HOLISTIC APPROACH TO EVANGELISM: TOWARDS A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Mathis, Robert L. and Jackson, John H. Human Resource Management. 10th . Vol. International Edition. South-Western: Thomson Learning, 2004.p.113
Lucas, Stephen E. The Art of Public Speaking. 8th. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2004. p24.
White, Ellen G. The Desire of Ages. Coldwater: Remnant Publication, 2005. P.513
Heesen, David R. "How to Win Souls for Christ" 2014. http://www.spurgeon.org/misc/sw08.htm (accessed November 4, 2014)
Christy
Levron
Heesen
Neville, Colin. Introduction to Research and Research Methods. Universith of Bradford, 2007.
Lenin, 1979.
Ibid.
Creswell, 1994
Babie, Ear, 2005
Barbara Mazur, Cultural Diversity in Organisational Theory and Practice, Journal of Intercultural Management Vol. 2, No. 2, November 2010, pp. 5–15

Barbara Mazur, p.5
Ibid.
O'Reilly, C.A., III, Williams, K.Y., Barsade, W, 1998. "Group demography and innovation: Does diversity help?" [in:] Gruenfeld D. (Ed.), Research on Managing Groups and Teams, Vol. 1, pp. 183–207, St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
David Washington, The Concept of Diversity (Durham: Washington & Company). P.2. http://dwashingtonllc.com/images/pdf/publications/the_concept_of_diversity.pdf Retrieved on 18/12/14.
Ibid.
Esty, Katharine, Richard Griffin, and Marcie Schorr-Hirsh, Workplace diversity. A manager's guide to solving problems and turning diversity into a competitive advantage (Avon, MA: Adams Media Corporation, 1995).

Loden, M., Rosener, J.B., Workforce America! Managing Employee Diversity as a Vital Resource (Illinois: Business One Irwin, 1991).
Ibid.
Ibid.
Seventh-Day Adventist Elder's Handbook, p. 105
World Council of Churches, Together Towards Life: Mission and Evangelism in Changing Landscapes. A New WCC Affirmation on Mission and Evangelism. http://cwmission.org/missiontoolkit/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/WCC-Statement-on-Mission-Evangelism.pdf Retrieved on 18/12/2014
Washington, P. 4
Kelli A. Green, Mayra López, Allen Wysocki, and Karl Kepner "Diversity in the Workplace: Benefits, Challenges, and the Required Managerial Tools" This document is HR022, one of a series of the Food and Resource Economics Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date June 2002. Revised October 2008. Reviewed February 2012. Visit the EDIS website at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu
Exploring Stewardship "Stewardship of Spiritual Gifts" in NIV Stewardship Study Bible, P. 1505
Green et al P.2.
Barbara Mazur, p.6.
PC Bible, Vine's Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words.
(Harper)
Richard Stoll Armstrong, The Pastor-Evangelist in the Parish (Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox, 1990). p. 13.
Seventh-Day Adventist Elder's Handbook, P. 104.
Ibid.
Ben Johnson, An Evangelism Primer: Practical principles for congregation, (Atlanta: John Knox Press, 1983). P.17
Ibid. p.18
Jonas Arrais, Wanted: A Good Pastor (Silver Spring: General Conference Ministerial Association, 2011). P. 30.
Johnson. P.18
Ibid.
Christy, John. "Methods of Evangelism."2012. http://www.johnchristy.com/Methods-of-Evangelism (accessed November 4, 2014)
Ibid.
Levron, Teddy. " Evangelism Methods That Work" 2011. http://www.effective-evangelism-training.org/evangelism_methods.html (Accessed: 4th November.#, 2014).
Guy V. Caskey, The Gospel Plan of Salvation (Arlington, Texas:Mission Printing, Inc., n.d) p.6.
Ibid. P.8-9.
Arrais, P. 22
John A. Broadus On the Preparation of Sermons, (New York: Harper & Row, 1979).p18.
Ibid. P. 19
Emmanuel O. Abbey, Giving That Benefit (Accra: Creative Concepts, 2008). P.82-83.
Ibid.
Ibid. P.84.
Lloyd E, "Monitoring and Evaluation: Concepts and Key Definitins". Stakeholder Workshop to outline an M&E Framework for the Education Sector Kingston (Jamaica: Carribean Health and Research Centre (CHRC), 2010). (p. 5).


HOLISTIC APPROACH TO EVANGELISM: TOWARDS A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK


THIS RESEARCH PAPER IS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY AND MISSION, VALLEY VIEW UNIVERSITY, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR A GRADE IN GREL 501:RESEARCH METHODS



ALEXANDER AMOAH
215PG01000734



DECEMBER, 2014









DECLARATION
This is to certify that this paper is the result of research undertaken by Alexander Amoah towards the award of a grade in Research Method in the School of Theology and Mission in the Valley View University, Accra.




ABSTRACT
The use of specific methods of evangelism as a catch-all-net for soul winning poses challenge to gospel field workers. The design of the needed catch-all-net approach is indispensable since the gospel has to reach all nations before Jesus comes (Mathew 24:14). This purpose of this study is design a holistic approach to evangelism to be used by the church. The study uses analytical approach to design approach to evangelism that takes into account the diverse needs and characteristics of target audience. By using multi-level sampling techniques, purposive sampling technique was used to select 10 field workers for interview, and 50 non-believers and 50 believers to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed holistic approach to evangelism. The study hypothesis that an approach to evangelism that takes into account the specific needs and characteristics of 'target non-believers' will earns more dividends in terms of soul winning and preservation. The result of this study will enhance evangelism in the church, increase church members' motivation to involve in organised and personal evangelism. The study will recommend to the church the adoption of a holistic approach in evangelistic campaigns.



DEDICATION

I gladly dedicate this work to my guardians, my wife Ellen, my children Amoah Jnr and Dufie, as well as my course mates, especially David Nketiah, for their encouragement, love, care, and relentless support while in school.
















ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express profound gratitude to the Almighty God for His blessings, unfailing guidance and strength to accomplish this study.
I am grateful to my lecturer Professor Dziedzorm R. Asafo for his guidance and constructive criticism which made this study possible.
My sincere appreciation goes to all my course mates for their encouragement, suggestions and support.
Last, but not the least, I am thankful to all researchers and authors whose works have been cited in this study.
However, I solely assume responsibility for any defect or shortcoming, marginal or substantial that may be found in this study.


Alexander Amoah
December, 2014.




Contents
DECLARATION 2
DEDICATION 4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 5
CHAPTER ONE 9
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 9
INTRODUCTION 9
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 11
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY 13
1.4 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 13
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH 13
1.6 FOCUS ON STUDY SETTING 14
1.7 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION 15
1.8 LIMITATION 15
1.9 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS 16
1.10 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 16
1.11 METHODOLOGY 17
CHAPTER TWO 19
LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 19
2.0 INTRODUCTION 19
2.1 DIVERSITY 19
2.1.1 DIVERSITY DEFINED 20
2.1.2 DIVERSITY IN EVANGELISM 22
2.1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF DIVERSITY 23
2.1.4 CHALLENGES OF DIVERSITY 24
2.2 MEANING OF EVANGELISM 25
2.2 DEFINING EVANGELISM 26
2.2 METHODS OF EVANGELISM 29
CHAPTER THREE 30
DEVELOPING A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR EVANGELISM 30
3.0 INTRODUCTION 30
3.1 WHAT IS HOLISTIC APPROACH TO EVANGELISM? 30
3.2 IMPERATIVES OF THE HOLISTIC APPROACH 31
3.3 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE HOLISTIC APPROACH 33
3.4 ASSUMPTIONS OF THE FRAMEWORK 34
3.5. APPLICATION OF THE HOLISTIC APPROACH EVANGELISM 38
Stage 1: Planning Stage 38
Stage 2: Preparation Stage 40
Stage 3: Execution Stage 41
Stage 4: Nurturing and Maintenance Stage 42
3.5 CRITERIA FOR MONITORING EVANGELISTIC CAMPAIGN 44
CHAPTER FOUR 47
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 47
4.0 INTRODUCTION 47
4.1 SUMMARY OF THE RESEARCH PROCESS 47
4.2 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 48
4.3 CONCLUSION 49
4.4 RECOMMENDATION 49
BIBLIOGRAPHY 51





CHAPTER ONE

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

1.0 INTRODUCTION
The main purpose of Christianity is soul-winning (Mark 16:15). The message is to reach all in the society, including those who are not looking for it. This is evangelism, 'the science of preaching, teaching, witnessing and advocating the gospel.' Since the Old Testament times, these methods have been the conventional methods by which the word of God is given to people. But the human society has become so complex and sophisticated with increase in knowledge, a fulfilment of Prophet Daniel's prophecy in Chapter 12 verse 4 "But as for you, Daniel, conceal these words and seal up the book until the end of time; many will go back and forth, and knowledge will increase" NASB. The diversity and the increasing sophistication in human society suggests that there can be many methods of reaching out to souls. Diversity simply means the recognition of differences among people. People differ in relation to economic, educational, employment, religious and social conditions. Stephen E. Lucas consider diversity and multiculturalism as basic facts of life that have to be considered when giving speeches. This implies that in efforts to reach out to non-believers there is the need to apply many methods suitable to each segment of the society.

When it comes to soul-winning, there are innumerable ideas as to how to go about evangelising. Some of these ideas concern. Jesus made it clear that His disciples were to begin from Judea, Jesus' own birth place. Ellen G. White explains that "The disciples were to begin their work where they were. The hardest and most uncompromising field was not to be passed by. So every one of Christ's workers is to begin where he is" With regard to when, David R. Heesen says "Brethren, the witnessing man, then, must himself be saved, and he should be sure of it" Unsaved soul cannot witness to others about salvation, he can do other things like miracles. The "how or what method" aspect of soul-winning has followed the conventional methods of preaching, teaching, miracles, and giving and personal testimony. Jesus Christ, our lord himself emphasised preaching (Mark 16:15) and teaching (Mathew 28:20). In addition to preaching, and teaching the Apostles emphasized "meeting of needs" as a method of soul-winning. Elder James teaching of "faith and works" indicate that expression of faith alone is not enough but combining with work (James 2: 14-26).

In an ever increasing diversity in society, one can be sure of ineffectiveness of one-size-fits-all method of evangelism. That everyone who wants salvation is expected to accept invitation to be at the crusade or campaign ground. That one needs salvation through Christ is incontestable in the Christian community. But this assumption means nothing more than a Christian pedagogy to nonbelievers out there. There is the need to have different approach to evangelism which will start with the non-believer's own predisposition and end with the Christian predisposition becoming the agenda of the target non-believe. This study presents an effort towards the design of this holistic approach to evangelism.

1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Every evangelist or soul-winner knows that to win a soul for Christ, one ought to use one or combination of the conventional approaches such preaching, teaching, witnessing and advocating the gospel of Christ. Besides, every true soul-winner knows that in evangelism it is the gospel that must be presented to the willing listeners. Again, our Lord Jesus Christ made it clear in Mathew 24:14 that the gospel is to be sent to "all nations" which signifies every human being. Christ himself understood the different needs of peoples provided them by preaching, teaching, healing, feeding, witnessing. Jesus' approach was holistic meeting the sinner's needs in totality. Apostle Paul also used an approach best suited for unique characteristics of his listeners (NASB, 1 Corinthians 9:22). The holistic approach used by Christ can be described as 4Ws Method in which Christ focused on a perfect blend of whom, where, when and what components of evangelism.

New methods of evangelism and soul-winning have been proposed. Christy has proposed the Roman Road, Servant Evangelism and Evangelism Explosion as effective methods of evangelism. Also, Teddy Levron has proposed 14 methods of evangelism with each method targeting different segments of the population. Also, Heesen has proposed the use of Miracles, Witnessing, Pleading, Exampling, and Open-Air Preaching. Christy's methods, based on the assumption that all non-believe have salvation on top of the scale of preference, focus on delivery as the expense of the audience's needs (what) and destinations (where). Levron's fourteen methods of evangelism rather answers almost all the 'where' and 'who' related questions of evangelism and touching minimally on the 'how' and 'when' also but disregarding the 'what' aspect of evangelism. Each method touches on one or two of the 4W's of evangelism. Perhaps Levron also assumes, just like any other evangelist, that all non-believes want to hear and believe the gospel for salvation. What is missing is a conceptual framework for addressing the dynamics of designing an evangelistic campaign. For example what factors to consider in designing an evangelistic campaign for the youth, or any particular social group?
While it is true that all Non-Christian believers need salvation and have to believe in Jesus Christ, it is unrealistic to suppose that salvation lies on top of the scale of preference of each non-believer. The lack of a conceptual framework has led to the use of one-size-fit-all method in which all non-believers are treated having the same sin-sickness and given the same prescription. This assumption has given rise to some problems. First, evangelism is done without thorough consideration of the diverse needs of target listeners. Second, all the diverse needs of target listeners are ordered independently as secondary to salvation, which may not be the case from the point of view of the target listeners. Third, willing listeners are invited to campaign ground irrespective of their particular concern on means of transport, social and psychological needs. Lastly, financial resources are misplaced since the methods of evangelism lack specificity and holistic consideration. The overall effects of the above problems are (1) the inability of greater number of target audience to make it to campaign grounds, (2) the missing of newly won souls in the churches, (3) low confidence of visitation teams and, (4) lack of confidence in the effectiveness of an impending evangelist campaign.

The suggested panacea to the problems narrated above is the development of a conceptual framework for designing a holistic approach to evangelism, which is the main concern in this study. Of particular concern is the design of a conceptual framework to evangelism which will take into account the specific needs of listeners with regard to whom, where, when, how and what. Significant questions to be addressed by the framework are: What is the nature of a holistic approach to evangelism? What process should be followed in designing a holistic approach to evangelism? What are the criteria for measuring effectiveness or otherwise of the holistic approach to evangelism. In addressing these question, the study seeks to define, outline the characteristics, the key elements and components, process for designing and criteria for evaluating a holistic approach to evangelism.

1.2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual framework for designing holistic approach to evangelism that will take into account specific needs of non-believers and their unique characteristics.

1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
The main objectives of the study are:
To determine the nature of a holistic approach to evangelism.
To outline the process should be followed in designing a holistic approach to evangelism.
To design a criteria for measuring effectiveness or otherwise of the holistic approach to evangelism

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH
This research is significant in three ways. First, it seeks to fill a gap in the literature on evangelism and soul winning. This gap has to do with the lack of approach evangelistic approaches that addresses specific concerns of non-believers taking into account their unique characteristics which may be demographic, social, economic, cultural, psychological, and religious. The conventional methods of preaching, teaching, witnessing are but modes of delivery and in most campaigns do not take into account the uniqueness of willing listeners. For instance, the same evangelistic campaign is organized for youth, young adult, elderly, prostitutes, the addicts and the target believers who are in other denominations. This study is an attempt to design an approach that will meet the different needs of the different categories of the target people in the society.

Secondly, this study seeks to add the scanty literature in the field of evangelism. The Bible is already an omnibus material for evangelism that provide hints on how to reach to the 'lost' souls. The Bible provides direction on the 4W's of evangelism. Even though the application of Biblical guidelines in designing an evangelistic method has always been a challenge, there is still reluctance on behalf of practitioners to design new methods of evangelism. The reasons are that, for one, Field Workers believe that 'the Bible has it all', a belief that does not consider the influence of increase in knowledge on the lifestyles and socio-economic conditions of people. Two, there is reigning assumption that everyone knows his or her fallibility and is in search for salvation. This assumption based on the Roman Road approach by Christy taken from Romans 3:23 does not bother how individual order their lives. It assumes salvation on top of everyone's scale of preference. The study makes contribution that an effective approach to evangelism must not order preferences for non-believers; it must work with the existing orders of preference and try to help non-believer reorder their preferences till salvation comes to be on top. This characteristic of an approach to evangelism is necessary since the very conditions people find themselves exert great influence on their believe systems.

Thirdly, this study seek to provide a resource manual for evangelists, pastors, and missionaries. The holistic approach proposed will be useful to campaigns which focus on soul winning for Christ.



FOCUS ON STUDY SETTING
The setting of this study is the Christian community in Africa with particular reference to the demographic, socio-economic and technological conditions of Christian Community in Ghana. The Christian community is religiously complex with a very thin line between believers and unbelievers. There is besides increasing mix of lifestyle between these sects, making it crucial for differentiation to be considered in evangelistic approach.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
Evangelism is a broad field in soul winning. It is comprise financial element, methods and modes of delivery, searching for audience, baptism, and maintenance and preservation of won souls in the church. It seems contentious to have a holistic approach that will incorporate the varied needs and characteristic of target audience. Thus diversity and multiculturalism makes any attempt towards the design of a holistic approach an elusive and huge task. But the broad nature of evangelism and the elusiveness of possibility of holistic approach will not affect the success of this study. The reason for this contention is that this study provides synthesis of existing methods of evangelism, both conventional and non-conventional. Besides, inclusion of needs in evangelistic planning is not a new phenomenon, only it is being emphasised as an approach.

LIMITATION
The possible limitation of this study surfaces in two ways. First, the unlimited nature of available literature specifically on evangelism poses a challenge in to literature review. There are many literature on many other aspect of Christian life such as marriage, love, prayer and nurturing that seem to incorporate notions of evangelism. Second, the limited time to experiment the efficacy of all the various components of the proposed holistic approach.
RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
The major hypothesis of the study is that having a conceptual framework will demystify the dynamics in designing a holistic approach to evangelism. Such a framework must propose that taking into account the specific needs and characteristics of 'target non-believers' will earns more dividends in terms of soul winning and preservation. This thesis is subdivided into four specific hypotheses with each addressing one the 4Ws of evangelism.
H1: When it comes salvation people have different predispositions on their need of salvations.
H2: The personal characteristics, such as occupation, residence, economic status, of targets listeners have influence on the approach of evangelism.
H3: The mode of delivery of evangelistic message has significant effect on soul winning.
H4: The timing of an evangelistic campaign significantly affects attendance and effectiveness of the campaign.
H5: The content of evangelistic message has affects soul winning.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The study is ground on a holistic evangelism approach. This framework posits that in evangelism, target listeners have diverse needs and concerns what have to be considered in planning an evangelistic campaign. It is built on four pillars which the message, the method, the target listeners and place. The holistic approach assumes that more souls will be won to Christ if the approach used in evangelistic campaign is so broad and varied to meet the diverse needs of target souls. This approach is deemed suitable for two reasons. First, the components (modes of delivery) of the conventional approach to evangelism such as preaching, teaching, witnessing, and miracles still dominates evangelism today. Second, it prescribes a blend of the essential elements in evangelism while prioritising the needs of target listeners.
1.11 METHODOLOGY
This study adopted secondary source of data. The secondary data will be collected from the extant literature and documents on evangelism. Both written and electronic sources of document are considered appropriate for the study.

The main focus of this work is to design a holistic approach to evangelism. Study seeks to determine the nature of a holistic approach to evangelism, outline the process involved in designing a holistic approach to evangelism and, to determine a criteria for measuring effectiveness or otherwise of the holistic approach to evangelism. To this end, this study adopts positivist philosophy. Most descriptive analytical researches are approached from the perspective of positivist philosophy. A research philosophy is a belief about the way in which data about a phenomenon should be gathered, analysed and used. Positivist philosophy posits that reality is stable and can be observed and describe from an objective viewpoint. Like many other human behaviour, this study considers the behaviour of non-believers as observable and subject to scientific interpretation. It holds the view that there are objective truths in the world that could be tested, verified through scientific investigations.

Positivistic methodologies include surveys, experimental studies, longitudinal studies, and cross-sectional studies. This study adopts analytical survey which involves selecting analysis of existing methods of evangelism. The study adopted a conceptual framework and proposes some hypotheses for further experimentation in evangelistic campaigns. This descriptive approach, according to Creswell, involves the gathering of information about the present existing condition, and answers the questions of whom, what, where, when and how. Following this, the researcher adopted and analytical model that incorporates the 4Ws of evangelism. The model is used to develop five research hypotheses to be tested with the available data collected from modelled evangelistic campaigns.


CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.0 INTRODUCTION
The previous chapter introduced the study, identifies the research gap by way of problem statement, outlined the objective of the study, its significance as well as the scope and limitation of the study. This chapter reviews the extant literature both theoretical and empirical that underpins the study. The analytical framework and data diagnostics is also dealt with in this chapter.

2.1 DIVERSITY
There is much discussion on diversity, especially in the business field than any other field. The widening differences in population indicates that academic work on diversity will continue to increase for a foreseeable future, and the significance attached such discussion will not wane, at least for this millennium. Globalization has resulted an unbridled interaction among people from diverse, cultures, beliefs, and backgrounds than ever before. Now the environment is opened and diffused with diverse ideological beliefs and lifestyles are that pose great challenge dogmatism and conservatism. For this reason, to be attractive to all different people for whom Christ came to die, the church needs diversity to become more creative and open to change. Therefore, exploiting socio-cultural diversity has become an important issue for evangelism today. Since managing diversity remains a significant organizational challenge, ministers must learn the managerial skills needed in a multicultural work environment. Evangelism and all workers of the gospel must be prepared to teach themselves and others within their churches to value multicultural differences in both believers and non-believers so that everyone is treated as potential candidate for the kingdom of God. What is diversity and why must it be considered crucial for evangelism today?

2.1.1 DIVERSITY DEFINED
Diversity has been defined variously. Barbara Mazur thinks of diversity as a "subjective phenomenon", created by group of people to distinguish themselves from others. This means that what a group different is the "characteristic on which they base their own social identity" Wellner also conceptualized "diversity as representing a multitude of individual differences and similarities that exist among people." For David Washington "diversity can encompass many different human characteristics such as race, age, creed, national origin, religion, ethnicity, sexual orientation." Katharine Esty, Richard Griffin, and Marcie Schorr-Hirsh defined broadly "as acknowledging, understanding, accepting, valuing, and celebrating differences among people with respect to age, class, ethnicity, gender, physical and mental ability, race, sexual orientation, spiritual practice, and public assistance status."
To the serve the purpose of convenience, this study adopts the definition of Loden and Rosener who define diversity as "that which differentiates one group of people from another along primary and secondary dimensions." However, distinction between primary and secondary dimension may differ with culture. For example in the Western Countries one's family may regarded as secondary diversity, but this is not so in Africa where family ties is regarded are a natural defining characteristic of a person.
Table 1. Dimensions of Diversity
Primary dimensions
Secondary dimensions
Tertiary dimensions
Ethnicity
Gender
Age
Disability
Race
Religion
Family status
Culture
Sexual orientation

Thinking style
Geographic origin
Lifestyle
Economic status
Political orientation
Work experience
Education
Language
Nationality

Beliefs
Assumptions
Perceptions
Attitudes
Feelings
Values
Group norms

Source: based on R. Rijamampinina, T. Carmichael, A Pragmatic and Holistic
Approach to Managing Diversity. Problems and Perspectives in Management,
1/2005, p. 109.

Primary dimensions of diversity include gender, ethnicity, race, sexual orientation, age and mental or physical abilities and other characteristics exerting primary influences on our identities. The basic function of the primary dimensions is to shape our basic self-image as well as our fundamental world views. Also, secondary dimensions include: educational background, geographic location, work style, work experience, military experience, organizational role and level, income and communication style, which impact on our self-esteem and self-definition as people. Rijamampinina and Carmichael regard family status, religion, and sexual orientation are secondary perhaps due to their cultural orientation. Here is Africa, these are so glued to our identity more than being defined by them.

2.1.2 DIVERSITY IN EVANGELISM
The nature of evangelism makes it essential to consider diversity in planning evangelistic campaigns. The goal of evangelism is to "share the gospel and lead other to accept Jesus Christ as their personal savour, embrace Him as their soon-coming Lord, unite their life with the church" while living constantly by the teachings to become a mature and discipling minister. The targets of the evangelistic campaigns differ which evidently suggests the need for different approaches and methods in reaching out to the target audience.

There are so many children facing abuses and spiritual attacks who have to be drawn to Jesus, underprivileged in our communities who have to be shown the love of Jesus Christ, many rich people who have to be shown that Jesus can give them eternal peace and security, many people struggling with addiction and vices that have to be directed to Jesus who saves to the uttermost. It is difficult and maybe unrealistic to expect to get all these target groups at one place at the same time. "Evangelism is mission activity which makes explicit and unambiguous the centrality of the incarnation, suffering and resurrection of Jesus Christ without setting limits to the saving grace of God." It seeks to share this good news not only with all who have not yet heard it but, also with those who have heard it but based on false Christ doctrines, and invites them all to an experience of life in Christ.
While the method of evangelism remain statically scriptural, the approaches are subject to place and occasion. Therefore, different approaches must be devised to meet the diverse characteristics of target audience. For instance, while workshops and seminars may be the effective way to reach out the educated elite, it may not be as effective as camporees in reaching out to the youth. Sports may also be an effective approach to reach out to the youth than public evangelistic campaigns. Besides, target audience are found in diverse place from hotels, streets, funeral grounds, stadiums, schools and institutions and workplaces. An evangelist must understand these differences and devise strategies for reaching to these people.

2.1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF DIVERSITY
Ample evidence suggest that diversity is very significant for organisation growth, especially in areas of decision making, competitiveness and growth, employee relations, strategic advantage, and tapping into new areas. These advantages are enjoyed mostly by business organisation that buy the diversity concept. Some scholars of University of Florida, describe the benefit of in an organisation diversity as follows:
"A diverse workforce is a reflection of a changing world and marketplace. Diverse work teams bring high value to organizations. Respecting individual differences will benefit the workplace by creating a competitive edge and increasing work productivity. Diversity management benefits associates by creating a fair and safe environment where everyone has access to opportunities and challenges. Management tools in a diverse workforce should be used to educate everyone about diversity and its issues, including laws and regulations. Most workplaces are made up of diverse cultures, so organizations need to learn how to adapt to be successful.
The Church as an organisation benefits greatly from diversity. God the Holy Spirits meets diverse needs of the church by given diverse powers and gifts to pastors. He gives (1) the message of wisdom, (2) knowledge, (3) faith, (4) gift of healing, (5) miraculous powers, (6) prophecy, (7) distinguishing between spirits, (8) speaking in tongues and, (9) interpretation of tongues (1 Corinthians 12:4-11 NIV). In the Church, "diversity in spiritual gifts is one of the main ways God accomplishes His redemptive purpose in and through each individual Christian." All these gifts are needed for the perfection of the Church as one body of Christ. Any denomination with majority of these spiritual gifts will perform better than others with few. Therefore, as a church we need pray for the endowment of different spiritual gifts.

Again, understanding diversity will help churches, evangelists and ministers to devise strategies to meet the diverse needs of church members and to reach out to the non-believers. We are in an era where one-size-fits-all methods, approaches and strategies are frowned upon as parochial. Deep understanding of diversity is need for devising a holistic evangelistic approach, such as the one devised in the next chapter.

2.1.4 CHALLENGES OF DIVERSITY
Diversity comes also with many challenges. Green et al think that "managing diversity is more than simply acknowledging differences in people. It involves recognizing the value of differences, combating discrimination, and promoting inclusiveness". Truly many churches are losing members due to "prejudice and discrimination and complaints" against pastors' insensitivity to needs of some members.
Secondly, evangelism means pastors and church elders have to be opened minded in their teachings making different programmes and the same programmes in different ways sustain the interest of members.

In problem-solving situations, extraordinary costs in time and financial resources can negate the benefits of synergy, and can even degenerate into dysfunctional conflicts in the church. For example, soon after their formal organisation by the South Ghana Conference, the Kwabenya SDA Church remained divided for months due to different approaches used in solving misunderstanding over financial records and handing over. That is how far diversity in the church can go. The root of the problem was uncertainty which the interveners refused to acknowledge and address. Thus, "diversity does not fare as well under conditions of uncertainty and complexity which may lead to confusion and frustration. Diversity can make it harder to arrive at an agreement on a particular course of action."

2.2 MEANING OF EVANGELISM
The word evangelism comes from the Greek word "euangelistes" ( eu) aggelisth/$ ) which literary means "a messenger of good" (eu, "well," angelos, "a messenger"), denotes a "preacher of the gospel," Acts 21:8; Ephesian 4:11, which makes clear the distinctiveness of the function in the churches; 2 Timothy 4:5. Cf. euangelizo, "to proclaim glad tidings," and euangelion, "good news, gospel." Missionaries are "evangelists," as being essentially preachers of the gospel.

Again, the Online Etymology Dictionary traces evangelism to 1620s word "evangel + -ism", or else from Medieval Latin evangelismus which means "a spreading of the Gospel," from Late Latin evangelium "good news, gospel," from Greek euangelion. This kind of meaning is echoed in Armstrong's definition "Evangelism is proclaiming in word and deed the good news of the kingdom of God and calling people to repentance, to personal faith in Jesus Christ as Lord and Saviour, to active membership in the church, and to obedient service in the world."

2.2 DEFINING EVANGELISM
It is common knowledge that the "church grows and spread its influence in the community and around the word." But evangelism is easily understood than defined. Many people understand evangelism as "sharing the word of God". But it "is more than a public declaration of doctrine or prophecy, significant as these may be." Evangelism is defined in a more practical way in The Seventh-Day Adventist Elder's Handbook as involving all that Christ's disciples shared, declared, and lived as recipients of God grace. "To evangelize is to share the gospel and lead others to accept Jesus as their personal saviour, embrace him as their soon-coming Lord, and unit their life with his church.

Also, Ben Johnson offers two separate definitions for evangelism: contextual and developmental definition. Contextual definition of evangelism, according to Johnson, is a "given" and an "interpretation". What is "given" is that "The revelation of the eternal God in Jesus Christ took place at a particular time, in a particular person, with a particular interpretation of that event." The interpretation suggest that "The incarnation and the new situation which it creates centre in specific facts, but these facts must be interpreted, that is, they must be communicated in a form the hearer can understand. The contextually evangelism is simply a process by which the 'given' word of God, the good news is meaningfully interpreted and communicated to hearers. "For the message to gain an audience, we must contextualise it. We must communicate in a culturally in a culturally appropriate, effective, and relevant way".

The developmental definition of evangelism considers "the life stage of the recipient as well as the cultural context". "Developmentally, evangelism always has a before and after." This definition borrows from the biological theory of human development. Every human being understand unreturnable journey from birth and childhood to old age and death. Evangelism must continue to flow like river as the individual makes a "conscious decision of faith, and "continue to change and grow".

It is obvious that all the definitions above, the etymological, contextual and developmental definition, are aspects of the whole. They depict evangelism by emphasising what seems to be separable content of evangelism. In this study, evangelism is considered as a continuous process by which the good news is presented to meet the diverse needs of listeners. First, as a process, evangelism is methodical comprising of various tested, conventional or traditional and unconventional methods, such as preaching, giving, healing, teaching, counselling, seminar, workshops inter alia. Again, as process evangelism is time bound. It begins with introducing Jesus to the non-believers, urging them to accept Jesus, strengthening their faith through fellowship activities, and maintain them in the faith and the church. It is continuous because the believer is be taught to observe all that Jesus through the Holy Spirit has revealed to the church. A person's need of evangelism ends at death because the death has no need of evangelism (Ecclesiastes 9:10).

Second, the good news is a given message of and about Christ for the church that must not be added to or subtracted from (Isaiah 8:20, Revelation 22:19, 19). The whole scripture is theological and every passage must be presented in a way that reveals Christ's divinity, creative powers, incarnation, birth, life, crucifixion, resurrection, ascension, judgement and second coming. This whole message must be packaged and presented in the context of love to the non-believer. The efficacy of the redemptive power of the word of God must be display as thread of any evangelical activity.

Third, the presentation of the good news is crucial aspect of the process of evangelism. It concerns the very method and platforms by which the message is to be conveyed to the non-believer. The traditional methods of conveying the message have been specified already in the scriptures as comprising preaching (Mathew 3:1), teaching (Mathew 28:20, 2 Timothy 3:10), healing (1:34), testimony (2 Timothy 1:8, John 15:26), witnessing (Acts 1:8, Luke 24:48), and other such as exhortation, giving inter alia. While the method for conveying the message remain unchanged, the contemporary times however presents increasingly diverse platforms for presentation of the message, the message can be presented on such platforms as temples, streets arena and parks, gardens, seminars, workshops, sharing of tracks, social media, sports activities, filming, and partying.

2.2 METHODS OF EVANGELISM
Many methods of evangelism have been proposed by evangelists, Christian authors, and pastors. John Christy has proposed three methods; Roman Road, Servant Evangelism, and Evangelism Explosion. The application of these methods is based on the assumption of having willing listeners. For instance, when an evangelist come face-to-face with people who are ready for the word of God, then he or she can chose either the Servant Evangelism or the Roman Road. While the Roman Road is described as "an intellectual evangelistic method of sharing the Gospel which uses a systematic approach in laying out the plan of salvation through Bible verses in the book of Romans", the Servant Evangelism method seeks to reach people with love, compassion and service done with a kind heart, a generous attitude and an embracing smile. John Christy thinks that the "won" can be trained to "win" others by using a method called Evangelism Explosion which "offers an on-the-job training approach to bring people face to face with non-Christians in sharing the Christian message. These methods do not take into consideration the 'needs' and 'characteristics' of the 'willing listeners'. They should be taken as approaches of delivery. For instance, for which category of the willing listeners should the evangelist use servant evangelism method?

Teddy Levron mentions about 14 methods of evangelism. Among them are: Using Gospel Tracts for personal evangelism; Using your personal testimony; Outdoor education ministries - Outdoor Evangelism; Door-To-Door Ministry - Winning Souls, one household at a time, Sidewalk Sunday School Health Fairs , Community Events , Holiday Related Events, After School Programs, Benevolence Ministries, Neighbourhood Night Out, Back To School Events, and Disaster Relief Ministry. While by examining these 14 methods of evangelism one can easily see that Levron takes into consideration diversity among people, it is not so clear with the exact message and the approach of delivery after meeting with willing audience. For instance, during Holiday Related Events, what message should the evangelist present, and by what approach?
CHAPTER THREE
DEVELOPING A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR EVANGELISM
3.0 INTRODUCTION
Chapter two introduced the literature framework. In this chapter the focuses of the nature, characteristics of the conceptual framework and its application in designing an evangelistic campaigns.

3.1 WHAT IS HOLISTIC APPROACH TO EVANGELISM?
To reiterate, in this study, evangelism is defined as a continuous process by which the Holy Spirit through human agents presents the good news to meet the diverse needs of people in order to win them for Christ. In ever increasing diversifying society, a holistic approach to evangelism is what can make evangelistic campaigns more attractive to target audience. What then is this holistic approach? What are its imperatives?

A holistic approach to evangelism is the systematic integration of different plans and methods for conveying the good news to meet diverse needs of different target audience and wining them for Jesus Christ. An approach to evangelism is holistic if it involves, under the direction of Holy Spirit, a systematic integration of the given message, the given method, the place or the arena and the goal of connecting the target soul to the saving grace of God. The most essential feature of this approach is its recognition and application of understanding of diversity in the society.

3.2 IMPERATIVES OF THE HOLISTIC APPROACH
The holistic approach makes the Bible the centre and the root of the content and method of evangelistic campaign. Of course God has it all; whatever the sinner needs to hear, believe and live on. He also has the means, all illuminated in the scripture. The church has nothing on her own neither the evangelist anything to offer, except to serve as a means by which the Holy Spirit searches for and invites the sinner.

The holistic approach is goal-oriented. The holistic approach is purposeful. Its aim is to direct the church's efforts achieving the goal of evangelism. The Lord Jesus set the goal of every evangelistic campaign when He gave the great commission. The goal is evangelistic campaign is three-fold: (1) to makes disciples for Christ, (2) to baptize them in the name of the father, the Son the Holy Spirit and, (3) to teach them to obey everything Jesus taught (Mathew 28:19, 20). These goals are not to be compromised. Every stage of the systematic approach must take into account this goal.

A holistic evangelistic campaign is systematic. This means that it is well organised. Organisation is imperative because the evangelism is not the work of an individual acting alone separately from the church. It is the Church that plans, organises, directs, and evaluates evangelistic campaigns. The church acts upon the direction of the Holy Spirit and harnesses individual talents and efforts in spreading the good news. As can be seen in the conceptual framework, the church represents the instrumental network by which the Holy Spirit connects the message, method and, place to the target soul.

A holistic evangelic approach is a systematic plan. The holistic approach involves five stages: Planning, Preparation, Execution, Nurturing and Maintenance stages. The systematic plan must takes into account all these stages recognising the time-bound nature of each stage of the campaign. The goal of the campaign has to be set at the planning state and carried through to the maintenance stage.

The holistic approach is integrative. The holistic approach answers five "W" questions. These questions are about WHAT MESSAGE, WHAT METHOD, WHOM, WHERE and WHEN. It is the Christ method. It comprises all the methods the Lord used to reach out to His targets. The integrative approach involves preaching, teaching, healing, feeding, counselling, and nurturing. The diverse needs of people were met when the Lord preached, taught, fed, counselled, and nurtured. These methods are integrated into a single campaign.

The holistic approach is sensitive to the diverse needs of target audience. The target audience is both specific and generic. In general sense every non-believer is a target audience. Within this broad category are people delineated by distinctive characteristic who have to be treated differently. This means that primary and secondary dimension of diversity must help determine the specific method and places of evangelism.

The Holistic Approach to evangelism is Holy Spirit is directed by the Holy Spirit. God the Holy Spirit guides into all truth (John 16:13). He convicts the world of sin in regard to righteousness and judgement (John 16:8), He empowers human effort (Acts 1:8) He understands the needs of every human being (2 Corinthian 3:18). He invites the sinner (Revelation 22:17). Without the Holy Spirit the Apostles could do nothing and we also cannot accomplish anything without Him.

3.3 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE HOLISTIC APPROACH
The conceptual framework is built on the hypothesis that: More souls will be won to Christ if the approach used in evangelistic campaign is so broad and varied to meet the diverse needs of target souls. This framework comprises five components which are also the pillars of the framework: the given message, the given method, the place or the arena, the target and, the church or the evangelist. The relationship between and among these components are exhibited in figure 1 below. The church plays only a linking role in the network of salvation. Evangelism is by nature an inter-relational process that connect the given message, the method, the place and the target people to a given ultimate goal. The ultimate goal of evangelism is soul winning. The sinners and non-believers are to be made God-conscious, brought back into a relationship with Him, accept Jesus Christ as his or her Personal Saviour, keep the faith of Jesus Christ and observe the commandment of God. Put simply, the goal of evangelism is the salvation of lost souls.
FIGURE 1: HOLISTIC EVANGELISM APPROACH
Author, 2014Author, 2014The ChurchThe ChurchTHE PLACETHE GIVEN METHODTHE TARGET (PEOPLE)THE GIVEN MESSAGEHOLY SPIRITTHE PLACETHE GIVEN METHODTHE TARGET (PEOPLE)THE GIVEN MESSAGEHOLY SPIRIT
Author, 2014
Author, 2014
The Church
The Church
THE PLACE
THE GIVEN METHOD
THE TARGET
(PEOPLE)
THE GIVEN MESSAGE
HOLY SPIRIT
THE PLACE
THE GIVEN METHOD
THE TARGET
(PEOPLE)
THE GIVEN MESSAGE
HOLY SPIRIT



3.4 ASSUMPTIONS OF THE FRAMEWORK
Five main assumptions underline this framework. The first assumption is that God has put in place the plan of salvation. The decision to save and restore fallen human is God's own plan. Second, within God plan of Salvation, the saving message has already been given as Jesus. This message accurately recorded in the Bible which allows for only teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness. It cannot be added to or subtracted from (Isaiah 8:20, Revelation 22:18). Third, that the message came with it the methods needed to carry it to target soul. Fourth, that the target soul (fallen humanity) is constantly moving away from God and needs to invited back to God. Sixth, that target souls have diverse needs and would only response to God's call when they perceive that their need can be met. Lastly, that God in His own wisdom has appointed the church to take part and be the instrument for reaching the lost humanity through the Holy Spirit.
The Message
The Method
The Place
The Target
Jesus was the promised messiah
Jesus is the saviour.
Jesus will come again
If you love Jesus keep His commandment

Witnessing
Bible studies
Revival
Prayer
Training
Community outreach
Adaptation
Socialization
Home visitation
Seminar and workshop
Temple crusade
Public platform crusade


On the streets
Markets and stores
Homes
Recreational centres
Party
Church
Crusade
Camp meetings
Hiking
Sport grounds
Funeral grounds
Schools
Children
Youth
Students
Adults
Market men women
Drivers
Artisans
The outcasts
The displaced

In this study, evangelism is presented as the work of God the Holy Spirit. God the Holy Spirit is here with us continuing the redemption work of the Lord Jesus Christ. The Godhead have the same goal toward the salvation of the fallen human (Titus 3:5; 1Timothy 2:3, Mathew 1:21, Romans 1:16). The Holy Spirit built the church (Ephesians 2:22) and He is the one reveals Jesus Christ to people (Luke 2:26). He represented by the circle, so that everything that happens is by Him and through Him. He guides into all truth (John 16:13), convicts the world of sin (John 16:8), empowers human effort (Acts 1:8) transforms the sinner (2 Corinthian 3:18), invites the sinner (Revelation 22:17). The church provides the cooperative environment for the salvation of souls.
Evangelism is about revealing the truth and mystery of God to people in order to save them. This is exactly what the Holy Spirit does (I Corinthians 2:9-10; Ephesians 3:3-5). God the Holy Spirit is the source of inspiration, He reveals the truth to the messengers of the Word, teach them and guides to all truth as well as endow them with the courage to speak the Word. (Luke 12:11-12; Mathew 10:19, 20; Acts 4:31; 2 Timothy 3:16; John 14:26)
First, as a process, evangelism is methodical comprising of various tested, conventional or traditional and unconventional methods, such as preaching, giving, healing, teaching, counselling, seminar, workshops inter alia. Again, as process evangelism is time bound. It begins with introducing Jesus to the non-believers, urging them to accept Jesus, strengthening their faith through fellowship activities, and maintain them in the faith and the church. It is continuous because the believer is be taught to observe all that Jesus through the Holy Spirit has revealed to the church. A person's need of evangelism ends at death because the death has no need of evangelism (Ecclesiastes 9:10).

Second, the good news is a given message of and about Christ for the church that must not be added to or subtracted from (Isaiah 8:20, Revelation 22:19). The whole scripture is theological and every passage must be presented in a way that reveals Christ's divinity, creative powers, incarnation, birth, life, crucifixion, resurrection, ascension, judgement and second coming. This whole message must be packaged and presented in the context of love of God to the non-believer. The efficacy of the redemptive power of the word of God must be display as thread of any evangelical activity. The truth of message is revealed by the Holy Spirit.

Whatever for evangelism takes, on whatever the platform, whatever the occasion, the message has been given and it is Christ. Arrais says "scripture is the foundation of every good sermon. … When it comes to good preaching, the Bible is where the power is." John A. Broadus define preaching as "the proclamation of the God's message by a chosen personality to meet the needs of humanity." He goes on to say that "The message which the Christian preacher proclaims is a given message. He does not create it. It has been revealed. Every basic idea which the Christian preacher needs has been given to him." Prophet Isaiah said "To the law and to the Testimony! If they do not speak according to this word, they have no light of dawn" (8:20 NIV). While creative and innovation are very essential in the presentation of the message they are useless when it come selecting the message to present; for not only is the message given, the selection of the message is the work of the Holy Spirit.

Third, the presentation of the good news is crucial aspect of the process of evangelism. It concerns the very method and platforms by which the message is to be conveyed to the non-believer. The traditional methods of conveying the message have been specified already in the scriptures as comprising preaching (Mathew 3:1), teaching (Mathew 28:20, 2 Timothy 3:10), healing (1:34), testimony (2 Timothy 1:8, John 15:26), witnessing (Acts 1:8, Luke 24:48), and other such as exhortation, giving inter alia. While the method for conveying the message remain unchanged, the contemporary times however presents increasingly diverse platforms for presentation of the message, the message can be presented on such platforms as temples, streets arena and parks, gardens, seminars, workshops, sharing of tracks, social media, sports activities, filming, and partying.

In evangelism the church is only an instrument. It is God who by His abundant grace has put in place a plan of salvation through Jesus Christ to save and restore the fallen human generation. There is no much that the church can do apart from submitting herself as instrument by Jesus Christ through the Holy Spirit will invite sinners to accept Jesus Christ and be saved (Mark 16: 16). The Holy Spirit has revealed the message and the methods, He has also taken control over place and knows where the target soul are dying. The church is called upon to be medium for reaching these dying souls.

3.5. APPLICATION OF THE HOLISTIC APPROACH EVANGELISM
The holistic approach is systematic and has to be planned well. The approach sees evangelism as involving four stages from start to the end. These stages are Planning, Preparation, Execution, and Nurturing and Maintenance stages. If these stages are planned and implemented well there can be no measure of the great work that Holy Spirit will accomplish through human agents.

Stage 1: Planning Stage
The planning stage involves putting in place the needed arrangement for evangelism. This involves the process of thinking about and organizing the activities required to carry on evangelistic campaign. Planning involves the creation and maintenance of an evangelism strategic plan. The Personal Ministry Council of every church should have evangelism strategic plan made for five years and broken down into yearly measurable programmes. The strategic plan is to be comprehensive taking as is its core questions whom to contact, when to start, where to start, what message to give, what method to use, what resources to use and what to do when you are evangelising. The yearly programmes should also be broken down into quarterly measurable specific activity line for the purpose of weekly report.

Once the strategic plan is made, the council meets at this point to make specific decisions about how evangelistic campaign is be carried out for the year. At this stage plans are made on the preparation, execution, nurturing and maintenance stages. Unity and cooperation with the Holy Spirit is to be sought in prayers and fasting by the church. The planning stage seeks answers to the following questions:
What is the goal for this year or quarter evangelistic campaign?
What message and materials are to be shared with the target audience?
Who are the targets for this year evangelistic campaign?
Who are going to be involved in the campaign?
What form is this year or quarter campaign going to take?
What methods are to be used for sharing the message?
Which individuals and committees are going to responsible for what?
When is the purposeful campaign going to begin?
How is the campaign to be financed?
How is result going to be measured?
The PMC is to assign specific tasks to sub-committees to plan on these questions where necessary. Two other committees are suggested. The PM Department is to prepare unique messages that will befit each category of target audience. This committee should be responsible to segmenting target audience based on the appropriate characteristics and designing preparing massage that addresses their specific concerns. Also, there should be finance committee to work on raising funds for the yearly evangelistic campaign. The PM department is to be up and doing in facilitating the entire planning process.

Stage 2: Preparation Stage
The preparation stage involves harnessing efforts, training the laity, acquiring the materials, engaging in feasibility studies of the area, raising funds, drawing the visitation plan and laying down the procedures to be used for monitoring and evaluating results. The various sub-committees are to be set to task at this level. This stage answer five main questions:
What message and materials are to be shared with the target audience?
Who are going to be involved in the campaign? Have they be trained?
What methods are to be used for sharing the message? Do the participants understand the methods?
How is the campaign to be financed?
How is result going to be measured?
The message is to be prepared by the Personal Ministry Leader and Secretary and evaluated by the Council. The material in the form of books, hand-outs, leaflets, fliers, lessons (VOP or any other), pens and notepad to be made available to the ministry. A special training to be conducted for individuals willing to take place. I conducted one of such training for interested members at Kwabenya SDA church and the result was fantastic at least for that quarter. The laity should be conversant with selected methods- preaching, witnessing, testimonies, canvasing, door-to-door, provisions of physical needs. Again, the church must make provision for financial resources to be used for catering for the needs of the campaign including supporting the laity in food.


Stage 3: Execution Stage
Based on the strategic plan, preparation has been made for the evangelistic campaign. Now it is time to put the plan into action. The Personal Ministry must makes sure that all individual efforts are monitored, recorded and integrated into the overall plan. Every effort toward non-believers must be in line with the plan. Of course, the Holy Spirit cannot be controlled by the Church, however when the Spirit is in control, there will be unity of purpose and actions. Execution plan must make sure that there are among the individuals and groups those taking care of specific target groups, such as children, Muslims, drivers, artisans, storekeepers etc. The individuals or groups should be trained to know how to approach their targets audience. Different method are to be used based on the needs on the targets. The target analysis must have been done.

The entire church is to be made aware of the evangelism strategic plan and the various arrangement made the year and quarter. Time for carrying our evangelistic campaigns should not be comprised with meetings. All talents are to be recruited for the purpose of soul winning. It is important to build a monitoring plan into the execution stage. Every quarter's evangelistic efforts should be crowned with a mini temple crusade or a special events such as friends' day, communion day, bible seminar or workshop that will invite all those who have been contacted during the quarter. The end of this stage is baptism. It important to make sure that people are made to know Christ before they are baptised into the church. It will be a mistake to baptised people have not known and accepted Christ's saving message.


Stage 4: Nurturing and Maintenance Stage
Nurturing is a process of helping new believers grow up to be an accepted members of the Christian community. The Lord emphasised nurturing when he said "And teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age" (Mathew 28:20, NIV). The new believer is to be nurtured in the Christian principle and culture which are based on the Bible. They are to be encouraged to join the regular meetings. The personal ministry leaders, deacons and deaconesses must be closer to them to answer their questions and clear their doubts at this level.

A member among the deacons and deaconesses is to be assigned to each new convert. Visitation and calling should be among the acts of love to be shown to the new converts. Existing members are to be warn to be careful not to put behaviour that be a stumbling block to the new converts. Prayer, bible studies, peace, love, care, forgiveness and exhortation should be emphasized in the church. The church should give to the new converts as part of this stage Bibles, hymnals, notepad and pens any book that is necessary to help them grow in the church.

The nurturing stage must involve maintenance activities. This is very important though some churches do not see it as such. To maintain new converts in the church, there are some prerequisites that must be place. First, the church is to be seen as pursuing the ideal state that the newly converts expected before coming into the church. The ideal state is when the church do programmes and activities that meets the five basic needs of people. According to Pastor Abbey every human being is a physical being beset with physical and spiritual problems. The church is to meet every person on his or her own grounds in order to guide them physically and spiritually and meet their needs. To do this every programme or sermon is to cover five main basic areas of life where all human cherish satisfaction in life –love, prestige, recognition, wealth and security.

Pastor Abbey shows how the church can meet the needs of members both old and new. To this the church must recognise that (1) the soul has a need, (2) Jesus is the supplier of need and, (3) Soul mush have Jesus to possess need. He illustrates this with a psychological triangular dynamics shown below. Every programme for the quarter and every sermon on the Sabbath must meet this triangular dynamics.
Soul must have Jesus to possess NeedSoul has NeedJesus is Supplier of NeedNEEDJESUSSOUL[Adopted from Giving That Benefit by Pastor Abbey]Soul must have Jesus to possess NeedSoul has NeedJesus is Supplier of NeedNEEDJESUSSOUL[Adopted from Giving That Benefit by Pastor Abbey]
Soul must have Jesus to possess Need
Soul has Need
Jesus is Supplier of Need
NEED
JESUS
SOUL
[Adopted from Giving That Benefit by Pastor Abbey]



Soul must have Jesus to possess Need
Soul has Need
Jesus is Supplier of Need
NEED
JESUS
SOUL
[Adopted from Giving That Benefit by Pastor Abbey]











Pastor Abbey give three reasons why this dynamic needs to be taken serious. First he has observed that because humans are physical beings they try to solve even their spiritual problems using physical methods. Second, as they sit in the tent during evangelistic campaigns or homes during Bible studies, their basic needs pre-occupied their minds. Third, the soul expect to have these needs supplied by Jesus. Therefore, "to keep souls in the church, they must be convinced that as they follow Jesus spiritually, their basic needs would be satisfied in physical manifestations." While the church assist members in their physical needs, the ultimate goal is heaven. Every member who wants to see Jesus in the second coming must make it with the help of the church.

3.5 CRITERIA FOR MONITORING EVANGELISTIC CAMPAIGN
Monitoring and evaluation is very important aspect of every project. It does not only provide remedial actions, it redirects goals and efforts. Elizabeth Lloyd (2010) define program monitoring as a process of collecting "data at a number of points during program implementation to ensure that the program is running smoothly and achieving its objectives according to plan." This means that monitoring is the systematic and routine collection of data during evangelistic campaign for the purpose of establishing whether a campaign is moving towards the set objectives.

The monitoring must be in-built in the strategic plan. PMC is to meet every month compulsorily to evaluate how the month campaign fared. The PMC must set a monitoring committee if necessary to monitor weekly evangelistic campaigns. The PM Leader is to be resourced to be able to contact individual and group leaders who are taken active part in the campaign and performing roles in the various committees. Besides, every Sabbath the PM Secretary must give a vivid report and commend those who put in greater effort and encourage others to follow.
The monitoring committee can be assisted by with following questions?
How many targets people were contacted by group members in the month?
Were the contacts of the target listeners taken?
What were the needs of the target listeners contacted?
Was the group able to meet those needs?
Did the target group show opportunity for soul winning?
What resources or materials were used by the campaign group members?
How many members of the campaign group were able to participate in the weekly or monthly campaign activities?
Which group perform better for the week?
What challenges were encountered by the groups?
How can those challenges be solved?
How many of the target listeners wants to worship with us?
How many of the target listeners have joined us?
How many of the target listeners have been baptised?
At the end of the year, how many of the target listeners who joined us are still with us?
What plans are recommended for nurturing the newly baptised members and those at baptismal class and for winning those who are willing to come?

To sum up, this chapter has addressed the questions on the nature of a holistic approach to evangelism, outlined the process should be followed in designing a holistic approach to evangelism and designed a criteria for measuring effectiveness or otherwise of the holistic approach to evangelism. It important to stress the fact the changing times required seriousness. There are men and women gifted with different mental faculties and spiritual gifts that have to be harnessed for the intensive spreading of the gospel. Nothing should stop any church or any member from responding to the great commission or partaking in this noble task of winning soul for kingdom of Jesus.
The next chapter provides a summary of the entire study.



CHAPTER FOUR
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

4.0 INTRODUCTION
The previous chapters provided background for the study, the problem statement, objectives, the literature review, the conceptual framework, how it will be applied and evaluated. This chapter provides the summary, conclusions and recommendations and also highlights some of the limitations of the study as well as provide directions for future research in the area.

4.1 SUMMARY OF THE RESEARCH PROCESS
Existing conventional methods of evangelism operation on the assumption that all non-believers need salvation and therefore have salvation of top of their scale of preference. While the initial of this assumption is true, the second aspect is faulty because it is unrealistic to suppose that salvation lies on top of the scale of preference of each non-believer. This faulty assumption thrives on the lack of a conceptual framework for designing an evangelistic campaign. The purpose of this study was to develop a conceptual framework for designing holistic approach to evangelism that will take into account specific needs of non-believers and their unique characteristics.

The study had three main objectives. First was to determine the nature of a holistic approach to evangelism and design framework to imbibe this nature. The second was to outline the process that should be followed in designing a holistic approach to evangelism. The third was to design a criteria for measuring effectiveness or otherwise of the holistic approach to evangelism.

To achieve these objectives the study adopted descriptive analytical approach based on secondary data. The literature review provided elements and variables for developing a framework for designing an evangelistic campaign. In the end the provided was to serve as a model for testing five hypotheses. Five main assumptions underline this framework. The first assumption is that God has put in place the plan of salvation. Second, within God plan of Salvation, the saving message has already been given as Jesus. Third, that the message came with it the methods needed to carry it to target soul. Fourth, that the target soul (fallen humanity) is constantly moving away from God and needs to invited back to God. Sixth, that target souls have diverse needs and would only response to God's call when they perceive that their need can be met. Lastly, that God in His own wisdom has appointed the church to take part and be the instrument for reaching the lost humanity through the Holy Spirit.

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
The study found that holistic approach to evangelism involves a systematic integration of the given message, the given method, the place or the arena and the goal of connecting the target soul to the saving grace of God. By nature this approach is to be goal-oriented, systematic, integrative and, sensitive to the diverse needs of target audience. The most essential feature of this approach is its recognition and application of understanding of diversity in the society.

The second was that evangelism is a process and in designing a holistic approach to evangelism three steps are to be followed. The first step is to understand the framework designing the campaign this framework involves the integration of the given message, the given method, the place and the target audience under the guidance of the Holy Spirit. The second step involves four stages: Planning stage, preparation stage, execution stage and nurturing and maintenance stage. The third step is monitoring and evaluation which is to be integrated into the entire process.

With regard to criteria for monitoring, study found it appropriate to build a monitoring system in the strategic plan. PMC is to meet every month compulsorily to evaluate how the month campaign fared. The PMC is to monitoring the campaign using 15 set of questions.

CONCLUSION
It important for the church to realise that the changing times required seriousness to evangelism. The old methods of evangelism needs to be redesigned in order to make them more attractive to the increasing sophistication in the society. Recognising human diversity required a more holistic approach to evangelism. This implies two things. One, there are men and women gifted with different mental faculties and spiritual gifts that have to be harnessed for the intensive spreading of the gospel. Second, the target listeners have diverse needs which they seek to achieve with message. Therefore, the most effective approach to evangelism will be one that integrates the message, the method, and place to the needs of the target listeners, under the auspices of the Holy Spirit. Strategic planning, preparation, execution, nurturing and maintenance are crucial steps in the process. Nothing should stop any church or any member from responding to the great commission or partaking in this noble task of winning soul for kingdom of Jesus.

RECOMMENDATION
The study makes the following recommendation:
First, every church should have a five-year strategic plan for evangelism. The plan should be broken down into year measurable plans for the purposes of monitoring and evaluation.
Second, the study recommends that the educated must be very much involved in evangelism. They can draw the plan, see to its execution, monitor and evaluate outcomes.

Third, the church must ensure that different methods suited to the diverse needs of targets listeners and to the gifts and targets of church members are adopted for evangelistic campaigns. This will ensure that every member participates in the campaign according to their talents and spiritual gifts.

Fourth, the evangelism plans for the year should be discussed at business meetings to solicit massive support from the entire church. This will have positive effect on the fund raising methods.

Fifth, Church elders and pastors are to be integrated to the campaign planning. It should not be left to the personal ministry council with the elders and pastors contribution.


BIBLIOGRAPHY
Abbey, Emmanuel O. Giving That Benefit. Accra: Creative Concepts, 2008.
Armstrong, Richard S. The Pastor-Evangelist in the Parish. Louisville: Westminster John Knox, 1990.
Arrais, Jonas. Wanted: A Good Pastor. Silver Spring: General Conference Ministerial Association, 2011.
Babie, Earl. The Basics of Social Research. USA, Belmont: Thompson: Wadsworth, 2005.
Broadus, John A. On the Preparation and Delivery of Sermons (4th Ed.). New York: Harper & Row, 1979.
Caskey, Guy V. The Gospel Plan of Salvation. Arlington, Texax: Mission Printing , Inc., n.d.
Christy, John. "John Christy." 12 April 2012. http://www.johnchristy.com/Methods-of-Evangelism. Document. 4 November 2014.
Creswell, John W. Research Design: Quantitative, Qualitative and Mixed Approached. 1994.
Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary. 2010.
Heesen, David R. "The Spurgeon Archive." n.d. http://www.spurgeon.org. 3 November 2014.
Jackson, Robert L. Mathis and John H. Human Resource Management. 10th . Vol. International Edition. South-Western: Thomson Learning, 2004.
Johnson, Ben. An Evangelism Primer: Practical principles for congregation. Atlanta: John Knox Press, 1983.
Levron, Teddy. Effective Evangelism Training. 2011. Document. 4 November 2014. .
Lucas, Stephen E. The Art of Public Speaking. 8th. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2004. Book.
Mazur, Barabara. "Cultural Diversity in Organisational Theory and Practice, ." Journal of Intercultural ManagementVol. 2, No. 2, (November 2010,): pp. 5–15.
Neville, Colin. Introduction to Research and Research Methods. Bradford: University of Bradford, 2007.
O'Reilly, C.A., III, Williams, K.Y., Barsade, W,. "Group demography and innovation: Does diversity help? [in:] Gruenfeld D. (Ed.), St. Louis, MO: Elsevier." Research on Managing Groups and Teams, Vol. 1 (1998.): pp. 183–20.
Seventh-Day Adventist Elder's Handbook. Silver Spring: The Ministerial Association, 2013.
Washington, David. The Concept of Diversity. Durham, 18 December 2014. 18 December 2014. .
White, Ellen G. The Desire of Ages. Coldwater: Remnant Publications, 2005. Book.