Karl Marx Studium Generale University of Twente May 1, 2017
Dr. Nolen Gertz Assistant Professor 20-02-12
of Applied Philosophy
Presentatietitel: aanpassen via Beeld, Koptekst en voettekst
University of Twente
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Part I Who was Karl Marx?
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Karl Marx’s Biography 1818 – Born on May 5 in Trier 1835 – Enters University of Bonn (Law)
1836 – Transfers to Berlin (Philosophy) 1837 – Begins to study Hegel 1842 – Meets Friedrich Engels 1844 – Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts
1845 – Expelled from France Theses on Feuerbach The German Ideology 1848 – Joins German Communist League The Communist Manifesto Expelled from Belgium 1858 – Grundrisse 1864 – Formation of The International Workingman’s Association 1867 – Capital (Volume I)
1883 – Dies on March 13 in London
Part II The Philosophy of Marx
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“[Economics] asserts as a fact, as an event, what it should deduce, namely the necessary relation between two things—between, for example, division of labor and exchange. Theology explains the origin of evil in this manner, by means of the fall of man...”
“The more wealth the worker produces, the more his production increases in power and scope, the poorer he becomes. The more commodities the worker produces, the cheaper a commodity he becomes. The extinction of value from the world of things is directly proportional to the devaluation of the world of men.”
“The product of labor is labor embodied and made material in a thing; it is the objectification of labor. The realization of labor is its objectification. Within political economy, this realization of labor appears as the loss of reality of the worker, objectification appears as the loss of the object and bondage to it; appropriation appears as alienation, as externalization.”
“…the worker is related to the product of his labor as to an alien object. For on this premise it is clear that the more the worker exhausts himself, the more powerful the alien world of objects which he creates over and against himself becomes, the poorer he and his inner world become, the less there is that belongs to him as his own. The same is true in religion.”
“The worker, therefore, feels himself only outside his work, and feels beside himself in his work. He is at home when he is not working, and when he is working he is not at home. His work therefore is not voluntary, but coerced; it is forced labor. It is therefore not the satisfaction of a need, but only a means for satisfying needs external to it.”
“A direct consequence of man’s alienation from the product of his labor, from his life activity, from his species-being, is the alienation of man from man… In the relationship of alienated labor, therefore, every man sees others in accordance with the standard and the relationship in which he finds himself as a worker.”
Part III The Communism of Marx
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“A spectre is haunting Europe—the spectre of communism. All the powers of old Europe have entered into a holy alliance to exorcise this spectre… Where is the party in opposition that has not been decried as communistic by its opponents in power?”
“A spectre is haunting Europe—the spectre of communism. All the powers of old Europe have entered into a holy alliance to exorcise this spectre… Where is the party in opposition that has not been decried as communistic by its opponents in power?”
“The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.” Marx’s Theory of History... Capitalist Perspective
Scientific Perspective
...and of False Consciousness
Religious Perspective
Marx’s Theory of History Capitalism
Science
Religion
“The bourgeoisie...has pitilessly torn asunder the motley feudal ties that bound man to his ‘natural superiors,’ and has left no other nexus between man and man than naked selfinterest, than callous ‘cash payment’...for exploitation, veiled by religious and political illusions, it has substituted naked, shameless, direct, brutal exploitation.”
“All fixed, fast frozen relations, with their train of ancient and venerable prejudices and opinions, are swept away, all new-formed ones become antiquated before they can ossify. All that is solid melts into air, all that is holy is profaned, and man is at last compelled to face with sober senses his real conditions of life and his relations with his kind.”
“The cheap prices of its commodities are the heavy artillery with which it batters down Chinese walls, with which it forces the barbarians’ obstinate hatred of foreigners capitulate. It compels all nations, on pain of extinction, to adopt the bourgeois mode production; it compels them to introduce what it calls civilization into their midst, i.e., become bourgeois themselves.”
all to of to
“The less the skill and exertion of strength implied in manual labor, in other words, the more modern industry becomes developed, the more is the labor of men superseded by that of women. Differences of age and sex have no longer any distinctive social validity for the working class. All are instruments of labor, more or less expensive to use, according to their age and sex.”
“The bourgeoisie finds itself involved in a constant battle...in all these battles it sees itself compelled to appeal to the proletariat, to ask for its help, and thus, to drag it into the political arena. The bourgeoisie itself, therefore, supplies the proletariat with its own elements of political and general education, in other words, it furnishes the proletariat with weapons for fighting the bourgeoisie.”
Part IV So why has the revolution not taken place?
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“The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win… Working men of all countries, unite!”
Thank You
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