN

xcv

.....

of Attic

Collection (PL xlv. 6)

weight in the Hunter .

Introduction of Asklepian types Restoration of

........

tlie

(Pi. xxxii. 1-5)

incuse square on

Initial letters of the ofiScinae of the

88-50.

Silver

coins

the drachms, &c.

B.c. 50.

Imperial times.

Augustus

(PL

“I

.

.

.

xcvi

xcvii

.

Bronze coins bearing portrait

of Augustus.

of the tyrant Hikias

mint

xcvi xcvi

without incuse square, and

bronze (PL xxxii. 7-12)

Time

xcv

xcv

Magistrates’ names perhaps those of the npoorTarat

B.c.

xciv

Tetradrachms of the Alexandrine type of

190-166.

Archaic form

xciii

Coins characterized by the Lysippean style

300-190.

xxxii. 13)

xcvii

.

Bronze coins ranging from the time of

to that of Philip.

Remarkable types

.

xcviii

G

CONl'ENrS,

XVll

PAGE Megiste

xcviii

........ .......... ....... ..........

Autonomous

silver

(PL xxxiv.

The

1-3)

island probably attached to

Nisyros

Autonomous 4th cent. Rliorles

d \j

and bronze coins of Rhodian types

silver

Lj^-cia

and bronze of the

.

6th and 5th century coinages

Coin-types B.c.

Tetradrachms xlv. 1);

Rhodus

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

260

.-

.

.

groups

three

into

falls

of light Attic wt., (ii.)

gis.

xlv. 2)

grs.)

(PL xxxvi.

Gold coinage of the 4th cent.

6,

7)

.

b.c.

.

Rh

)dian

c cii

cii

.

.

ciii

.

.

.

.

.

Later drachms, with head of Helios in profile

civ

.

civ

b.c.

CAU

.

Re-introduction of the incuse square in the 2nd cent.

cyi

.

......

Re-organization of Asia, and restoration of the

Alexandrine tetradrachm

Re-issue of gold Philippi in the 2nd cent.

Rhodes deprived

of her possessions on the

Monetary refoims

The Drachm 87-84.

War

after b.c.

raised in weight

Rhodes

b.c.

mainland

cix cix

.

faithful to

cv\i cviii

166

Rome

.

.

.

.

cx

during the Mithracxi

.

......

Restoration of the Peraea to Rhoilcs Latest

c

1

.

Classification of the various series of silver coins

datic

c

(i.)

;

(PL xxxvi.

Tetradrachms, &c., of the

Origin of the Rhodian standard

B.c.

xeix

Federal Tridrachms of Rliotlian vd.,

(iii.)

;

standard (240

b.c. 189.

xcviii

with Ephesus, SamObj fas us and Cnidus

in alliance

(PL

of

Coinage

408-333.

and

.

.

.

xenii xcviii

the

.........

Foundation

408.

latter half of

b.c.

Lindas, lalysus, and Camiriis

B.c.

after b.c. 10

Rhodian 0

silver coins

Valuations of the Rhodian drachm in

.

.

,

Roman money

Silver drachms superseded by large bronze coins

.

cxii cxii

cxii cxiii

\

XVIU

CONTENTS.

PAOE Indefinite use of the term

Date of the introduction

‘

of

Drachm

.

.

.

.

heavy hronze money

Policy of Rhodes during the

and Caesar

’

.

.

.

.

cxiv

cxv

war between Pompey

civil

..... ...... .

.

.

.

.

.

Capture of the city by Cassius B.c. 43.

His extortions

B.c. 42.

Pinal ruin of Rhodian commerce

....

Rhodian coinage under the Empire

.

.

,

........ ....... ....... ........ .......... ........

Magistrates in autonomous and Imperial times

.

.

Adjunct symbols

Final reduction of the Rhodian bronze coinage

Syme.

(See Syangela)

Telos.

Bronze coins of the 4th cent.

B.c.,

.

.

cxv cxvi cxvi cxvi

cxvi cxvi cxvii

cxvii cx^^i*

published by

Tmhoof-Blumer

cxviii

CATALOGUE OF COINS:— Caria

:

Alabanda Alinda

Amyzon

Antiochia ad Maeandrum Aphrodisias and Plarasa Aphrodisias

....

Aphrodisias with Ephesus

.

.

.

.... .

.

.

,

.

,

.

14

•

25

,

28

.

53

.

Astyra Attrrda

Bargasa

53

54 59

.

.

.

.

.

.

...

.

........ ........ ...... ........ .........

Bargylia

Caunus

13

.

.......

Aphrodisias with Antiochia

Apollonia Salbace

.

1

10

,

Ceramus

Chalcetor

(?)

C2

70 71

74 77 79

Chersonesus Cnidia

80

Cidramus

81

Cnidus

84

,

XIX

CONTENTS.

.... ..... .... ....

.

PAGE 98

Gordiuteichos

101

Euippe

.

Euronms Halicarnassus

..... ....

Harpasa

.

Heraclea Salbace

Hydisus

.

lasus

Tdyma Mylasa

.

.

,

•

.

Myndus

Heapolis

Myndiorum

112 113 116

122

.

...... ..... ...... ..... ..... ..... ..... ...... ..... ..... ..... .....

Hyllarinia

102 112

Halicarnassus with Samos Halicarnassus with Cos

99

(1)

Heapolis ad Harpasum

.

Orthosia

123

121 127 128

131 140 141 143

Plarasa (see Aphrodisias). Sebastopolis

146

Stratonicea

117

X*abae

160

Termera

176

Trapezopolis

177

Satraps of Caria

:

Hecatomnus

180

Mausolus

181

Hidrieus

Pixodarus

.

Islands of Caria Astypalaea

.

.

.

183

181

:

.

Calymna

186

188

Carpathos (Posidium)

192

Cos

193

Megiste

221

Hisyros

222

XX

U0XTENT3. 1’A(;E

Rluxles

:

Cauiirus

.

lalysiis

.

Liiulus

RhoJus

ArrENMJx

.

Alabamla

.

.

.

.

.

Aphrodifias and

Cnidus Cos

Rhodus

I.

.

.

.

.

.

.

........ ........ .

.

.

.

PJara.^^a

•

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

,

.

.

.

.

.

......... ........ ........ ......... .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

Geographical

ir.

Types

..... ......

nr. Symbols and Countermarks IV.

A.

Kings and Rulers

n. I\Iagistrate3’ c.

Karnes on Auionomous Coins

Magistrates’ Karnes on Imperial Coins

Kamos

.

.

.

....... ..... ......

V. Roman Magistrates’ Karnes VI. Engravers’

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

VII. Remarkable Inscriptions

223 226

228 230 271

271 271

272

272

272

275 277

293 297

298 308 317

317

318

Table for converting English Inches into Millimetres and the jMeasiires of Mionnet’s Scale

323

Tables of the Relative Weights of Englisli Grains and French

Grammes

324

LIST OF PLATES. I.

IT.

III.

Alabanda. Alabanda, Alinda.

Amy zoo,

Antiochia ad Macanduim.

Maeandmm.

Y.

Anfciocliia

Y.

Aphrodisias and Plarasa.

ad

YI.

Aphrodisias.

YII.

Aphrodisias.

Ylir.

Aphrodisias.

IX.

X. XI. XII.

Apollonia-Salbace. Astyra, Attuda.

Attuda, 13argasa, Bargylia.

Caunus, Ceramus.

XIII,

Chersonesus, Cidraraos, Cnidus.

XIY.

Cnidus.

XY.

Cnidus.

XVI. XYJI.

Cnidus. Euipp)e,

Euromus, Grordiuteichos.

XYIIL

Halicarnassus.

XIX. XX. XXI. XXII. XXIII.

Halicarnassus, Harpasa, Heraclea-Salbace.

Heraclea Salbace, Hydisus, Hyllarima. lasus,

Idyma, Mylasa,

Mylasa, Myndus.

Ncapolis

Myndiorum

(?),

Ncapolis ad Harpasum, Orihosia,

iSebastopolis, Stratonicea.

XXIY.

XXY. XXVI. XXVII.

Stratonicea.

Tabae. Tabae.

Termera, Trapezopolis.

I

XXI

LIST OF 1>LATES

XXVII XXIX.

r.

Satraps of Caria. Astypalaea, Calymna, Carpatlios.

XXX,—XXXIII. XXXIV.

XXXV, lalysus, XXXVI.—XLIIL XLIV.

XLV.

Cos.

Megiste, Xisyros, Camirus.

Caria.

Lindus.

Ehodus.

'

Alliance Coins.

.

Coins not in the British Museum,

^Fap of C.vriA; Ac.

TEOS

r

-SfDRAkHJS?

.A''-b

'NYSA

lERAPOLIS

ATTUDA ORTHQSI/i

lARPASi

'BAPteX'

GORQl

KPHRODISIA! p

PLARASAJ

s^MYZON

mETUS

ALINOj

lYDISUS

POUS

HtUARIMA BARGYLI

Nearthis also Neapoh'a Myndrorunr

SYANGELA

’CKMYNOy% TERMEI

tttSTYt^,

CNID NISYROS

PALAEA TELOS RHOOUS lALYSUS

CAMIRUS,

CHALCE

MIGISTE

^LINDUS

The Towns of Caria and are in

Red

Scale

B.VJiathiahir^ del. 1896.

the adjacent Islaiids

letters.

1

‘

1

000 000

(15*78

miles =lirvch)

\fagnevi. Debes' 6e«(Leipsic.

GEEEK COINAGE OF CAEIA AND THE ADJACENT ISLANDS. 1

§ I.

^

I

INTEODUCTION. — Geographical Limits op Caria. limits assigned to Caria in the present

volume

correspond with those which have been adopted by Prof.

W. M.

The geographical

Ramsay

work

in his recent

(Oxford^

1895)

Maeander

;

.

The Cities and Bishoprics of Phrygia,

The northern boundaiy

the course

is

the

of

the eastern that of its tributary stream the Gaprus^ the

north-eastern spurs of the Salbacus range^ and^ lastly, the river

Indus from

its

The towns

source to the sea.

of Trapezopolis^ Attuda,

and Cidramus^

the northern lower slopes of the Salbacus^ Oaria^

and not

Briula, &c.,

all

situate

on

are thus included in

in Phrygia^ while those of Tralles, Nysa, Mastaura,

which lay north of the Maeander,

will

be dealt with in

the volume describing the coinage of Lydia.

In Caria, properly so

called, that is to say in the inland districts,

there was no coinage whatever before Alexander’s conquest

on the

coast,

Cnidus

and

;

Astyra were the only mints before the commencement of the series of coins of the

and,

Chersonesus, Idyma, Termera, and

Hecatomnid dynasty.

In the Greek

fine

islands,

on the other hand, Calymna, Cos, Rhodes, &c., silver coins were in general use from very early times.

d

—

XXVI

INTRODUCTION.

Speaking generally,

it

may be

money did not

said that coined *

come

into

village

common

use as a

medium

of exchange in the

towns and

communities of Central Oaria until long after the age of

Alexander the Great,

The second century

Romans over Antiochus

the victory of the

b.c,,

from the date of

in b.c. 189,

marks the

beginning of a new state of things, and a rapid development of

commercial activity accompanied by the introduction of autonomous coinages at

all

the principal centres of population.

The quasi-regal

of Alexandrine tetradrachms and of imitations of the gold

issues

Philipp us were in the second and

first

by

centuries superseded

autonomous municipal silyer coinages, some of which,

e.g,

those

of Stratonicea, Tabae, &c., survived into early Imperial times.

As

a rule, however, the coinage, in Caria as elsewhere, from Augustus to Gallienus,

was

restricted to bronze.

For convenience of reference an alphabetical order has been followed in the Introduction as in the text, and under each city a

sketch

is

given of

its

numismatic history.

Numismatic History of the Greek and Carian

§ II.

Towns oe S.W. Asia Minor. Alabanda was an ancient Carian town,

by Kar, and named

said to have

after

been founded

Alabandos, his son, by

Kallirrhoe, daughter of Maeandros.

The name

thought by Steph, Byz.* to be the Carian equivalent of or

eiiiTTTTO^.t

*

situate

on the Marsyas about twenty miles south of

confluence with the Maeander at the

s.'v,

'AXaj3avSa,

X Steph.

iirnroviKo^

Another tradition makes Alabandos a son of Euippos.J

The town was its

is

Bj-z.,

l,€.

t

Cf. Cic.,

Nat,

dear,, 3, 15, 9.

Euippos was the eponymous hero of the Carian

EuiVttj?.

§ AYaddington,

modern ArahSissar,^

Mi??,, 40.

—

t

GREEK. AND CARIAN TOWNS.

No

coins appear to

been struck

Jaave

beginning of the second century 197.* the

Rome

allies of

In

B.c.

in

tlie

b.c.,

Alabanda before the

at

when

KXVU

it

is

mentioned among

V

of

war against Philip

same year Antiochus

this

Macedon^

after

circ,

haying made

himself master of Ephesus, proceeded to plant colonies in various •towns of Asia Minor, and in his honour these towns adopted for

name

a time the

•

Among them was

of Antioch.

which bore the name

of

doubtless Alabanda,

Antiochia for a short period between

197 and the defeat of Antiochus at the battle of Magnesia in

B.c.

B.c. 190.

For the tetradrachms

AAABANAEIIN,

of Alabanda, reading

struck immediately before the change of the name, see Mionnet, 305, nos. 4-7.

iii.,

Of these

earliest issues of

one specimen in the British

as yet but

Museum

Alabanda there

(p.

271, no.

is

They

1).

bear the names of the local magistrates (according to Babelon, Mel.,

i.,

AOTOZ, trius,

held

* Polyb.,

during the year in which

Demehave

to

the city first received its

ANTIOXEIIN.

coins reading

list

new

of magistrates*

||

xvi. 24.

t Babelon, Melanges Nzim., t This

last four,

and Menestheus, would seem

of Antiochia, for they re-appear in the

names on the

MENEKAHZ,

Of these magistrates, the

Isokrates, Menekles,

office

name

I

AHMHTPIOZ, [l]ZOKPATHZ,f

MENEZOEYZ.§

and

A OPEN HZ, MHNO-

p. 9, of the arparojyol iirl

name

is

misread

i.

7.

ZOKPAXHZ by Mionnet, and ZX2KPAXHZ by

Bubelon.

TIMOKAHZ, bnt although this name no sufficient evidence that occurs on coins reading ANTIOXEHN, there AEHN. AAABAN legend also occurs on coins with the §

Mionnet

also gives the

name

of

is

j|

is,

The

list

so far as I

it

of names on the coins of Alabanda with the ethnic

have been able

Tetradraclims

:

to

complete

it,

as follows

— APIISTEYS (Hunter, 26, no. IXOKPATHZ

(Wadd., Mil.,

p.

ii.,

pi.

i.

6),

ANTIOXEUfSl

:

1),

AHMSHTPIOX

(B.ib.,

2Iel„

i.,

p. 14),

—

;

INTRODUCTION.

XXVUl

The

ANTIOXEIIN

Alabanda reading

fact that the silver coins of

are at present more commonly met with than those reading

BANAEflN

AAA-

probably only due to chance.

is

After the defeat of Antiochus at the battle of Magnesia,

Alabanda resumed

name.

its original

The subsequent coinage

partly of Alexandrine tetra-

consists

draohms* bearing the dates

b.c. 190,

A — 31

(?)

and partly of

(1-15),

tri-

drachms, didrachms, and octobols, of the Ehodian Standard bearing the following dates L.

A

;

no

31 and l€

;

MeL,

110 grs. (Bab., p. 11)

and the legend

p. 12)

i.,

;

(yr. 15),

KA

AAABANAEflN lA

L, p. 12 )

177 grs. (Bab., Mel.y

(yr. 1),

(B. M., infra, p. 2)

i.,

(?)

tetradrachms, &c., are reckoned there

p. 3),

187*5 grs. (Bab., Mel,,

and

;

From what

(Im., Gr, M,, 661).

175‘4 grs.

113 grs. (B.M., infra,

(yr. 21),

date, 74*8 grs. (B. M., infra, p. 3)

riAMiJi7]

Gereli,

At

the neigh-

there was a spring of alkaline waters

(Athen., 43), and in connection with this spring

and with the Hieron

of the god a famous school of medicine (Strab., 580), located ap-

parently at Laodicea

The heads

of

1

3 miles distant. school in

this

Strabo^s time were Zeuxis and

Alexander Philalethes, whose names appear on coins of Laodicea of the reign of Augustus, If this establishment

upon the temple

of

was dependent

Men

* Ramsay,

(7.

t Ramsay,

Cities

Karon,

B. Bhr.^

and

(as

we may

it

seems to have been)

infer that

p. 167.

Bishojf^rics of Bhrygia^ p. 207.

among

the

AND CARIAN TOWNS.

GTtEEK

manifold aspects under which. of diseases

Xli

Men was worshipped

must be included.

that of a healer

The Cock and the Serpent, which

are elsewhere conspicuous among; the attributes of this god, also

point to a partial assimilation of

Men

to Asklepios

;

and the occur-

rence of Asklepios and Hygieia as coin-types at Attuda 22, 32)

some extent, confirmatory of

to

is,

god Men,

is

M^n was

It appears to

doubtful.

a genitive case) f

but

;

it

it

The

as here applied to the

be an indeclinable word (not

is suflSciently intelligible

a god worshipped by

Attuda, when

this hypothesis."^

KAPOV,

exact signification of the epithet

(nos. 3,

to

show that

Carians, and furthermore that

struck coins with the bust of

Meu

Karou, must

have been essentially a Oarian town.

Next

after

Men Karou

the types of the mother-goddesses Leto

and Kybele are especially noteworthy.

The temple

(coin of Sept. Severus, no. 29, PI. xi. 1)

may have been

of

Kybele chiefly

frequented by the families of Phrygian origin resident in the town.

The remaining

coin-types,

characteristic,

except

(PL

X, 12),

Attuda

which are numerous, are not especially

perhaps

that

of

Sabazios

on

horseback

concerning which see Ramsay (Ant, of 8* Fhryg,^^, 21). is

one of a small group of

cities

belonging, with one

exception (Laodicea) to north-eastern Caria, and occupying the

lower slopes of the Salbacus range of mountains, on the coins of

which the preposition of

eirL

before the

Std

name

more

oi*

less frequently takes the place

of the magistrate.

It is probable that this

indicates that the coins were issued at the expense of the official

whose name from

eVt,

it

which

precedes, is

and that

conveys a different meaning

merely the equivalent of a date.

question are Laodicea ad

* On

it

this subject see

W. H.

The towns

Lycum, Attuda, Cidramus, and Trapezo-

Roscher, jun. {Bericht. d. h. Sacks. Gesellsck. d,

Wissensck., 1891). •f

Le-Bas and Wadd., Inscr,

in

As. Min.,

p.

216.

f

INTRODUCTION.

xlii

At

polis.

Apollonia Salbace and at Tabae Sid in place of

but only exceptionally.

also occurs,

The only magistrates Menippos Tto9

whose

of Attuda

and the

Karminios Klaudianos

;

priestess 01. Plavia Arri,

The

Upeca in the reign of Sept, Severus.

are recorded are

titles

the time of Trajan

7ro\ea>9 in

Asiarch (Aurelius and Verus)

more

title,

uw A(f>poBLo-iecoVy at Aphrodisias.f

frequent, is also rare

and

in Ionia

of Eucarpia

;

we meet with

and Prymnessus

The title it

occurs

vlo^ TroXeco?

title

elsewhere on coins only at Ootiaeum in Phrygia, though similar

iirc

we have

tepeia^

on coins of

a

though

Smyrna

Concerning

in Phrygia.

an alliance coin of Attuda with Trapezopolis, see Trapezopolis,

The exact

site

Bargasa

of

order

BABGASA. places

it

is

still

as follows

is

Bdpyaaa

:

Strabo^s

doubtful.

elra

TroXt^via virep ^aXarr^;?,

mid-way between

conjecturally about

(656)

Kvihov Kipa/MoPA[Nn]P

Mon:

Eev. Bunch of grapes (Imh.

Gr.

p. 310).

HPflAHZ Eev, OEOrNIlTOZ

Bunch

bunches of grapes

Mon. Gr, 310.)

(IMion.,

iii.,

Caracallal site of

Oys

is

Two

p. 342). vi.,

by Cousin and Deschamps * with

identified

modern

the

Eev,

KAAAIKPATHZ (Mion. Suppl. p. 486). KAAAIKPATHZ Eev. Dionysos standing.

Faustina Jun.

Imperial.

The

of grapes (Imh,

GEYrNUTOZ?)

(or

village of Beli-Pouli,

in

moun-

the

CYS.

tainous country which separates the upper valleys of the Marsyas

reading KY, 525.

There

The name

and Harpasus,

KYITUN

KYI, ai*e

no specimens

For descriptions of the coins

and [KJYEITI2N see Hist. Num.y

Museum,

in the British

of the place in Steph. Byz. appears as Kvov, but the

inscriptions prove the correct form to have been Ki)?.

The exact

site of

Euippe, probably close to Alabanda,

not known.

by Steph. Byz.

called

It is

q.v.^

is

Arjpio^

EXTIPPE.

Kap[a