Diploma 3 305

Michael James Diploma 3 Assignment 305
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Question TC 1.1
Describe person-centred approaches.

Person-centred approach means; putting the person being cared and supported at the centre of the service and not the needs or challenges they may have at the centre of the care.

It is ensuring the service users whom we support are always informed, involved and included in every decision and aspect of their care and support.

The person-centred approach is the value system of learning through shared action and finding creative solutions to problems rather than fitting people into boxes which are convenient to the staff and it is about problem solving and working together over time to create change in the person's life, in the community and in organisations.

Person-centred approach provides the support workers with the necessary values to find out what is important to the service user they are supporting and enables the services, activities and needs to be built around the service user not trying to get the service user to meet the needs of a company policy or procedure.

Question DIP 1.1 / TC 1.2 / TC 1.3
Explain how and why person-centred values should influence all aspects of social care.

A person-centred approach should influence all aspects of social care because;
It meets the requirements of the service user where they need it.
It provides the best possible quality of support and care.
It ensures the highest quality of life for the service user
It shows respect and give dignity to the service user.
It extends to the service user the type of care we would like to experience if we were in the service user's situation.
The person-centred approach must also take into consideration the values and beliefs of the service user and must influence all aspects of social care work as it this approach which enables the service user to enjoy the highest independent life they can live as a vulnerable adult.

As-far-as it is possible, person-centred approach must include:
The rights of the service users to be respected
The privacy of the service user to be protected
Individuality and the individual choices the service user to be listened to and implemented
Treating the service user as an individual with dignity and respect
Seeing the individual as a whole person, not just trying to meet one aspect of their needs
Listening and helping the individual to make informed choices
Working in partnership with the individual to provide independence

Question TC 2.1
Explain how finding out the history, preferences, wishes and needs of an individual contributes to their care plan.

Any care plan must reflect the service user's history needs, wishes and preferences. The history, preferences, wishes and needs of a service user are best known and understood by the service user themselves.

This is why it is important to ensure the service user is included in all aspects of the setting up and maintaining of a care plan. I must ensure that I am listening to the service user to help me grasp a complete picture of the service user and not just a professional appraisal of the service user's needs.

It is important to find out about the service user so I can learn more about the personality and understand them better in the future. This enables me to respond professionally and appropriately in all circumstances by seeing situations from the service user's point of view, this could be by listening to them and helping them deal with issues the way that they want.

It is also important to monitor the service user's changing requirements and preferences because this indentifies the most important services which need providing and what is needed to achieve them.

Question TC 2.2
Describe ways to put person-centred values into practice in a complex or sensitive situation.

Putting person-centred values to practice in complex or sensitive situations is very dependent on the circumstance. These may include having to deal with service users who are in distressing or traumatic situations
threatening or frightening
likely to have serious
implications or
consequences
of a personal nature
involving complex
communication or cognitive
needs


It is important to do this as person centred approaches, policies and procedures, as well as care practices should always put the people whom we support at the centre of the day-to-day activities, as well as including the residents and their families in the planning and maintaining of this. 
All person centred approaches for every person we support as care professionals, should have eight values, and these are:
1. INDIVIDUALITY – realising and understanding the uniqueness of every person I support. 
2. RIGHTS – always endeavouring to make sure all the rights of those I support are upheld e.g. Human Rights Act. 
3. CHOICE – endeavouring to maintain the service user's rights to choice. As well as maintaining their choices and making sure these choices are upheld in their care plans. 
4. PRIVACY – maintaining the service user's rights to privacy. I would do this by making sure they are not intruded upon by other service users, staff, relatives and friends. 
5. INDEPENDENCE – always making sure that as a care professional I empower the service users to achieve


Question DIP 1.2 / TC 2.3
Evaluate the use of care plans in applying person-centred values.

Person centred planning is a way of helping people to think about
what they want now and in the future. It is about supporting people
to plan their lives, work towards their goals and get the right
support. Person
centred planning, then, demands that you see the person whom you
are supporting as the central concern. It means that we need to find
ways to make care and support individual, not 'one size fits all'. It
means that the relationship moves from being one of carer and
cared for towards one based on a partnership: you become a
resource to the person who needs support.
A care plan sets out in some detail the daily
care and support that has been agreed
should be provided to an individual. If you
are employed as a carer, it acts as a guide to
you in terms of what sorts of activities are
expected of you. It does not stand still, of
course. There will be regular reviews, and the
individual and you should be involved in
discussion about how it is working and whether parts need
changing.

Care Plans are the primary source of Patient information. Every specialty, PT/OT/Nursing etc. do an evaluation of the individual and formulate a program of goals for the patient to attain, therapies needed, schedule of goal levels, etc. Each person interacting with the patient can refer to the care plan for any information needed. Done properly, the care plan reflects a total person and how to best help them fulfill the goals.

A Care Plan may be known by
other names (eg: support plan,
individual plan). It is the
document where day to day
requirements and preferences
for care and support are
detailed.

health needs or
preferences i.e. health,
abilities, mobility, diet,
personal hygiene
social needs or preferences
i.e. activities, relationships
environmental needs or
preferences i.e. aids and
adaptations,
accommodation
changes in family and
relationships.
The person centred plan is a plan that focuses on the person as it states although every plan i have ever been involved with has always been person centred so i think the term worries people and that they may feel a 'person centred plan' is somehow different for any other care plan, it isnt.

What is different i believe is the reviewing of the plan, 6 months in some cases which i think is far too long as a person will develop and evolve within a service far quicker than that. I think these plans should be reviewed monthly and updated with information that is gathered WEEKLY concerning changes good or bad, the support team will have differing degrees of input into an SUs life and the team knows the SU best so they should be listened too and their ideas acted upon if appropriate and beneficial to the SU, BUT ONLY IF THE SU AGREES!

Key points on all care/support plans are i believe:

Choice - listen to the SU they know themselves best, even if you disagree, the care plan is theirs unless the capacity to understand is diminished and then advice must be sought from ALL other persons/agencies involved in an SUs support plan.. even legal advice should be sought in some cases.

The main thing in a 'person centred plan' is to LISTEN to the SU and respect thier choices and opinions if you find that the SU is not being listened to and indeed invalidated then the 'person centred plan' is not now person centred, it is centred around people involved with that SUs support and is WRONG.

Just because an SU is ill doesnt make them stupid. LISTEN LISTEN LISTEN and respect choices.

Question TC 2.4
Explain the importance of monitoring an individual's changing needs or preferences.



Question DIP 3.1 / TC 3.1
Analyse factors that influence the capacity of an individual to express consent.

Capacity to express consent: awareness of the factors which can influence an
individual's capacity to express their consent eg mental impairment, physical
illness, learning difficulties or language barriers; understanding how to work
sensitively with individuals who may have an impaired capacity to express
consent eg adapting working approaches, using physical or communication aids,
seeking help where necessary
Establish consent: the process of establishing informed agreement to an action
or decision with individuals; ensure individuals have access to the appropriate
information; communication skills – verbal, non-verbal and written; active
listening; importance of consultation and inclusive communication; respect
individual's choices; listen and respond to individuals' questions and concerns;
respond appropriately to any questions and concerns; work to resolve conflicts if
consent cannot be established; seek extra support and advice where necessary

mental conditions, i.e.
mental capacity
physical conditions i.e.
communication abilities
availability, or lack of
options
awareness of choices
age
participation
engagement.

Consent means informed
agreement to an action or
decision; the process of
establishing consent will vary
according to an individual's
assessed capacity to consent

Consent can be in different
forms and includes:
verbal
written
via a representative or
advocate.

Steps to take when consent
cannot be established include:
not continuing with the task
reporting to the supervisor
or manager
recording the information

Question TC 3.2
Explain how to establish consent for an activity or action.



Question DIP 3.3 / TC 3.3
Explain what steps to take if consent cannot be readily established.

Question TC 4.1
Explain the principles of active participation.

Implement and promote: different ways of applying active participation to meet
individual needs; working with individuals and others eg team members, other
professionals; how active participation can address the holistic needs of an
individual eg physical, emotional, spiritual; theories of motivation and changing
behaviour; using incentives eg highlighting advantages and benefits of active
participation
Active participation: empowering individuals to participate in the activities and
relationships of everyday life as independently as possible; the importance of
the individual as an active partner in their own care or support rather than a
passive recipient; empowering individuals to participate in their own care; the
benefits for individuals of active participation eg physical benefits, increased
independence, autonomy and wellbeing; possible barriers to active participation
eg learning difficulties, physical disability or language barriers; ways to reduce
barriers to active participation eg use of physical, communication or visual aids

Active Participation is a way
of working that recognises an
individual's right to participate
in the activities and
relationships of everyday life
as independently as possible;
the individual is regarded as an
active partner in their own care
or support, rather than a
passive recipient.



Question TC 4.2
Explain how holistic needs of an individual can be addressed by active participation.

Holistic – covers all aspects of an individual's well-being

Question TC 4.3
Explain how to work with an individual and others to agree how active participation will be implemented.

discussion and
encouragement with the
individual
providing useful information
and choice
using friends and family to
encourage
ensuring appropriate
activities
peer-group encouragement
persuasion techniques
highlighting the benefits of
the activity
recording the outcome
Question TC 4.4
Explain how to promote the understanding and use of active participation.

Question TC 5.1
Describe different approaches to support an individual to make informed choices.

Right to make choices: importance of individual empowerment; universal
declaration of human rights; independence and autonomy of individuals;
importance of impartiality, being aware of own attitudes, values and beliefs, not
allowing personal views to influence an individual's decision-making; awareness
of relevant legislation and agreed ways of working that influence individual
rights eg equality and human rights, disability discrimination
Support the individual: developing respectful relationships; the importance of
non-judgemental communication and inclusive information; respecting
individual's choices; the use of agreed risk assessment processes to support
individuals in making choices eg health and lifestyle choices, decisions about
treatment or care; awareness of actual or likely danger or harm arising from
choices made eg increased vulnerability, impact on treatment or recovery;
empowering and supporting individuals to question or challenge decisions
concerning them that are made by others; using own role and authority to
support the individual's right to make choices eg being confident and assertive,
knowledge of relevant legislation and agreed ways of working, being an
advocate in supporting an individual's right to choose; importance of inclusive
practice and awareness of discrimination issues

discussion
providing relevant
information
guidance from friends or
family
using an advocate or
support service

Question TC 5.3
Explain the consequences of allowing the personal views of others to influence an individual's choices.

Others may include:
Colleagues
Social worker
Occupational Therapist
GP
Speech and Language
Therapist
Physiotherapist
Pharmacist
Nurse
Specialist nurse
Psychologist
Psychiatrist
Advocate
Dementia care advisor
Family or carers

individual's needs not being
met
lack of choice
low self esteem
lack of motivation
stress
abuse

Question DIP 5.4 / TC 5.2
Describe how to support an individual to question or challenge decisions concerning them that are made by others.

encourage questions and
comments
be prepared to listen
assist the individual to ask
for a second opinion
speak to/refer the individual
to a senior member of staff
use the complaints
procedure

Question DIP 6.1 / TC 6.1
Explain what steps to take if consent cannot be readily established.

Question TC 4.1
Explain the principles of active participation.

Question TC 4.2
Explain the links between identity, self image and self esteem.

Question DIP 6.2 / TC 6.2
Analyse factors which contribute to the well being of an individual.

spiritual
emotional
cultural
religious
social
political
sexual
physical
mental



Question TC 6.3
Explain the importance of supporting an individual in a way that promotes their sense of identity, self image and self esteem.

Question TC 6.4
Describe ways to contribute to an environment that promotes well-being.

Wellbeing: spiritual; emotional; cultural; religious; social; political
Promoting wellbeing: the importance of individual identity and self-esteem; the
links between identity, self-image and self-esteem; understanding emotional
literacy; awareness of individual's feelings; the importance of privacy,
maintaining dignity; providing support and encouragement for individuals;
respecting the spiritual, religious and cultural beliefs of individuals
Supporting individuals: working in partnership to set realistic and achievable
goals; empowering individuals to develop confidence and feel good about
themselves; creating and maintaining a positive environment to promote the
wellbeing of individuals eg attitudes, activities, surroundings; fostering positive
relationships; encouraging open communication; supporting agreed ways of
working that contribute to the wellbeing of individuals
By promoting an individual's spiritual and emotional wellbeing, you can help
improve their self esteem and make them feel valued and remain their
own person.

Building an individual's self esteem is a first step towards the happiness and
emotional well-being of the individuals you support. Focussing on what
they can do rather than on what they can't do, will encourage their
independence and feeling of self worth.

It is also important to help individuals to deal with stress. Changes in situations and in
their ability to do things can cause stress. However, by providing encouragement and
positive support you can improve their inner self and quality of life.

being treated as an
individual
dignity and respect
choices
good communication

Environment may include
physical environment and
social environment, eg:
physical environment -
bedroom, handbag,
personal belongings
social environment -
personal boundaries,
subjective feelings etc.

Question DIP 7.1 / TC 7.1
Compare 2 different uses of risk assessment in an adult care setting.

The use of risk assessments
includes:
mobility
personal hygiene
outings.

Risk assessment uses
include:
accident prevention
prevention of injury to
individuals
prevention of injury to
workers and others
description of procedure or
steps
to meet legal requirements.
Question DIP 7.2 / TC 7.2-7.3
Explain how risk taking and risk assessment relates to rights and responsibilities.

Risk assessment relates to
rights and responsibilities in
the following ways:
legal requirement
prevention from danger and
harm
clear guidance or
instruction

Risk-taking relates to rights
and responsibilities in the
following ways:
freedom of choice
maintaining independence
maintaining dignity and
respect
Question DIP 5.3
Manage risk in a way that maintains the individuals right to make choices.

Question TC 7.5
Explain the importance of using agreed risk assessments processes to support choice
Risk assessment: person-centred approach in communicating risk information;
empowering individuals to make informed decisions in relation to perceived risks
and consequences; individuals as active participants in decision-making;
evaluating and appraising advantages and disadvantages eg relating to healthy
lifestyle decisions like smoking, drinking and obesity; assessing and considering
the benefits and drawbacks eg relating to specific investigations or treatment
decisions; calculating risks involved eg in relation to surgical procedures,
invasive tests or life-threatening situations; judging decisions eg relating to care
and support, end of life decisions; reviewing and monitoring progress eg
effectiveness of individual care plans; the impact of rights and responsibilities in
risk-taking; the importance of accountability; the changing nature of risk
assessment, the importance of regular review in conjunction with changing
individual needs


Question DIP 7.3 / TC 7.4
Explain why risk assessments need to be regularly revised.

Risk assessments need to
be regularly revised to:
ensure they are up-to-date
ensure they prevent risk of
injury or harm
take account of changing
needs and preferences of
the individual
take account of changes in
equipment

Question DIP 2.1
Work with an individual and others to find out the individuals history, preferences, wishes and needs.

To apply a person centred approach you need to know about each service user's background, likes, dislikes etc in order to treat them as individuals.

A person centred centred approach means that the individual might want to change their mind about their care. The care plan should be flexible enough to be changed in accordance with the individual's changing needs and wants. Look at your setting's care plans and explain how/where they have been changed as the individual's needs and wants have changed.

Question DIP 2.3
Adapt actions and approaches in response to an individual's changing needs or preferences.

Question DIP 4.1
Describe different ways of applying active participation to meet individual needs.

Question DIP 5.2
Use own role and authority to support the individuals right to make choices.

Question DIP 6.3
Support an individual in a way that promotes their sense of identity, self image and self esteem.

The first thing is that the person is an individual in their own right - you need to understand what they are about and not judge, pick the bright nuggets of information and use this as a a springboard to encourage self esteem and their self image. As they talk about themselves you will be able to get a sense of self and where they are in their image. You need to feedback to them what was said as positive rather than the negative - if they say Ii am always failing" reply with " really, you at least have the guts to try something out of your comfort zone - not everyone can do it" the negatives must be turned to positives but it takes time and consistency - and as their self worth and esteem improves - you will find they will need less and less re-enforcing

You can help them achieve goals. There is nothing like success to build self confidence. But you also have to let them lose too. Losing builds character and helps them to learn about why they failed and how to succeed from it.