Central Asia according to political regime and ideologies.docx

Student: Nuriya Rashidova
Group: Ir-2b
Subject: Political science
Lecturer: Rouslan Jalil
Date: 23.10.16
Central Asia according to political regime and ideologies
The political regime, a set of forms and methods of the political power, which reflects the level of political freedom in society. (http://www.easttime.ru/countries/topics/?id=21&r=1&c n.d.)
Central Asia includes these five republics of the former Soviet Union: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
Kazakhstan - a secular democratic state. This is in line with its multi-religious, multi-ethnic and national values of the collectivist. Therefore, Kazakhstan preference may be given to the political ideology of the secular and democratic character. The Republic of Kazakhstan according to constitution of Kazakh Republic is a democratic, legal, unitary, secular republic hyper-republic in which the President is head of state and supreme commander. The executive power is vested in the Government headed by the Prime Minister. Legislative power is exercised by Parliament, composed of two chambers (Senate and Mazhilis), which operates on a permanent basis. The Senate is composed of deputies in the established constitutional law: two from each region, the city and the capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan (14 oblasts, 2 cities), as well as fifteen deputies of the Senate appointed by the President of the Republic, taking into account the need to ensure representation in the Senate of national-cultural and other important interests of society. Mazhilis consists of one hundred and seven deputies elected in the manner prescribed by constitutional law. A deputy of Parliament may not simultaneously be a member of both Chambers. The term of office of the Senate deputies - six years, the term of office of deputies of the Majilis - five years. Judicial power is exercised by the courts: the Supreme Court, provincial, military, municipal, district and specialized courts. (www.activeclub.com.ua)
Kazakhstan is a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the United Nations (UN), the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), the Coordination council of NATO, the NATO program "Partnership for Peace", the Economic Coordination Council and the World Trade Organization (WTO ). Kazakhstan also has observer status in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).
In a unitary Kyrgyz Republic, there is a single legislative and executive authority, a unified system of state bodies, a single constitution. At present, we have three main branches of governmental power - legislative, represented by the Jogorku Kenesh - the Parliament of the country, the judicial - in the face of the Constitutional and Supreme Courts and the executive, represented by the Cabinet of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. At the same time the supreme power in the country carries out the country's president. However, the management of regional and district branches of government claims directly, under the Constitution, the Prime Minister.
Modern political regime in Tajikistan has long been acquired almost all the features typical of the eastern authoritarianism: the boundless power of the head of state, the impotence of the parliament and the courts, nepotism, merging power and highly profitable business, deterring the development of civil society. In the election of the presidential candidate can be any citizen between the ages of 35 to 65 years, speaking the state language and has lived in the country for at least the last 10 years. The upper house of parliament, the Majlisi Milli (National Assembly) consists of 33 members; 25 of them elected by local bodies of representative power (5 deputies from each administrative-territorial unit), another 8 appointed by the president. Former head of state are meeting with their lifelong members of the agreement. The lower chamber, the Majlisi Namoyandagon (Assembly of Representatives) is composed of 63 deputies elected by direct and secret universal suffrage. Active right enjoyed by those who have reached 18 years of age, passive - over 25 years. Acts mixed, majority-proportional, election system. Two thirds of the deputies (41) are elected in single-member districts, the third place (22) allocated to political parties and movements in proportion to the votes received in the country. Parliamentary elections are held every 5 years.
Modern Turkmenistan, no doubt, is a rare exception to the practice of all states of the former Soviet Union. Established Niyazov's political regime is unique, as is clearly not like even geographically close to his authoritarian regimes in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, not to mention the soft Kyrgyzstan semiauthoritarian mode. www.woldculture.ru
That is the political regime of Turkmenistan can be reasonably attributed to the totalitarian according to the classification used is usually in the western political science. Totalitarianism of Turkmenistan in the third millennium incorporates, however, and many elements of the archaic despotic regimes, traditional countries of the East and of the new authoritarian regimes agrarian-industrial countries of the modern world. In many ways, the Turkmen version of totalitarianism rather like not so much to European counterparts, as the current North Korean regime. Therefore, the Turkmen version - is a special phenomenon, a fusion of different elements from different eras. However, the core of this regime is totalitarian acts beginning.
Uzbekistan - a unitary state. The political system of the Republic of Uzbekistan - a system of political, legal, administrative, economic and social relations, established the basic laws - "Declaration of Sovereignty of the Republic of Uzbekistan". The head of state is the president, popularly elected for a term of seven years. Also, the President is the Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of Uzbekistan. The Republic of Uzbekistan, which includes the Republic of Karakalpakstan - a sovereign democratic republic with a presidential form of government.







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