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Zootaxa 3700 (4): 597–600 www.mapress.com /zootaxa / Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press
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ZOOTAXA
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http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3700.4.9 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C34D26EE-9341-4B9C-9454-032081412E63
First record of Damiria Keller, 1891 from Brazil, with the description of a new species (Poecilosclerida; Demospongiae; Porifera) GEORGE GARCIA SANTOS1 & ULISSES PINHEIRO1,2 1 Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Zoologia, Av. Nelson Chaves, s/n Cidade Universitária CEP 50373-970, Recife, PE, Brazil. 2 Corresponding author. E-mail:
[email protected]
Damiria Keller, 1891 is defined by possessing fistular shape with apically microspined tylotes as the only megascleres, and microscleres that may include toxas (Hooper 2002). Van Soest et al. (1994) broadened the definition of Damiria to allow the inclusion of Damiria toxifera van Soest et al., 1994, first species with toxas in the genus. These were the first microscleres assigned to the genus. Damiria is a small genus with six members widely distributed over the world’s oceans (van Soest et al. 2012): D. curvata (Vacelet, 1969) from Mediterranean Sea; D. fistulatus (Carter, 1880) from South India and Sri Lanka; D. leonorae van Soest et al., 1994 from Curaçao; D. simplex from Red Sea; D. testis Topsent, 1928 from Gorringe Bank in the South European Atlantic Shelf; and D. toxifera from Seychelles and Andaman Sea (India). Here, we are recording Damiria for Brazil for the first time and describing a new species. The specimens were collected during a faunistic survey conducted in the area of Ponta do Seixas (Paraíba State, Brazil).
Order Poecilosclerida Topsent, 1928 Family Acarnidae Dendy, 1922 Genus Damiria Keller, 1891 Diagnosis sensu Hooper (2002). Type Species. Damiria simplex Keller, 1891 (by monotypy).
Damiria paraibana sp. nov. Holotype. UFPEPOR 1531, off Ponta do Seixas (07º09'16" S, 34º47'35" W), João Pessoa, Paraíba State, Brazil, col. Equipe LIPY (Laboratório de Invertebrados Paulo Young), (23.III.2008). Paratype. UFPBPOR 179 (collected together with the holotype). Description. Encrusting, with seven thin fistules (1.5 cm on average) that are rising perpendicular to the base (3 cm in diameters), or project sideways (Fig. 1A–B). Bifid terminations were observed; consistency fragile; surface can be smooth in the fistules and there are grains of sand adhered in the base. Oscules (2–4 mm) were found in the tips of fistules (Fig. 1B). The colour is violet (in vivo) and beige (yellowish) in ethanol (80%). The ectosomal skeleton is a tangential layer of inter-crossing tylotes in no particular order (Fig. 1C), which extend from the base to the fistules. The choanosomal skeleton has a few tracts and loose spicules (tylotes II) and is restricted to the base of the sponges. Toxas are scattered. Spicule (Table 1). Tylotes I—Longer, slender, usually slighty curved, completely smooth with microspined ends (Fig. 1D). In the tips, the spines are arranged in vertical lines (Fig. 1F). These tylotes are thinner and longer than choanosomal tylotes. Length 237–291 µm and width 4.2–6.3 µm. Tylotes II—Shorter than the previous, robust, slightly curved, some may be sinuous, smooth body, and with microspined ends (Fig. 1E). The spines are diffusely distributed at the tips (Fig. 1G). Length 186–222 µm and width 9–12 µm. Toxas—Smooth, thin, most are deeply curved like a boomerang shape (Fig. 1H; Fig. 2A). Length 76–115 µm and width 3.6–6 µm. Distribution and ecology. Known only from the type locality (Off Ponta do Seixas, Paraíba State, Brazil), from unknown depth. Both specimens (holotype and paratype) are epibionts in the same ascidian, which is covered by sediment. Accepted by J. Hooper: 7 Aug. 2013; published: 15 Aug. 2013
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FIGURE 1. Damiria paraibana sp. nov. (UFPEPOR 1531, holotype). A, preserved specimen; B, details of the fistules; C, tangential ectosomal architecture; D, tylote I; E, tylote II; F, detail of the head of D; G, detail of the head of E; H, toxa. Scale bars: A = 8 mm; B = 3 mm; C = 200 µm; D, E = 30 µm; F = 3 µm; G = 5 µm; H = 20 µm.
FIGURE 2. Toxas of Damiria paraibana sp. nov. (UFPEPOR 1531, holotype) and D. toxifera. A, Damiria paraibana sp. nov.; B, Reproduction of van Soest et al. (1994: 178) original plate illustrating D. toxifera. Scale bars: A = 10 µm.
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Etymology. The species name refers to its type locality, Paraiba State, and is an allusion to women born there, known as paraibana. Remarks: Damiria paraibana sp. nov. differs from almost all species of the genus by the presence of toxas as microscleres (Tab. 1), except for D. toxifera which approaches the new species in this respect. Nevertheless, the shape and size of toxas are different in both species. In Damiria paraibana sp. nov. the toxas are deeply curved with a boomerang-like form, and are larger and thicker than shallow curved toxas of D. toxifera (Tab. 1; Fig. 2). The colour in vivo is violet as opposed to orange and yellow records of D. toxifera. The skeleton morphology of D. toxifera presents triangular and rectangular meshes in the ectosome (Immanuel & Raghunathan 2011) as opposed to the inter-crossing tylotes in Damiria paraibana sp. nov. Finally given the unlikelyness of conspecificity over such a large geographic distance (Seychelles Island versus Brazil), which was also seen by Fernandez et al. (2012) in two sister-species Acanthotetilla seychellensis (Thomas, 1973) and A. rocasensis Peixinho et al., 2007, we are confident in recognizing Damiria paraibana sp. nov. status as a new species. TABLE 1. Comparative micrometric data on the spicules, shape, colour and overview of distribution of the living species of Damiria Keller, 1891. Values are in micrometres (µm), expressed as follows: minimum–maximum or minimum–mean–maximum length/ width. References are numbered in parentheses and listed after the table. Species Locality / deep (m) Shape / colour Damiria paraibana sp. Paraíba State, Encrusting-fistular / nov. (UFPEPOR Brazil / Intertidal Violet (in vivo) 1531-holotype) Damiria paraibana sp. Paraíba State, nov. (UFPBPOR 179- Brazil / Intertidal paratype)
Encrusting-fistular / Violet (in vivo)
D. curvata (Vacelet, 1969) (1)
Mediterranean Sea Encrusting / Gray / 180 cream
D. fistulata (Carter, 1880) (2) D. leonorae van Soest et al. 1994 (3) D. simplex Keller, 1891 (4) (5)
South India / not recorded Curaçao / 5–12 Red Sea4 / not recorded
D. testis Topsent, 1928 Gorringe Bank (6) (North Atlantic) / 270 D. toxifera van Soest Seychelles, África / et al. 1994 (3) 0-8 D. toxifera van Soest Andaman and et al. 1994 (7) Nicobar Islands, India / 5
Fistules (cm) Tylotes 1.5 I—237–261.3–291 / 4–5.5–6 II—186–206.7–222 / 9–10.3–12 1.5 I—234–259.7–291 / 4–5.5–6 II—186–208.0–219 / 9–10.2–12 2 (fistules I—360–520 / 7.5–12.5 lying) (acanthotylostrongyles) II—110–190 / 5–7.5 (acanthotylostrongyles) not recorded 584 / 7 (as linear spicule)
Toxas 76–98.8–115 / 3–4.7–6
76–95.5–112 / 3–4.6–6
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Irregular globular / Pinkish brown (in vivo) Sinuously creeping not recorded I—192–296 / 2–4.5 (encrusting) / Yellow II—123–216 / 5–9 not recorded I—255–312 / 6–10 Encrusting-massive, (as ectosomal) with robust fistules5 / II—200–250 / 11–15 Light brown 4 (as choanosomal)5 Encrusting / not not recorded I—140–170 / 5 recorded II—Unknown
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Fistular / Orange (in Less than 1 vivo) Massive base with 4 many fistules / Yellow (in vivo)
49–96 / 1
I—239–308 / 3–5 II—169–230 / 6–10 I—276–297.2–321 / 5–6–7 II—199–224.3–248 / 10–11.3–13
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47–72–97 / 1
References: (1) Vacelet (1969); (2) Carter (1880); (3) van Soest et al. (1994); (4) Keller (1891); (5) Hooper (2002); (6) Topsent (1928); (7) Immanuel & Raghunathan (2011).
Acknowledgements We thank Martin L. Christoffersen (CIPY/DSE–UFPB) for the loan of the paratype of Damiria paraibana sp. nov. Authors are also thankful to Mauricio Paiva, Edwin Milet and Josineide Correia for SEM facilities at CETENE (Centro de Tecnologias Estratégicas do Nordeste), and to André Esteves (UFPE), Adélia Miranda, Lucas Lima and Renato Salomão for technical support. We further thank CAPES, CNPq, and FACEPE, for providing grants and/or fellowships.
DAMIRIA FROM BRAZIL
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References Carter, H.J. (1880) Report on Specimens dredged up from the Gulf of Manaar and presented to the Liverpool Free Museum by Capt. W.H. Cawne Warren. Annals and Magazine of Natural History,(5) 6 (31), 35–61, pls IV–VI; 129– 156, pls VII, VIII. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222938009458893 Fernandez, J.C.C., Peixinho, S. & Hajdu E. (2012) Phylogeny and an integrated biogeography of Acanthotetilla Burton, 1959 (Demospongiae: Spirophorida: Tetillidae): two-way traffic on the peri-African track. Zootaxa, 3402, 1–23. Hooper, J.N.A. (2002) Family Acarnidae Dendy, 1922. In: Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (Eds.) Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges, 1. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 412–431. Immanuel, T. & Raghunathan, C. (2011) First record of the sponge Damiria toxifera (Poecilosclerida: Acarnidae) from the Andaman Sea, Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Marine Biodiversity Records, 4, 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755267211000182 Keller, C. (1891) Die Spongienfauna des Rothen Meeres (II. Hälfte). Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 52, 294– 368, pls XVI–XX. Peixinho, S., Fernandez, J., Oliveira, M.V., Caires, S. & Hajdu, E. (2007) Description of two new species of Acanthotetilla Burton, 1959 from NE Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic (Tetillidae, Spirophorida, Demospongiae). Porifera Research: biodiversity, innovation and sustainability (ed. by M.R. Custódio, G. Lôbo-Hajdu, E. Hajdu and G. Muricy), pp. 509–515. Museu Nacional – Série Livros 28, Rio de Janeiro. Thomas, P.A. (1973) Marine Demospongiae of Mahé Island in the Seychelles Bank (Indian Ocean). Ann Kon Mus Midd – Afrika Tervuren (Zool Wetensch) 203, 1–96. Topsent, E. (1928) Spongiaires de l’Atlantique et de la Méditerranée provenant des croisières du Prince Albert ler de Monaco. Résultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I, Monaco, 74, 1–376, pls I–XI. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2169 Vacelet, J. (1969) Eponges de la Roche du Large et de l'étage bathyal de Méditerranée (Récoltes de la soucoupe plongeante Cousteau et dragages). Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (A, Zoologie), 59 (2), 145– 219, pls I–IV. van Soest R.W.M., Zea S. & Kielman M. (1994) New species of Zyzzya, Cornulella, Damiria, and Acheliderma (Porifera: Poecilosclerida), with a review of fistular genera of Iophonidae. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 64, 163–192. van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K., de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Vacelet, J. Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick K.R. & Klautau, M. (2012) World Porifera database. Available from: http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera (Accessed 23 Sept. 2012)
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