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Description of a new species of Typhlodromus Scheuten (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from house dust from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil NOELI JUAREZ FERLA, GUILHERME LIBERATO DA SILVA & JOSEANE MOREIRA DO NASCIMENTO Laboratório de Acarologia, Museu de Ciências Naturais, UNIVATES - Centro Universitário, 95900-000 Lajeado, RS, Brazil. E-mail:
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Abstract Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) sabelisi n. sp., a member of the rhenanus species group, is described from the State of Rio Grande do Sul, in southern Brazil, based on specimens collected from house dust removed from a curtain using a vacuum cleaner. So far, only Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) ornatus (Denmark & Muma, 1973) and T. (A.) transvaalensis (Nesbitt, 1951) have been reported from the State of Rio Grande do Sul. A key to the species of Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) De Leon reported in Brazil is provided. Key words: dust mite; predatory mite; taxonomy; Typhlodrominae
Introduction Phytoseiidae is one of the most extensively studied mite families in the world. Phytoseiids are predators of spider mites and other small mites and insects on plants. Some species also feed on nematodes, fungal spores, pollen and exudates from plants (McMurtry & Croft, 1997), but rarely plant tissue (Magalhães & Bakker, 2002; Sengonca et al., 2004). Several species are of great importance in applied biological control of spider mites and thrips in greenhouse crop production (Zhang, 2003) and orchards (Moraes et al., 2004). Little information is available about this group from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in southern Brazil. Until now, only Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) ornatus (Denmark & Muma, 1973) and Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) transvaalensis (Nesbitt, 1951) have been reported in from that state (Ferla & Moraes, 2002; Ferla et al., 2007, 2011). Given the importance of this state in agricultural production in Brazil, an effort has recently been dedicated to determining the phytoseiid species on the main crops and on wild plants growing around agricultural areas of the state. Four species have been recently described from that state (Ferla & Silva, 2008, 2009, 2011; Ferla et al., 2010). The aim of this paper is to present the description of a new phytoseiid species of the Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) rhenanus species group of Chant & McMurtry (1994) and to provide a key for the separation of the species of Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) reported from Brazil.
Material and methods Dust samples were taken from curtains of a home surrounded by natural vegetation at Encantado, State of Rio Grande do Sul, using a commercial vacuum cleaner. The dust was examined under a stereomicroscope and mites were collected and mounted in Hoyer's medium for identification under a phase contrast microscope. Illustrations of the specimens collected were done with a Camera Lucida and the software Corel Draw X5. Setal nomenclature is that of Lindquist & Evans (1965) as applied to the Phytoseiidae by Rowell et al. (1978) and Chant & Yoshida-Shaul (1992), for the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the idiosoma, respectively. Average measurements and the corresponding ranges are given in micrometres.
84 Accepted by R.B. Halliday: 3 Sep. 2012; published: 5 Oct. 2012
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Results In total, four adult females and one adult male were collected. They were identified as belonging to the genus Typhlodromus Scheuten by the presence of setae z3 and s6 on the podonotum, setae S2, S4 and S5 on the opisthonotum, and the presence of seta JV4. Setae Z1 is absent in this genus (Chant & McMurtry, 2007). The specimens were identified as belonging to subgenus Anthoseius De Leon sensu Chant & McMurtry (1994) by the presence of seta S5 and dorsal setal patterns 12A:8A. They were found to belong to a new species, which is described below. Chant & McMurtry (1994) recognised nine species groups in the subgenus Anthoseius. The new species belongs to the rhenanus group because setae r3 and R1 are inserted on the lateral integument of the adult female, setae on the dorsal shield in the z-Z and s-S series are shorter than the distances between their bases, and the female ventrianal shield is pentagonal in shape.
Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) sabelisi n. sp. (Figs 1–6) Type material. Holotype female, Encantado, Rio Grande do Sul, from dust curtain in a wooden home surrounded by natural vegetation at Encantado, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 18 May 2010, coll. J. Nascimento. Paratypes: one female, one male, same data as holotype; two females, same data as holotype except 24 October 2010. All specimens are deposited at Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba-SP, Brazil. ADULT FEMALE (n = 4). When alive, yellowish in colour; idiosomal setal pattern from Chant & YoshidaShaul (1992): 12A:8B/JV: ZV. Dorsum (Fig. 1). Dorsal shield mostly reticulate, 373 (363–383) long, 188 (178–200) wide; apparently with five pairs of lyrifissures; seta j1 28 (25–30), j3 35 (30–38), j4 21 (20–23), j5 23 (18–25), j6 24 (23–25), J2 28 (23–30), J5 8, z2 23 (18–25), z3 31 (25–35), z4 30 (25–35), z5 21 (18–23), Z4 48 (43–53), Z5 58 (58–60), s4 34 (30–38), s6 36 (35–38), S2 40 (35–43), S4 43 (38–45), S5 23 (18–25), r3 33 (30–35), R1 31 (28–35). Setae setiform and smooth. Setae r3 and R1 on interscutal membrane. Peritreme extending forward to level of j3. Venter (Fig. 2). Sternal shield smooth, with few anterolateral striae, two pairs of setae, St1 and St2, and two pairs of lyrifissures; third pair of sternal setae St3 on separate platelets; distances between St1-St3 75, St2-St2 63 (62–65). Genital shield with a few medial striae anterior to setae St5; distance between St5-St5 69 (65–73). Ventrianal shield smooth; nearly pentagonal, with lateral margins slightly convex, 117 (115–120) long, 105 (100–110) wide at level of ZV2 and 83 (80–88) at level of anus; with three pairs of preanal setae. Opisthogastric cuticle with two pairs of slender metapodal shields. Spermatheca (Fig. 3). Calyx bell-shaped, 18 long and11 in diameter at junction with vesicle. Cervix nodular. Legs (Fig. 4). No macrosetae on legs I, II and III. Macrosetae of leg IV setaceous, smooth, of the following lengths: Sg IV 34 (30–38), Sti IV 33 (30–35), St IV 54 (50–58). Chaetotaxy of genu II 2 2/0, 2/0 1; genu III 1 2/1, 2/0 1. Chelicera (Fig. 5). Fixed digit 41 (35–50) long, with three teeth, all distal to pilus dentilis; movable digit 38 (33–45) long, with one subapical tooth. ADULT MALE. (n=1). Colour in life, as in female. Idiosomal setal pattern: 12A:8B/JV:ZV. Dorsum. Dorsal shield mostly reticulate, 300 long, 170 wide, apparently with five pairs of lyrifissures; seta j1 20, j3 30, j4 15, j5 20, j6 20, J2 18, J5 broken, z2 20, z3 15, z4 20, z5 15, Z4 40, Z5 48, s4 25, s6 28, S2 30, S4 25, S5 15, r3 20, R1 18. All setae setiform and smooth. Setae r3 and R1 on dorsal shield. Peritreme extending forward to level of j3. Venter (Fig. 6). Distance between setae St1-St5 123.Ventrianal shield sub triangular, with slight reticulation, 120 long, 155 wide at anterior corners, with four pairs of preanal setae. Chelicera. Fixed digit 24 long, with three teeth; movable digit 22 long, with one tooth. Spermatodactyl 30 long. Leg. No macrosetae on legs I, II and III. Macrosetae of leg IV setaceous, lengths: Sg IV 25, Sti IV 25, St IV 40. Chaetotaxy as in female. Etymology. The new species is named after Maurice W. Sabelis, eminent acarologist of the Netherlands.
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FIGURES 1–6. Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) sabelisi n. sp. 1. Female, dorsal shield; 2. Female, ventral idiosoma; 3. Female, spermatheca; 5. Female, chelicera; 6. male, ventrianal shield.
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Notes. This new species differs from Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) wonkooi Ryu & Ehara, 1992 by having St3 on separate platelets, and most dorsal shield setae as well as macrosetae of genu, tibia and basitarsus IV longer. T. (A.) wonkooi further differs from the new species by having four teeth on the fixed digit, and the ventrianal shield reticulate and with a constriction at level of JV2. The cervix of the spermatheca in the new species is nodular is shape but in T. woonkoi it is not. The new species differs from T. (A.) aestivalis Athias-Henriot, 1960 by having macrosetae on leg IV not knobbed, setae on the dorsal shield longer, and the spermatheca not conic in shape. It differs from T. (A.) foenilis Oudemans, 1930 by having dorsal setae longer, especially Z4 and Z5, spermatheca not campaniform and dorsal shield reticulated throughout. It differs from T. (A.) shibai Ehara, 1981 by having Z5 longer and not serrated, the fixed digit with three teeth, macrosetae on basitarsus IV longer and not knobbed, and pores absent on the metasternal platelets, the region j1-j4 highly reticulated, spermatheca without a slender and subcylindrical cervix, and without lyrifissures on the interscutal membrane in the ventrianal shield region. In the electronic polytomous key to species of the sub-genus Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) (Hernandes et al., 2012) of the world, T. (A.) sabelisi resembles Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) evectus (Schuster, 1966), but differs by having setae j3, S4, r3 and macrosetae of basitarsus IV longer, Z4 and Z5 not serrated, dorsal shield quite reticulated, metasternal platelets present, ventrianal shield without pores, and peritreme extending until j3 level. Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) sabelisi was collected on house dust on curtains, together with high populations of Blomia tropicalis (Bronswijck et al., 1973) (Echimyopodidae) and Tarsonemus sp. (Tarsonemidae). Blomia tropicalis is an important source of allergens in the tropics and subtropics, and Tarsonemus is a house dust fungalfeeder (Colloff, 2009). The presence of this predator in this hostile habitat may be associated with it feeding on B. tropicalis and Tarsonemus sp. This is the first record of Phytoseiidae associated with house dust (Colloff, 2009), and phytoseiids are most commonly found on plants (Moraes et al., 2004). Near the windows where T. sabelisi was collected there is a native forest from which the specimens must have originated. We searched nearby plants and did not find any specimens.During the collecting period, shrubs and flowers were not kept inside the house.
Key for separation of Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) species reported from Brazil Based on the reports by Moraes et al. (2004), Lofego & Feres (2006), Johann et al. (2009), Lofego et al. (2009) and Ferla et al. (2011). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. -
Setae S4 and JV4 absent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. (A.) demoraesi Lofego & Feres, 2007 Setae S4 and JV4 present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Setae JV3 absent; most setae on dorsal shield long, knobbed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .T. (A.) transvaalensis (Nesbitt, 1951) Setae JV3 present; dorsal shield setae short, most of similar lengths, except for Z4 and/ or Z5, markedly longer than other setae; at most Z4 knobbed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Macroseta present only on tarsus IV, knobbed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Macrosetae present on genu, tibia and tarsus IV, knobbed or not . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Setae Z4 and Z5 serrated, Z4 knobbed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. (A.) neobakeri Prasad, 1968 Setae Z4 and Z5 serrated and not knobbed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. (A.) paraevectus Moraes & McMurtry, 1983. Macrosetae on genu, tibia and tarsus IV not knobbed; calyx of spermatheca bell-shaped; cervix nodular; seta Z5 smooth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. (A.) sabelisi n. sp. Macrosetae on genu, tibia and tarsus IV knobbed; calyx of spermatheca slightly vesicular seta Z5 strongly serrate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. (A.) ornatus (Denmark & Muma, 1973)
Acknowledgement We thank G. J. de Moraes for the comments and suggestions on a previous version of this manuscript, and the referees of Zootaxa for their constructive comments
References Chant, D.A. & Yoshida-Shaul, E. (1992) Adult idiosomal setal patterns in the family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Gamasida). International Journal of Acarology, 18, 177–193. Chant, D.A. & McMurtry, J.A. (1994) A review of the subfamilies Phytoseiinae and Typhlodrominae (Acari: Phytoseiidae).
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TERMS OF USE This pdf is provided by Magnolia Press for private/research use. Commercial sale or deposition in a public library or website is prohibited. International Journal of Acarology, 20, 223–310. Chant, D.A. & McMurtry, J.A. (2007) Illustrated Keys and Diagnosis for the Genera and Subgenera of the Phytoseiidae of the World (Acari: Mesostigmata). Indira Publishing House, Michigan, 220 p. Colloff, M.J. (2009) Dust Mites. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia, xvi+583 p. Ferla, N.J. & de Moraes, G.J. (2002) Ácaros predadores (Acari) em plantas nativas e cultivadas do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 19, 1011–1031. Ferla, N.J. & Silva, G.L. (2008) New species of Transeius Chant & McMurtry (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from Brazil. International Journal of Acarology, 34, 143–146. Ferla, N.J. & Silva, G.L. (2009) A new species of Amblyseius Berlese (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 53, 509–510. Ferla, N.J. & Silva, G.L. (2011) Description of a new species of Iphiseiodes De Leon (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on Ilex paraguariensis (Aqüifoliaceae) from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. International Journal of Acarology, 37, 106–109. Ferla, N.J., Marchetti, M.M. & Gonçalves, D. (2007) Ácaros predadores (Acari) associados à cultura do morango (Fragaria sp., Rosaceae) e plantas próximas no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Biota Neotropica, 7, 1–8. Ferla, N.J., da Silva, G.L. & de Moraes, G.J. (2010) Description of a new species of Arrenoseius Wainstein (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from Brazil and complementary redescription of a similar species from Argentina. International Journal of Acarology, 36, 15–19. Ferla, N.J., Johann, L., Klock, C., Majolo, F. & Botton, M. (2011) Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from vineyards in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Zootaxa, 2976, 15–31. Hernandes, A.F., Kreiter, S. & Tixier, M.-S. (2012). The first electronic polytomous key to the world species of the subgenus Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) De Leon (Acari: Phytoseiidae). http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/phytoseiidae/ anthoseiuskeypresentation.html (date of access 19 August 2012). Johann, L., Klock, C.L., Ferla, N.J. & Botton, M. (2009) Acarofauna (Acari) associada à videira (Vitis vinifera L.) no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Biociências, 17, 1–19. Lindquist, E.E. & Evans, G.O. (1965) Taxonomic concepts in the Ascidae, with a modified setal nomenclature for the idiosoma of the Gamasina (Acarina:Mesostigmata). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 47, 1–64. Lofego, A.C. & Feres, R.J.F. (2006) A new species of Typhlodromus Scheuten (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 1221, 25–28. Lofego, A.C., Demite, P.R., Kishmoto, R.G. & de Moraes, G.J. (2009) Phytoseiid mites on grasses in Brazil (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Zootaxa, 2240, 41–59. Magalhães, S. & Bakker, F.M. (2002) Plant feeding by a predatory mite inhabiting cassava. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 27, 27–37. McMurtry, J.A. & Croft, A.B. (1997) Life-styles of Phytoseiidae mites and their roles in biological control. Annual Review of Entomology, 42, 291–321. Moraes, G.J. de; McMurtry, J.A.; Denmark, H.A. & Campos C.B. (2004) A revised catalog of the mites family Phytoseiidae. Zootaxa, 434, 1–494. Rowell, H.J., Chant, D.A & Hansell, R.I.C. (1978) The determination of setal homologies and setal patterns on the dorsal shield in the family Phytoseiidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata). The Canadian Entomologist, 110, 859–876. Sengonca, C., Khan, I.A. & Blaeser, P. (2004) The predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri (Acari: Phytoseiidae) causes feeding scars on leaves and fruits of apple. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 33, 45–53. Zhang, Z.-Q. (2003) Mites of Greenhouses: Identification, Biology and Control. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, xii + 244 p.
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