Intelligent Transport Systems as a service of regional development 1
Dragan Radovanović, dipl. Ecc , Džemail Zornić, PhD2, Rastimir Tiosavljević, dipl. Ecc3 , Enes Hasanović, dipl. Ecc4
1
International University of Brčko Districk, Brčko, BiH
[email protected] 2 Internanional University of Novi Pazar, Department for IT, Serbia
[email protected] 3
Ministry of Word and Social Politics of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
[email protected]
Abstract: In this paper, intelligent transportation systems, with complete infrastructure with special emphasis on the regional and overall development. The work is based on a large number of papers in these areas and experiences from neighboring countries and the practices of the European Union. In this paper we apply the advantages and benefits brought by the use of these systems in singergiji with modern information technology and IT solutions. Key words: Ineligentni Transport Systems, Development, ICT, Transport Strategy Efficient and sustainable mobility The basic condition for achieving a successful modern economy is the existence of the smooth and efficient transport of people and goods. Failure in this area threatens the competitiveness and points to the unsustainable use of transport infrastructure. It has been shown that the ITS application is valid and cost-effective way to support the management and
operation of transportation services. can also help to achieve the following:
They
First Large reduction of road accidents; Second Increase without building
effective
road
capacity
3rd New roads (shown up to 20%); 4th Saving time in the road (estimated total time of one year in the average life expectancy); 5th Significant reduction of pollution caused by vehicles, for example. emissions of carbon dioxide. An increasing number of ITS applications is now available in different models of transport. It is estimated that by 2010. European market for these applications reach 20 billion euros. To ensure maximum benefit, this application must be compatible, which means that their implementation must be based on the strategic framework. The purpose of the system architecture for ITS, or ITS architecture is to provide such a framework. Use of ITS The use of computers extends to almost all fields of human activity, including the transport is no exception. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), which are also called tranportna telematics, including a wide range of tools and services arising from the information and communication technologies. These systems have the potential to provide significant gains in operational efficiency, reliability of services, infrastructure management, as well as improved safety, reduced environmental impact, and valuable information services for transport users. The scope of the system includes systems for: - Automatic Traffic Management; - Support the operations of public transport; - Demand management;
- Passenger information and trip planning services;
boards, in-vehicle, mobile phones, transportation information services are based on the Internet and so on.
- Cargo management and vehicle fleet; - Resolution of emergency services; - Electronic collection;
support
payment
incidents
services
and
and toll
- Advanced technology in the vehicle. The advantages of the integrated ITS - an example On the city's ring road there was a serious accident. It was not until the past 8 o'clock in the morning, but there was congestion in that part of people from the suburbs come to the center to work. Traffic control center should be able to: • determine the nature of the accident; • ensure adequate notification of emergency services; • give priority to through a traffic signal;
emergency
vehicles
• keep other traffic away from the place of accident; • inform the public transport operators of the accident; • Bypass organize and advise drivers on all roads and highways; • inform those who are yet to take the path to be able to change their plans. In order to effectively coordinate these tasks must be fast and reliable flow of information between all participants in the system. This flow can be significantly accelerated if the systems are integrated, for example. If the data is automatically exchanged between highway and city centers to control, if the information is available to operators and users of public transport, as well as drivers of private vehicles, and can be sent to the message
In this example, the integration of the system can provide not only minimize the interruption, but also save lives. ITS architecture provides a systematic mechanism for archiement of objectives and requires all participants - whether public authorities, transport operators, ITS manufacturers or end-users. It therefore facilitates clear communication between them and a valuable support to decision making. Intelligent Architecture
Transportation
Systems
One of the main elements of an ITS Architecture is a list of "the desire of the participants." It consists of a high-level goals and requirements of those involved in the implementation of ITS, for example. users, operators, regulators and providers who are usually called collectively "ITS participants." These wishes are then converted into simple statements that are often called "needs" that are expressed in a form similar to the one in the second column. In addition, the ITS architecture typically includes: - View (or conceptual model) - the top-level diagram that shows the whole system and explains its functioning; - Functional (or logical) architecture (or point of view)-diagrams and specifications that show the functions or processes necessary to meet customer needs; - Physical architecture (or point of view) diagrams and specifications for the physical components and their locations for a specific application; - Communication architecture (or point of view) - the analysis requires communication links are needed between the locations shown in the physical architecture.
National ITS infrastructure ITS expanding more and more countries around the world are creating their own national or regional ITS architecture. First National ITS Architecture napravljenja in the United States. Funded at the U.S. Department of Transportation and published in June 1996. year. The U.S. is now expected that full implementation of ITS is consistent with the architecture. Following the recommendations of the high level, the European Commission decided to fund a project KAREN, whose aim was to develop the European ITS Framework architecture. The first version was published in 2000. year. Since that time, has been updated and expanded throughout the FRAME project and use a growing number of countries as a basis for their national or regional architecture. European ITS framework architecture is designed to provide a flexible 'box' at the high level that individual countries can adapt to their own requirements. Projects of national ITS architecture based on the European ITS Framework architecture, such as ACTIF (France), ARTIST (Italy), TTS (Austria) and TEAM (Czech Republic), therefore, have a common approach and methodology, but each could be focused on aspects of local importance and to develop them further. Unfortunately, Serbia still has no strategy for the development of intelligent transportation systems and consequently their ITS architecture. Outside Europe, other nations, including Japan, China, Chile and Australia have undertaken similar initiatives. Despite the differences in the approaches adopted throughout the world, there is a growing desire to share experiences and explore the possibility of cooperation on the global level on key issues. Time to create infrastructure This will depend on the scale of architecture and a range of services that will be
included. Regional ITS Architecture can be done for 6-12 months, while the completion of the national ITS architecture probably take between 1 and 2 years. Fortunately, most of the work has already been done. European ITS Framework Architecture provides a valuable foundation for the task, and its use can substantially reduce the time required. Human Resources It's more efficient to make less of an ITS Architecture team. Especially during the development of a functional point of view, it is easier to maintain a consistent approach if more than two people working on the translation of the agreed user needs of all participants in the functional point of view. However, additional experts will be needed at different times for consultation and assistance in creating other documents. It is also important to review the resulting ITS architecture major these participants. It serves as a check on its acceptance by the beneficiary of its accuracy and suitability for the application. Intelligent Transport Systems Transport services are now accepted that the simple construction of more roads rarely nearly universal solution to the problem of congestion in road traffic. It is necessary to find ways to manage traffic more efficiently on existing roads and to increase the use of other forms of transport for passengers and cargo. ITS can significantly contribute to these objectives. The first telematic systems that emerged in the late sixties were computerized signal control systems designed to optimize the flow of traffic in cities. Over the years it has developed a growing number of increasingly sophisticated products and systems. The scope of the system that now exist is broad, including support for commercial cargo transportation services and public
transportation, as well as telematics in vehicles and passenger information. They spread to all forms of transportation - not only to the road but also rail, water and air. To be able to exploit their full potential, it is important that these systems work in a coordinated manner across the transport network, not only at national but also at the European level. This can be achieved if there is agreement with the European ITS Framework architecture. The following pages offer a brief description of some of the major transportation services and applications that can be Involved in the implementation of ITS in road transport. Information for Travelers This is one area in which raced ahead. ITS Service providers may offer information to travelers through many different channels, before and during travel, for example. devices in the vehicle services based on the Internet, with messages boards, special kiosks, mobile phones, etc, supporting the choice of the best ways and tracks, as well as information on expenses. ITS is moving towards providing a complete 'travel services': the planning and management of road alignments, to booking tickets and parking spaces. Connection with travel services offer additional services, such as hotel reservations, information about places to visit and so on. ITS in cities Most major urban areas in Europe already used various types of ITS to support the control and management of traffic operations and public transport as well as to enhance and control access. A growing number of public transport sector wants to take advantage of that is obtained by integrating such systems. Examples
• The integration of the control system of traffic management, public transport and provide information for travelers: - To become more regular bus arrivals by giving them priority traffic signals; - Drivers avoid congestion and quickly get to the free parking spaces through automatic routing; - Allow travelers to compare travel information different transport before they start their journey; Provide information that allows passengers to change their travel plans when it comes to accidents and breakdowns. • Interoperability of electronic systems to control access to urban areas through various forms of tolling. Cargo management and vehicle fleet Many ITS applications are available to support drivers and fleet operators in the provision of public transport services or transport commercial cargo, including freight and long-distance delivery of goods in cities. ITS applications can increase the efficiency of operations, encourage the use of different modes of transportation and improve the level of security. Examples 2 • systems for scheduling and 'connect' vehicle, cargo and driver and automatic collection of reports on trips. • The optimal route for the standard and 'non-standard' transport, such as oversized vehicles or hazardous goods. • Monitoring of operations related to vehicle safety, saving the data in the vehicle for responding to inquiries along the road. • Tracking and tracing of commercial vehicles, cargo containers or along their
journey, the monitoring of their physical status, npr.za food or dangerous goods. • Automation of commercial and regulatory documentation following commercial vehicles and goods. • Provide "office in a taxi" for the owners / drivers of vehicles Other services There are a lot of ITS applications designed to support applications and services described in the previous sections. These include non-cash payment for services, resolving incidents and support the activities of law enforcement.
Conclusion The three main advantages that the use of ITS in work zones provided are: an increase in throughput of roads, increasing traffic safety and reducing costs for the reconstruction and rehabilitation of roads. The positive effects of its use include the improvement of communication with the public and with professional services on the road.
Examples 3
The increase in throughput is achieved by transferring information to drivers about current road conditions, so that they can choose the time and the path of its movement. This effect is ITS also be achieved by slowing down the traffic flow of work zone.
• The system of payments, for example. 'Smart card' that allows putnikuda pay for parking, information about road tolls, the use of public transport and so on. This card can also store personal information and preferences, for example. disability and hotel rates. With this system, each service provider receives the correct payment for the service that was given to him.
Increasing security is achieved by making the drivers promptly informed of the existence of a work zone and road conditions (is slowed or stopped traffic). Reducing the number of accidents compared to the expected zones in the works, as well as reducing the consequences of accidents are an indication of increased security.
• Automatic toll collection system that allows the collection of accurate amounts of vehicles, without stopping at toll booths.
Cost savings can be achieved by automating processes that were performed manually, or they were costly, or time-consuming. A small number of staff required to manage work zones is an indication of the savings. It is imperative that the entire system is reliable communication subsystems because their disruption or malfunction disable all other elements of ITS to properly perform their function.
• The system in the vehicle can be generated automatically call for help in case of an accident. Call Center provides emergency service (services) the precise location and guides them to the place with the help of transport management system. • ITS can help to manage the exceptional conditions of road transport, for example. passage of dangerous goods and the management of bridges and tunnels. • ITS can be used for automatic detection of traffic violations, for example. speeding, disregard of traffic signals, along with details of the vehicle has committed a violation. This facilitates the reaction and frees staff for other tasks.
It is important to initially use the system provide a trial period in which all of its elements to be tested. It is necessary in the process of planning the introduction of ITS include all stakeholders and the system adapted to the existing procedures. Coordination is the main mode of development and deployment of ITS in work zones in the application.
Literature
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