THAI JOURNAL OF BOTANY 6 (2): 125-130. 2014.
วารสารพฤกษศาสตรไทย 6 (2): 125-130. 2557.
Curcuma peramoena Souvann. & Maknoi (Zingiberaceae): a new species from Lao PDR KEOOUDONE SOUVANNAKHOUMMANE1 & CHARUN MAKNOI 2,* 1 2
Pha Tad Ke Botanical Garden, Ban Wat That, P.O. Box 959, Luang Prabang 06000, Lao PDR Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Mae Rim, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand
ABSTRACT. Curcuma peramoena Souvann. & Maknoi, a new species from north of Laos is described and illustrated here. KEYWORDS: Curcuma, Zingiberaceae, new species, Lao PDR
INTRODUCTION The genus Curcuma L. is one of the most widespread genera of the Zingiberaceae, occurring almost throughout tropical Asia from India, south China, SE Asia and Papua New Guinea to north Australia. Around 103 species of Zingiberaceae were reported in Flore Générale de L’Indo-Chine (Gagnepain, 1908). Among them, 17 species are Curcuma, of which eight species distributed in Laos. In a Checklist of the Vascular Plant of Lao PDR (Newman et al., 2007), 15 species of this genus were reported. In the recent years, many new species of Curcuma were described from Southeast Asia such as, C. pambrosima Škorničk. & N.S. Ly (LeongŠkorničková & Lý, 2010), C. bella Maknoi, K. Larsen & Sirirugsa (Maknoi et al., 2011), C. arracanensis W.J. Kress & V. Gowda (Gowda et al., 2012), C. leonidii Škorničk. & Lưu (Leong-Škorničková & Lưu, 2013),
* Corresponding author:
[email protected] Received: 19 September 2014 Accepted: 28 October 2014
C. newmanii Škorničk. and C. xanthella Škorničk. (Leong-Škorničková & Trần, 2013) and C. pygmaea Škorničk. & Šída f. (Leong-Škorničková et al., 2014). In May 2014, a team from Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, in collaborated with Pha Tad Ke Botanical Garden, conducted the field work in Laos to survey plant diversity. During field work, an unknown species of Curcuma was found in Nam Phouy National Protected Area in Xaignabouri. After careful examination, the authors found that an unknown Curcuma did not match with any known species and treated it as new species, described and illustrated below.
TAXONOMIC TREATMENT Curcuma peramoena Souvann. & Maknoi, sp. nov. Type: Lao PDR, Xaignabouri province, Phieng district, along the road from Nakhanyang to Vangkhamane village, Nam
126
Keooudone Souvannakhoummane & Charun Maknoi
Phouy National Protected Area, alt. ca. 323 m above sea level, 26 May 2014; P. Srisanga, M. Norsaengsri, W. La-ongsri, S. Suk-ieam, K. Phoutthavong & K. Souvannakhoummane L2-294 (holotype QBG!; isotypes HNL!, Pha Tad Ke Botanical Garden Herbarium!). Figs. 1 & 2. Rhizomatous perennial herb up to 35 cm tall. Rhizome ovoid, ca. 1.5-2×0.6-1.2 cm, branches ca. 2-4 mm in diameter, light yellow internal, slightly aromatic. Leaves 2-3; sheathing bracts ca. 2, oblong, 3.512×1-1.5 cm, puberulent, dark brown to red; leaf sheaths green, puberulent; ligule bilobed, 2-5 mm long, ca. 2-4 mm wide, translucent greenish white, puberulent; petiole ca.10-17 cm long, canaliculate, green, glabrous; lamina narrowly elliptic to ellipticovate, ca. 15-19×5-8 cm, indistinct plicate, adaxially bright green, abaxially pale green, base cuneate to attenuate, sometimes oblique, apex acute, pubescent on abaxially surface. Inflorescence terminal, 1-2 flowers open at the same time; peduncle 4-6 cm long, up to 0.7 cm in diameter, creamy white; spike 4-7 cm long, ca. 2-4 cm in diameter; cincinnus of 1-3 flowers; fertile bracts 5-15, ovate, 2-5×1-3 cm, light brown to red at base to light green at apex, both sides glabrous, connate in the lower 1/4; coma bract absent; bracteoles absent. Flowers 2-4 cm long, a little bit exerted; calyx up to 15 mm long, 3-toothed, unilaterally split ca. 6-8 mm, translucent white, sparsely hairy or glabrous; corolla tube ca. 2-3.5 cm long, white, external densely puberulent, internal sparsely puberulent; dorsal corolla lobe triangular ovate-lancolate, concave, ca. 12-17×4-7 mm,
margin rolled inwards, glabrous, outside white-pink on lower half gradually turning red upwards, inside pale pink to white, apex mucronate, mucro ca. 1 mm long; lateral corolla lobes triangular ovate-lanceolate, ca. 10-14×3-6 mm, margin rolled inwards, concave, glabrous, outside pinkish white at base, reddish toward the apex, inside pink to white, apex round, shallow hook-like; lateral staminodes ovate-rhomboid, 12-15×8-10 mm, 2-4 mm broad at base, white with dark purple spots at base, sparsely short glandular hairs inside; labellum diamond shaped, 15-18×12-14 mm, apex emarginate with an incision up to 6 mm long, white with yellow patch in center and red spots at base. Stamens ca. 12-15 mm long, densely covered with short glandular hairs; filaments 6-8 mm long, white with red tinge towards base, ca. 2-3 mm broad at base, ca. 1.5 mm broad at apex; anthers 8-10 mm long, connective pale yellow to white, anther spurs ca. 2.5 mm long, conical with sharp tips, pointing outwards, anther crest thin, rounded, ca. 1 mm long, white; thecae ca. 9 mm. Epigynous glands 2, ca. 1-2×0.2-0.4 mm, creamy white; style thin, white, glabrous; stigma ca. 1×0.8 mm, white, ostiole glabrous, facing upwards. Ovary 2-3×1.5-2 mm, densely puberulent. Fruits and seeds not seen. Distribution.— This species is so far known only from the type location in Nam Phouy National Protected Area, Xaignabouri. Ecology.— This species grows in bamboo-associated deciduous forest, in sandy clay loam soil area. Curcuma parviflora and Boesenbergia rotunda were found in the same area.
Curcuma peramoena Souvann. & Maknoi (Zingiberaceae): a new species ݦrom Lao PDR Etymology.— The specific epithet, peramoena, refers to its very beautiful flowers. Phenology.— Flowering from late May to June, blooming time in the afternoon. Vernacular name.— ຫ ວ ້ າ ນ ຫົວ ນ ້ ອ ຍ (Wan Houa Noi). Notes.— This species belongs to subgenus Ecomata Škorničk. & Šída f. (Záveská et al., 2012) because of the following characters: lack of coma bract, open flower, presence of epigynous glands and conical anther spur. Curcuma peramoena
127
is similar to C. rhomba Mood & K. Larsen (Mood & Larsen, 2001) in several characters but differs by having smaller plant and flower, indistinct plicate leaves, pubescent on lower surface of lamina, base cuneate; outside white-pink on lower half gradually turning red upwards, inside pale pink to white of dorsal corolla lobe; white with dark purple spots at base of lateral staminodes; white with yellow patch in center and red spots at base of labellum and longer anther spur (Table 1).
FIGURE 1. Flower of Curcuma peramoena Souvann. & Maknoi, from P. Srisanga et al. L2-294. Photo by Kitthisack Phoutthavong.
128
Keooudone Souvannakhoummane & Charun Maknoi
F
D
E H
G
K
L
I
J
B
C
A
FIGURE 2. Curcuma peramoena Souvann. & Maknoi: A. habit; B. rhizome with inflorescence; C. bract; D. flower lateral view; E. flower front view; F. calyx tube and detail calyx lobe; G. lateral corolla lobe; H. dorsal corolla lobe; I. staminodes; J. labellum; K. floral tube and anther lateral view; L. anthers front view (Scale bars A=5 cm; B, C=2 cm; D, E, G, H, I, J, K, L=1 cm; F=1.4 cm). Line drawing by K. Souvannakhoummane from P. Srisanga et al. L2-294.
Curcuma peramoena Souvann. & Maknoi (Zingiberaceae): a new species ݦrom Lao PDR
129
TABLE 1. Characters comparison of Curcuma peramoena and C. rhomba Characters
C. peramoena
C. rhomba
Whole plant Lamina
up to 35 cm tall 15-19×5-8 cm, puberulent on lower surface bilobed, ca. 2-5 mm long, ca. 2-4 mm wide absent outside white-pink gradually turning red upwards, inside pale pink to white ovate-rhomboid, white with dark purple spots at base 15-18×12-14 mm, white with yellow patch at center and red spot at base ca. 2.5 mm long 1-2 mm long
ca. 80 to 120 cm tall 29-46×9-18.3 cm, glabrous on both surfaces bilobed, ca. 17 mm long, ca. 17 mm wide absent outside dark red, inside yellow
Ligule Bracteole Corolla lobes Staminodes Labellum Anther spur Epigynous glands
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are very grateful to Dr. Prachaya Srisanga, Dr. Monthon Norsaengsri, Dr. Woranuch La-ongsri, Mr. Somkhuan Suk-ieam, Mr. Wittaya Pongamornkul and Mr. Pichai Yadee of Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden and Mr. Kitthisack Phoutthavong from Pha Tad Ke Botanical Garden for their assist in field work. Thanks also to the Botanical Garden Organization, Thailand and Pha Tad Ke Botanical Garden, Laos, for financial support.
REFERENCES Gagnepain, F. 1908. Zingibéracées. In: Flore Générale de L’Indo-Chine. M.H. Lecomte, (Ed.), Vol. 6, pp. 57-70. Masson et C ie Éditeurs, Paris. Gowda, V., Kress, W.J. & Htun, T. 2012. Two new species of Gingers (Zingiberaceae) from Myanmar. Phyto Keys 13: 5-14.
rhomboid with sharp angle, pale orange with dark red dotted 17×9 mm, lower half orange, upper half yellow ca. 1 mm long ca. 9 mm long
Leong-Škorničková, J. & Lưu, H.T. 2013. Curcuma leonidii, a new species from southern Vietnam. Phytotaxa 126(1): 37-42. Leong-Škorničková, J. & Lý, N.S. 2010. Curcuma pambrosima sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae) from central Vietnam. Nordic Journal of Botany 28(6): 652-655. Leong-Škorničková, J. & Trân, H.D. 2013. Two new species of Curcuma subgen. Ecomata (Zingiberaceae) from southern Vietnam. Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 65(2): 169-180. Leong-Škorničková, J., Šída, O. & Trân, H.D. 2014. Curcuma pygmaea sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae) from Vietnam and notes on two related species C. parviflora and C. thorelii. Nordic Journal of Botany 2(1): 119-127. Maknoi, C., Sirirugsa, P. & Larsen, K. 2011. Curcuma bella (Zingiberaceae), a new species from Thailand. Thai Journal of Botany 3(2): 121-124.
130
Keooudone Souvannakhoummane & Charun Maknoi
Mood, J. & Larsen, K. 2001. New Curcumas from South East Asia. New Plantsman 8: 207-217. Newman, M., Kethanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstong, K. 2007. A Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Lao PDR. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. Sisawath Printers, Vientiane, Lao PDR.
Záveská, E., Fér, T., Šída, O., Krak, K., Marhold, K. & Leong-Škorničková, J. 2012. Phylogeny of Curcuma (Zingiberaceae) based on plastid and nuclear sequences: Proposal of the new subgenus Ecomata. Taxon 61(4): 747-763.
