GIS project

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE
ABSTRACT 2

SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY 3
Introduction 3
Statement of the problem 3
Significance of the study 3
Scope of the study 4
Review of related literature 4
Methods of study 4
Source of data 4
Sample selection 5

SECTION 2 6
Findings
Conclusion 7
Recommendations 8
References 9














ABSTRACT

The concept GIS has been used widely in different disciplines and has been proved to be successful. GIS here was used as a tool to map the study area which is maseno university main campus both siriba and college campus. GIS in this case was used to locate different hostels in the university. This only helped in identifying areas mentioned in this report and their location. Additional information like the people living in them was provided by different housekeepers of different hostels.














SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY
INRODUCTION
Today, most of the parts of this country are facing water shortage problem. This shortage is caused by many factors. Among these factors is the limited surface fresh water supply in those regions, pollution of the already existing water sources, drying up of river channels and reservoir water due to climate change, high cost of groundwater abstraction making it hard for it to be useful to the people. This therefore calls for matching supply to demand inorder to avoid water wastage where much water is available. This study there is for ma

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The purpose of this study is to determine and map water demand for maseno university and their various uses.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
There are several groups that may benefit from this study. The first group is us students who will get to know our institutions better, get the bigger picture of the water usage in the institution and therefore work on the conservation of the resource. The other group is the maseno university's estate department in knowing how much water to be allocated to various parts of the university. The other group that may benefit is the development department of the university that may consider if there is need to add on maseno university total water supply.


SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study is limited to the perceptions of what a person feels is enough water to him/her. The study was done within maseno university main campus both college campus and siriba campus. This study was restricted to water demand around maseno university's hostels, around lecture halls and compares their different demands.


REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
There exists less literature about maseno that can be reviewed especially under this project the mapping of maseno university's water demand.

METHODS OF STUDY
Source of data
Data for this study were collected using interviews. These interviews were one on one interviews that were conducted by Gatitu Muturi Peter and Immanuel Mugambi. The interview had no preset questions and entirely depended on the respondents' willingness to participate in the interview. The response of each respondent was subjective to his/her observations and how they use water.
The other source of data was from the university's house keepers. The purpose of this was to obtain an estimate of the number of students living in different maseno hostels.
The other source of data was through observation of the students way of life and the different water requiring activities they undertake. These observations was conducted by the producers of this report. This also involved our personal experience and how we use water as students.

Sample selection
The respondents involved in this survey were students from maseno university living in the school hostels. This did not involve the nonresidents since its hard to account for every student. Most of the students live far from the university and have different water sources.
The other respondents were maseno university staff which include housekeepers, staff from estates department and people in charge of turning on and off different water pumps.

Statistical methods
Simple statistical techniques were used to tabulate the results of this study. According to the population data received from the house keepers from different hostels, analysis of the data was carried out to estimate the hostels that had the highest water demand and the varying levels of demand depending on the time of the day.



Limitations of the study
This study was limited through the use of individual student responses because they were only subjective to the students meaning that they were not necessarily accurate. The university also lacked adequate information on the water distribution systems within the entire university. Some of the university staff members were also uncooperative and this limited the amount of information received.

SECTION 2
Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations


FINDINGS
After carrying out the study, we found that the most populated regions within the university consumed the largest volumes of water in a day. The sunrise and Makerere hostels located on college and siriba campus respectively has the highest number of students living around those regions. Sunrise hostels extend from around transport department, extending through former head of security department including new sunrise and sunrise annex hostels. they host an estimated 1412 students. Makerere include new makerere, makerere boxes all for girls and makerere annexes for boys which hosts close to 1300 students. IDP hostels hosts an estimated 1188 students. Kilimanjaro together with institutes hostels in college campus hosts about 772 students. Equator hostels in siriba campus hosts around 530 students. Various water collection tanks are used to collect and store water from the distribution pipes. It was also observed that the highest consumption rates were during the morning and evening hours when all the students were still within their hostels doing their cleaning. During the day especially on the week days water consumption rates were low at the hostels since most of the students spent their day in the lecture halls or in the libraries learning. During the weekends consumption of water within the hostels is very high as most of the students carry out their cleaning activities. On the other hand consumption rates in the lecture hall areas during the weekends was very low and at times the water is shut off for conservation purposes and to avoid leakages in case of a pipe breakdown. The findings are based on the population in these hostel.


CONCLUSIONS
On the basis of our findings, sevral conclusions concerning the water demand in maseno university can be drawn. The findings of this study indicated that areas with more people have a higher water demand due to per capita demand.
Water demand in girls hostel is a little higher than that of boy's hostel. This was however averaged for the purpose of this study since boys' and girls' hostels are located in one area and in many hostels they are served by common water tank. This is exceptional for equator hostels which are for boys only.
Water consumption is high around the hostels during morning and evening hours when students are doing much cleaning before and after lectures respectively. During the weekend the consumption of water is at maximum when most students do their general cleaning. Water consumption in lecture halls is at minimum during the weekends.











RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the findings and the conclusions in this study, the following recommendations are made;
Water supply around lecture halls during the weekend should be at minimal.
Water that would have been supplied to the lecture halls should be supplied to the hostels in order to cater for the increased demand around the hostels.
Less capacity tanks around sunrise hostels need to be replaced by bigger capacity tanks in order to fully cater for the daily demand around those hostels.
Water supply should be monitored by GIS so as to maximize on water supply by reducing water wastage during distribution.













REFERENCES
Johnson L.E. 2009, Geographic Information system on water resources engineering, CRC Press.
ESRI (Environmental Systems Research Institute), 2007, GIS technology for water , wastewater and stormwater utilities. (http//www.esri.com/water)
Fortes P.S, Platonov A.E and Pereira L.S. 2005, GISAREG. A GIS-based irrigation scheduling simulation model to support improved water use. Agricultural water management, 77: 159-179.


1 " Page