GMA ANNUAL REVIEW 2016

PROGRESS 2015-16 Global Mountain Action

I ACTION THEME: FUNGI IN THE ANDES: A) REDISCOVERY & REVALUATION OF EDIBLE ANDEAN MUSHROOMS • 

Development of the first compilation of Traditional edible mushrooms of Peru

REBUILDING LOCAL FOOD SYSTEMS – OPPORTUNITIES FOR INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES: THE CASE OF NATIVE WILD PERUVIAN MUSHROOMS • 

We were not successful in gaining funding from the Exploratory Mandate seed money grants in May for a project entitled: Rebuilding local food systems – opportunities for Indigenous communities: The case of native wild Peruvian mushrooms

REFLECTION: • 

a) Although unsuccessful, it was great to work together with SF

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b) Perhaps not the right grant source since the market issue is complex and not the usual text book case. The feadibility study is complex:

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- We need baseline data on amounts of mushrooms available,

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- geographic range,

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- communities need to be included,

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- value added & quality control issues,

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- demand side information from Gourmet industry,

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- mushroom studies are limited to December to April, the rainy season.

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- and a strategy to ensure the reverse pyramide structure proposed by Stefan.

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c) From my recollection the ETH based grant office decided on a lab based molecular project (simple and clean ).

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We did not even begin to write up all the work on traditionally consumed mushrooms of the andes. However, the work needs to be done, perhaps as a reflction and part of the development of a fair trade strategy for marketing traditional mushrooms in an economic envirionment that is not ethical. Here lies the challenge for all of us.

B) DOCUMENTATION OF MACRO – FUNGAL DIVERISTY IN THE ANDES • 

We finished two large data bases that was a major task since 2013.

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Analysed of part of diversity data.

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Presentation of data at BIOCON meeting 2015

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Presentation of results of diversity study to Cañaris indigenous community

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Minor Collection in Cañaris and Zarate

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Documentry Zarate youtube

DATA BASE - INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

1. ADOBE LIGHTROOM: A VERSATILE DATA BASE

STORES: PHOTOGRAPHIC INFORMATION, WORKBOOKS, COLLECTION NOTES, GPS DATA, KEYWORDS

ENABLES: EASY ACCESS TO IMAGES, GPS AND WORKBOOK INFORMATION

GPS INFORMATION CAN BE VIEWED IN GOOGLE EARTH

TAXONOMIC GROUPS CAN BE SEARCHED E.G. GENUS AGARICUS

GOOGLE EARTH: GENUS AGARICUS COLLECTIONS IN THE PERUVIAN ANDES

ALLOWS VIEWING OF SAMPLES DATA AT COLLECTION LOCATIONS E.G. AGARICUS SPP. FROM APURIMAC

2. A SIMPLE IMAGE DATA BASE: EASILY ADAPTABLE TO SYSTEMS OF INDIVIDUAL INSTITUTIONS

3. EXCEL: INFORMATION DATA BASE FOR QUANTITATIVE ANALYSES

ANALYSES COMPARISONS:MACRO-FUNGI COMMUNITIES & ECOREGIONS*

*Classification according to A. Brack Egg (1986) Nota Bene: Map error the Selva Baja = Selva Alta & visa versa

DIVERSITY OF MACRO FUNGI IN THE ANDES

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Genera

Propor/on unique Genera per (n)

0.11

50

0.21

31

0.08

71

0.18

119

34

0.29

58

0.49

33

12

0.36

16

0.49

Diversity

Samples collected per Ecoregion (n)

PUNA

243

26

SERRANIA ESTEPARIA

388

SELVA ALTA

PACIFICA TROPICAL

33 12 2.8 16 2.1

Propor/on unique Families Families per (n)

SIMILARITY INDEX BETWEEN ECOREGIONS* & GENERA OF MACROFUNGI SIMILARITY INDEX GENERA

PUNA

SERRANIA ESTEPARIA

SELVA ALTA

PACIFICA TROPICAL

PUNA

1.00

0.53

0.30

0.18

1.00

0.53

0.21

1.00

0.30

SERRANIA ESTEPARIA SELVA ALTA PACIFICA TROPICAL

1.00

COMPARISON OF FAMILIES OF MACRO FUNGI IN FOUR ECOSYSTEMS OF THE ANDES 14

on

12

ulati

Native Forests 8

Introduced Plantations 6

% of

Each

Po p

10

Agro-Pastures

4

2

Native Grasslands

0

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COMPARISON OF GENERA OF MACRO-FUNGI IN FOUR WOODED ENVIRONMENTS Native Forests

10 9 8

Introduced Plantations

7 6 5 4

Wooded Pastures

3 2 1

Wooded Grasslands

0

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10

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EA re STER SteCEAEa ARIA lomta OPH Hypho lio ia STR Pho phar aroa Stro Wer EAE C etes TAam METr EAE TRA TAC ella

ME Trem AE TRE E a HIAC Trichi AE TRIC ACE lla MAT illarieybe HOLO Arm ia Clitoc phal ca TRIC enomoleuin LichM elanphal aa

Omocollybi ma holo sis Pleur Tric lomop tified idenCEAE Tricho unR ria A IATubaA TUB E Ea C A M STOTulostCom EAEa TULO RIA aldiniia XYLA DX ylar

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

PRESENTATION BIODIVERSITY CONFERENCE (BIOCON) LIMA, OCTOBER 2015 ESTABLISHING A SYSTEMATIC BASELINE FOR MACRO-FUNGAL DIVERSITY IN THE PERUVIAN ANDES Peter Trutmann (GMA), Maria Encarnación Holgado (UNSAAC), Albino Quispe (UNSAAC), Amarilda Luque (GMA), Mario Lopez (UCV), Magdalena Pavlich (UPCH)

PRESENTATION OF POSTERS AND FINDINGS TO THE INDIGENOUS KAÑARIS PEOPLE

DOCUMENTARY VIDEO – EL BOSQUE DE ZARATE

C) CONTINUATION OF THE WORK ON ELUCIDATING THE HISTORIC ROLE OF MUSHROOMS IN PERU. • 

Dramatic advances in the interpretation of mushrooms in ancient peru and symbolism

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Writing individual chapters in progress.

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Working on a documentary of the Ancient forgotten mushrooms of Peru

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ADVANCES IN UNDERSTANDING SYMBOLS ASSOCIATED WITH MUSHROOMS

DIFFERENT USES OF MUSHROOM SYMBOLS • 

A) REALISTIC

B) IN WRITING

C)POWER SYMBOL

Symbols associated with Moche figures with mushrooms. The Xonecuilli ,Kutu or Scroll The ’Kutu’ (Quechua – Silverman p197 2010) or Xoneculli (Nahuatal ) REF ) is commonly associated with Moche ceramics the contain mushroom symbolism. Jurgen Golte (2009 p90) regards the symbol ‘S’ as represen/ng ‘signos de encuentro’ (signs of ecounter).

Triangles Triangles are found associated with ceramics or other Moche related art either alone or together with other imagery par/cularly steps, or stepped- frets which are oUen associated with images with mushrooms. Perhaps associated with storehouses in constella/ons? Signify presence or absence oan element that can be denoted with color. However, in ceramics usually denoted with shaded or unshaded triangles.

The Muyuy-Ku=y Spirals The spiral is a common symbol associated with ceramics associated with mushroom like images. There are various forms of spirals, but to begin the analysis of meaning they are treated as the same. The three types classified thus far are the full spiral or double spiral, the spiral – associated with the fret triangle, and the spiral (fret) associated with steps - the stepped fret.

The Steps or Chakana In order to continue analyzing the spiral or fret shaped symbols we need to explore the meaning of the steps with which the spirals are often intricately associated.

The Stepped Fret Combina/on of spiral and step meanings. Associated with func/ons and ac/ons of individuals.

ANDEAN HERBS • 

Little progress was made on the recipe book. Recipes were collected, but AL had to divert attention to other issues. AL did spend time maintaining the Facebook page. AL now has a fultime job. Hence, the amount budgeted for the production of the recipe book was not transferred..

III REVITALIZATION OF MOUNTAIN AGRICULTURE – CRITICAL CORNER-STONES FOR ADAPTATION AND DURABILITY • 

We have been collecting information: literature, video, and images.

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No video documentary was made nor a review written.

VISIBILITY & MOUNTAIN DIALOGUE • 

Video documentaries

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Completed:

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El Bosque de Zarate: un camino micologico y mas

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In production:

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The Forgotten mushrooms of Peru PART 1.

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Traditions of Mushrooms and their potential to reduce malnutrition in the Andes (An overview of the work of GMA to rediscover and document the role and importance of macro-fungi in Peru)

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The forgotten mushrooms of Peru PART 2.

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Mushrooms in Ancient Peru

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The forgotten mushrooms of Peru PART 3.

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Traditionally consumed mushrooms and their potential to decrease malnutrition in the Andes

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Los Macro-hongos del Norte del Peru

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Parte : 1 Los Bosques de Nublina de Kañaris

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS • 

1. Establishing a systematic baseline for Macro fungi in the Peruvian Andes.

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BIOCON Lima, October 2015

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WEBSITE

FACEBOOK • 

Global Mountain Action (Since 2013) PT/AL

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12 posts

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129 Likes (113 Likes 2015 & 64 in 2014)

(20 Posts 2015 & 40 in 2014)

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Mountain Agriculture (since December 2014) PT/AL

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92 Friends (75 Friends 2015)

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26 posts

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(33 Posts

2015 )

LITERATURE • 

Guide: Traditionally Consumed Mushrooms in the Andes

FORUM •  Aufbau einer discusions Forum: did not move forward. •  Unsure if we became a ’Mitglied’ for dialogue for change?