DENSITY BASED TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM

DENSITY BASED TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION In the present scenario, the vehicle problem is increasing and Traffic congestion is a severe problem in many modern cities all over the world. To overcome the problem, we have come up with an exclusive idea for a dynamic and automatic traffic light control expert system. Traffic research has the goal to optimize traffic flow, as the roads have become overloaded with increasing number of vehicles and resources are limited. However, still there are some limitations in existing traffic control which are not environmental and economical. There are several models which give solutions for traffic simulation. In our research, we have focused on optimization of traffic light controller in a city using Infrared Sensors & Microcontroller.

OBJECTIVES 

CHANGING DELAY TIME OF SIGNAL IN ACCORDANCE WITH DENSITY OF TRAFFIC

This project is all about controlling the traffic lights. Basically, it uses the density of traffic at every lane in order to change the Delay time (the time for which green light is ON) of the respective signal. With the help of IR sensors, we calculate the Vacant time (the time for which the lane is empty or in other words the sensor senses no motion). If the Vacant time is greater than a specific value we reduce our Delay time, while if the Vacant time calculated is below a specific value we increase our vacant time. By default, Delay time of each signal is 20sec. The upper and lower limits of delay time are 40sec. & 5sec. respectively.

 CHECKING SIGNAL BREAK With the help of Infrared sensors, we keep a check on traffic. If a vehicle crosses the signal before green light turns ON the sensor senses the motion turns the ‘BUZZER’ on, which can be of great help for Traffic Police to regulate the traffic.

 GIVING PRIORITY TO AMBULANCES AND FIRE BRIGADES Here, our aim is to give priority to Ambulances and Fire Brigades. By giving “Priority” our goal is to turn the green lights on whenever and wherever an Ambulance or a Fire Brigade arrives for a certain amount of time. For doing so we place an IR sensor on a vertical support at the centre of crossroads of certain height, and a similar IR sensor on the Ambulance so that they lie on the same line of sight. By doing so we increase the range of sensors and whenever one sensor senses the other green light for that lane is turned on.

COMPONENTS USED       

MICROCONTROLLER- PIC16F72 IC74LS139 - 2:4 DECODER IC74LS00 - NAND IC74LS08 - AND IC74LS04 - INVERTOR LEDs (GREEN, YELLOW, RED) INFRARED SENSORS

BLOCK DIAGRAM

SIGNAL

BREAK

MAIN CIRCUIT

MICROCONTROLLER

TRAFFIC LIGHTS

SENSOR

Circuit SCHEMATIC: IR’s WITH PIC16F72 -

USE OF 74LS139 AS A DECODER

YELLOW LIGHT

RED LIGHT

GREEN LIGHT

------------------------**************------------------------

APPLICATIONS To control the traffic in metropolitan cities.

LIMITATIONS  IR sensors work only for fewer distances.  We have to arrange IR sensors in accurate manner otherwise they may not detect the traffic density.

CONCLUSION The aim behind this system or proposal is to minimize the traffic density by making use of IR sensors which are there on the four roads, the output received by the sensors will be sent to micro-controller. The microcontroller is the brain of our project which calculates the delay time, find the level of traffic and takes decision accordingly as programmed by the programmer.

A Project by – Sangamesh Kotalwar Ganesh Singh Divya Chadha Moksh Talreja