! " " # !""$ % " %"& ' " ( ))
)
*
+ , ' - ' " % " - . / 0 *1 '" 2! -
" 3 " 4 % 3 2- " 0 ) 5" 1 !*%'" /6
! !" #
! " # $ !% ! & $ ' ' ($ ' # % % ) % * % ' $ ' + " % & ' !# $, ( $ - . ! "- ( % . % % % % $ $ $ - - - - / / $$$ 0 1"1"#23."
4& )*5/ +) * !6 !& 7!8%779:9& % ) 2 ; ! * &
162
Ibrahim Wada | Library Portal | Department of Library SciencesCopyright © 2013. All Rights Reserved. Admin Login Master Dissertation by Ibrahim WADA Copyright © 2014. All Rights Reserved.
163
The above PHP script can be modified or changed depending on the technical know-how of the portal administrator and the need of the institution. The codes must be copied into a PHP software environment for modification and when one is done must be repackaged by zipping before it can be uploaded onto the portal. Following the same procedure for creating template, six templates sample has been uploaded in case changes are needed.
Focus Group Discussions Series of discussions were being held between the researcher and five system staff in the Server Room of the automation unit, Bayero University Library, Kano. During the discussions, many issues were raised regarding how to identify and make use of the functional features (tools) provided on the library portal. The key subjects of discussions were on the tools such as INPUT, PROCESSING and OUTPUT parameters, which covers production overview, creation and publishing, content presentation, content retrieval,
technical
features,
interdependencies,
support
and
training. Apart from the Documentation/help, below are few of what to do and how to use the Library portal.
164
How to Change Template Once a template is created or developed or designed, it could be uploaded to replace the current template, following the steps below. i.
Once you are logged in to the back-end of the Joomla, highlight Extension Menu at the top.
ii.
Select Install/Uninstall sub-menu
iii.
Under upload package file, click on choose or browse
iv.
Select the Template from your folder or wherever it is kept, and click on open
v.
Click on Upload the file and Install. Wait a bit for it to be uploaded
vi.
Go back up and select the Extension Menu again
vii.
Scroll down the lane and click on Template Manager submenu
viii.
Identify the template by its name and directly behind it select the combo box there
ix.
Loop up and click on Default to make the template functional
x.
Refresh your portal page to display the just uploaded template
How to organise the site of Library Portal The first thing to do to organise the library portal is to cleanse the preinstalled contents. i.
Position your cursor on Content Menu and navigate to Article Manager and click
ii.
Click on the tiles of the contents you want to delete and navigate your cursor to the top right corner of the page and
165
click on Trash menu. Follow the same suit until you are satisfied with the cleansing of all the contents. iii.
All the useless Modules must be deleted.
iv.
All the contents under polls page, contact page, banner page, news feeds as well as the links must be deleted.
How to Create Menus i.
First of all the available menus and sub-menus must be deleted
ii.
Click on Menus menu and scroll down one step to select Menu Manager.
iii.
Look to the right corner of the page and click on New
iv.
On the left of the page, fill in all the four columns and click on save on the top right corner
How to create section i.
Click on Content Menu and select Section Manager
ii.
Click on New on the top right corner
iii.
In the Title column, type the title of the menu you want
iv.
Leave the publish selection as it is
v.
Click on save
How to create category To create a category, follow these steps i.
Highlight on Content Menu
ii.
Select the Category Manager
iii.
Click on New on the top right corner
iv.
Type in the name for the Category
166
v.
Select the Section under which it would appear
vi.
Leave it published
vii.
Click on Save on the top right corner
How to add Content i.
Prepare you information content in Microsoft work, without any image or picture.
ii.
Click on Content Menu
iii.
Select Article Manager
iv.
Click on New on the top right corner
v.
Type in the title column, the title of your article
vi.
Leave the Alias
vii.
Select the Section in which the content would be placed
viii.
Follow up and select the category you want the article to be placed. (Note, your section and category must have been created)
ix.
Use copy command you know to copy you content from the Microsoft word
x.
Navigate back into the Joomla back-end environment
xi.
In the Text Area, right click your mouse and click on paste
xii.
On the top right corner of the page, click on save
xiii.
You are back to the Article manager environment to create another article if you so wish.
How to attach a file To attach or link a title to a file is very easy i.
Having typed and formatted your content,
ii.
Follow steps (i through vii) on how to add content above
167
iii.
At the point or page you want to attach a file, highly a word or group of words or simply type the phrase of want you want to link a file to
iv.
Click on Insert link/edit
v.
Type in URL the address of your file
vi.
Select the target page
vii.
Click on insert
viii.
Click on the top right corner of the page
How to add picture /image i.
Follow steps (i through vii) on how to add content above
ii.
At the bottom of the article page, click on image
iii.
Under the upload, click on choose file or browse (depending on the browser you are using)
iv.
From your computer or flash drive or any media in which you have your image, click on the image or picture
v.
Click on start upload
vi.
Select your image within the page environment
vii.
At the top right corner of the page, find Insert and click on it
viii.
You are done.
How to add audio clip To add an audio clip requires an installation of a plug-in and configuration of such plug-in. however, the common scenario is as follows: i.
Make your audio clip ready
ii.
Find Site Menu on the top left corner of the page and select Media Manager
168
iii.
Still on the left, find Stories and click on it
iv.
Click on Audio sub-menu
v.
Scroll down and choose a file to upload your media
vi.
Select your clip and click on open
vii.
Click on start upload to send your audio clip into the database of the portal
viii.
Again, Click on Content Menu and select Article Manager
ix.
Type this code exactly as you see {mp3}DisoLecture{/mp3}
x.
The mp3 means that the clip is an mp3 audio clip. (Every clip, whether audio or video is identified by its extension). The text between the two curl bracket must represent then name of your audio clip
How to add video clip The steps involved in adding video clip within an article is pretty the same as that of audio as stated above. So add a video clip follow these steps i.
Follow step (i through x), but at step iv, select video sub-menu instead
ii.
You are just done!
The final look of a Developed Library Portal The front view of the library portal developed is shown below. The view as shown below are reflection of template designed by the researcher based on the blueprint. The codes was written with PHP script and supported with HTML. However, the menus on the top horizontal lines were redesigned. The menus on both left and right part of the page are also changeable. After the group discussions
169
and the library portal is developed, it is shown to the Automation library for observation. The finale product of the library portal is displayed in the next page. Final display of Front-end Library Portal
Fig. 15: (Developed Library Portal showing Frontend View) Library Portal Inspection After the development of above library portal, it is packaged and handed over to four experts in software development and webdesign in the Faulty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Bayero University Kano for inspection.
170
Inspection Procedure The required procedures for the inspection of the library portal are as follows: i.
XAMPP software was installed on the individual laptops of the
inspectors ii.
Database for the library portal was created
iii.
SQL script containing all the parameters of the library portal was uploaded using PHPMYADMIN
iv.
The developed library portal folder containing all the documents were exported through a file Transfer Protocol into the xampp environment of the host computers
v.
The inspectors were given the Administrator Username and Password
vi.
They were requested to use any browser (except Internet Explorer) to launch the library portal The inspectors were given three days to use the library portal and check for errors in all areas of the system so as to find fault. The basic errors found with the library portal were:
i.
Lack of sufficient extensions to accommodate all format of videos and audio clips
ii.
Lack of permission to adjust the whole structure of the library portal with a tool or through functional features, iii.
iv.
Rigidity of access control mechanism and
Too many options for formalizing or customizing single contents for presentation. It was unanimously suggested that the identified errors above must be attended to before deployment and implementation.
171
Library Portal Mending Library portal development is an iterative process and therefore adjustment and modification to the structure, functional features and the whole outlook is considered continued. However, the responses to the suggestions were made promptly by the researcher as follows: i.
Lack of sufficient extensions to accommodate all format of videos and audio clips The available extensions are:
flv,mp4,mp3,bmp,csv,doc,docx,epg,gif,ico,jpg,odg,odp,ods,od t,pdf,png,ppt,swf,txt,xcf,xls,FLV,MP4,MP3,BMP,CSV,DOC,DOCX,E PG,GIF,ICO,JPG,ODG,ODP,ODS,ODT,PDF,PNG,PPT,SWF,TXT,X CF,XLS However, the researcher added the following extensions: 3gp,avi,bdvm,dat,dvr,flv,ifo,m2ts,m4v,mkv,mov,mp4,mpeg,mp g,mts,ogm,ogv,qt,rm,sbe,ts,wmv,wtv,bmp,flv,mp3,YouYube,mp4,cs v,doc,epg,gif,ico,jpg,odg,odp,ods,odt,pdf,png,ppt,swf,txt,xcf,xls,BMP ,MP3,FLV,YOUTUBE,MP4CSV,DOC,EPG,GIF,ICO,JPG,ODG,ODP ,ODS,ODT,PDF,PNG,PPT,SWF,TXT,XCF,XLS,MPG,MOV,WMV,R M,3GP,AVI,BDVM,DAT,DVR,FLV,IFO,M2TS,M4V,MKV,MOV,MP4, MPEG,MPG,MTS,OGM,OGV,QT,RM,SBE,TS,WMV,WTV. The above extensions were identified and added to the available ones thereby making the library portal capable of handling many types of audio and video clips. To improve on the functionality, AllVidoeJoomla plug-in was also identified, modified and upload to the portal. With it all the extensions can easily be used.
172
ii.
Lack of permission to adjust the whole structure of the library portal with a tool or through functional features
Yes, it is not ideal to change the whole structure of any developed system. However, with the help of templates, the front-end structure and outlook can be changed or modified. iii.
Access control mechanism This is not an error anyway. The access mechanism in
Joomla
is
structured
into
six
segments,
such
as
Super
Administrator, Administrator, Publisher, Editor, Author and user. The privileges for all of them are not the same. The Publisher, Editor, Author are usually given one form of accessibility and control rights, while users are designated with only login and access rights. All the privileges for access and control are dichotomized in a way that super administrator has the total rights and can manage the rest of other users. The inspectors were given only the Publisher, Editor, Author rights, hence the error they pointed out. iv.
Too many options for formalizing or customizing single contents for presentation. Conventionally, content management systems developed with
raw software such as python, visual studio, C++ and the likes do not give room for different options due to the need for developers to spend more times and resources to do so thereby making updates a bit more rigorous. However, library portal developed through Joomla Content Management System has many valuable options to allow different users to adjust the use of the system according to their needs and aspirations. Therefore, within the modules, components and plug-ins, the researcher is able to disable the functional features not needed at the moment. However, they could be
173
enabled by the automation librarians / system staff depending on the need that arises. Library Portal Deployment The deployment aspect of the library portal is made simple. The researcher is able to package the developed library portal and its assistive software like Apache server, MySQL and PHPmyAdmin onto a CD-ROM for use by the Automation library /system staff. The implementation of the library portal would depend on the approval by the library management stakeholders. However, the procedures necessary for deployment are presented below: i.
XAMPP software must be installed on a computer designated to be a server with minimum system requirements as
a.
500G hard disk drive
b.
4 gigabit RAM
c.
i3 core processor
d.
1500 gigabyte dedicated video memory
e.
Two Network Card Interfaces
f.
Windows 7 operating system (whether 32 or 64 bit)
ii.
Database for the library portal must be created
iii.
SQL script containing all the parameters of the library portal must be uploaded using PHPMYADMIN
iv.
The folder or library portal folder containing all the documents must be exported through a file Transfer Protocol into the xampp environment on the host computers
v.
Administrator Username and Password are provided at both backend and frontend
174
References Baggerman, L. (2000): Designing for Interaction. Gloucester, MA: Rockport. Retrieved from: http://www.tobii.com/Global/Analysis/Marketing/Research%20P aper/HCI%20and%20Usability/Web%20Site%20Usability%20A%20Case%20Study%20of%20Student%20Perceptions.p df Bayero University, Kano Library Guides (2012): Guides on the Use of BUK Library Bohyun Y. (2011) Tech Skills for New Librarians. Retrieved on 04/05/2014 from http://www.bohyunkim.net/blog/archives/1319 Chen, C., and Rada, R. (1996): Interacting with Hypertext: A Metaanalysis of Experimental Studies. Human-Computer Interaction, 11. Cooper, A. (1999): The Inmates are Running the Asylum: Why hightech Products Drive us Crazy and how to restore the Sanity. Indianapolis, IN: Sams Publishing. Cooper, A., and Reimann, R. (2003): About face 2.0: The Essentials of Interaction Design. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley Publishing. Dias, P., and Sousa, P. (1997): Understanding Navigation and Disorientation in Hypermedia Learning Environments. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 6 (2). Fidgeon, T. (2006): Feature: Eight Guidelines for Usability Testing. Webcredible/UN. February. Retrieved 02/07/2013, from: http://www.usabilitynews.com/news/article2783.asp. Garrett, J. J. (2003): The elements of User Experience: Usercentered Design for the Web. Indianapolis, IN: New Riders Press. Ghante, P. B. (2011): Skills for Librarians in the Age of Knowledge. Vol. I, Issue. I / February 2011, pp.187-190. Retrieved on 03/05/2014 from http://www.isrj.net/UploadedData/34.pdf Hackos, J., and Redish, J. (1998): User and Task Analysis for Interface Design. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons.
175
Hackos, J., and Stevens, D. (1997): Standards for Online Communications. New York, NY: Wiley Computer Publishing. Holzinger, A. (2005) Usability Engineering Methods for Software Developers. Communications of ACM, 48(1) Hugo, J. (1998): Introduction to Usability Engineering: Guidelines for Usability Principles Methods in Application. Retrieved on 12/07/2013 from: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Teaching/1999/Agriculture/#directmani pulation/ Igbaria, M., and Tan, M. (1997): "The Consequences of Information Technology Acceptance on Subsequent Individual Performance", Information and Management, Vol. 32, pp. 113121. Johnson, S., Gunnar E.O., Gelfand, J., Lammers, G. Sipe, L and Zilper, N (2012): Key Issues for E-Resource Collection Development: A Guide for Libraries. (Acquisition and Collection Development Section). Retrieved on 04/05/2014 from http://www.ifla.org/files/assets/acquisition-collectiondevelopment/publications/Electronic-resource-guide.pdf Karoulis, A. and Pombortis, A (2003): Heuristic Evaluation of WebBased ODL Programs. in: Ghaoui, C (ed), Usability Evaluation of Online Learning Programmes. Hershey, P.A: Informatioin Science Publishing. Koganuramath, M. and Angadi, M (2014) Interpersonal Skills for Effective Library Management. Retrieved on 03/05/2014 from http://eprints.rclis.org/4972/1/Interpersonal-skills.PDF LaMarca, M and Brentrup, R. (2014): Managing a Collection of Electronic Information Resources. Retrieved on 04/05/2014 from http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/html/cnc9753/cnc9753.html. Macaulay, J. (2006) Technical Skills and the Librarian. retrieved on 03/05/2014 from
176
http://scruffynerf.wordpress.com/2006/07/19/technical-skillsthe-librarian/ McGill, T., Hobbs, V., and Klobas, J. (2003): " User-Developed Applications and Information Systems Success: A Test of DeLone and McLeanʻs Model", Information Resources Management Journal, Vol. 16. Moraga, A., Calero, C., and Piattini, M. (2006), "Comparing Different Quality Models for Portals", Online Information Review, Vol. 30, Iss: 5, pp.555 – 568. Nicotera, Cynthia L. (1999): Information Access by Design: Electronic Guidelines for Librarians. Information Technology and Libraries. 18 (2). Nielsen, J. (1994): Ten Usability Heuristics. Use-it.com Retrieved 02/07/2013, from: http://www.useit.com/papers/heuristic/heuristic_list.html Nielsen, J. (2000): Novice vs. Expert Users. Use-it.com Retrieved 02/07/2013, from: http://www.useit.com/alertbox/20000206.html Nielsen, J. (2003): Usability 101: An Introduction to Usability. Useit.com Retrieved 02/07/2013, from: http://www.useit.com/alertbox/20030825.html Nielsen, J. (2004): Usability 101: An Introduction to Usability Icon. Use-it.com Retrieved 02/07/2013, from: http://www.useit.com/alertbox/20030825.html Nielsen, J. (2009): First 2 Words: A Signal for the Scanning Eye. Use-it.com Retrieved 02/07/2013, from: http://www.useit.com/alertbox/nanocontent.html Nielsen, J. (2009): Mega Drop-down Navigation Menus Work Well. Use-it.com. Retrieved 02/07/2013, from: http://www.useit.com/alertbox/nanocontent.html Otter, M., and Johnson, H. (2000). Lost in Hyperspace: Metrics and Mental Models. Interacting with Computers, 13, 1-40. Retrieved 02/07/2013, from:
177
http://www.cs.odu.edu/~jbollen/spring03_IR/readings/otter2000. pdf Otter, M., and Johnson, H. (2000): Lost in Hyperspace: Metrics and Mental Models. Interacting with Computers, 13, 1-40. Retrieved 02/07/2013, from: http://www.cs.odu.edu/~jbollen/spring03_IR/readings/otter2000. pdf Ramana, P. V. (2006), The changing role of librarian in a challenging dynamic web environment. 4th International Convention Caliber-, Gulbarga, 2-4 February, Inflibnet Centre, Ahmedabad. Raskin, J. (2000): The Humane Interface: New Directions for Designing Interactive Systems. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley. Roblyer, M., and Wiencke, W. (2003). Design and use of a rubric to assess and encourage interactive qualities in distance courses. American Journal of Distance Education, 17(2), 77-98. Rognerud, J. 2008. Ultimate Guide to Search Engine Optimization: Drive Traffic, Boost Conversion Rates and Make Lots of Money. Entrepreneur Press, Madison Sano, D. (1996): Designing large-scale web sites: A visual design methodology. New York, NY : John Wiley. Shneiderman, B. (1997): Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction Third Edition. Addison-Wesley. Shneiderman, B. (1998): Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Humancomputer Interaction (3rd ed.). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.178 Shneiderman, B. (2002): Leonardoʼs laptop: Human Needs and the New Computing Technologies. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Sunny, S. K. (2008) Evaluation of Open Source Content Management System: A Comparative Study. International CALIBER -2008, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, February 28-29 and March 1, 2008 © INFLIBNET Centre, Ahmedabad.
178
Retrieved on 04/05/2014 from http://ir.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/1944/1281/1/37.pdf Torkzadeh, G., and Doll, W.J. (1999): "The Development of a tool for Measuring the Perceived Impact of Information Technology on Work", Omega, International Journal of Management Science, Vol. 27. Veronica, C. (2014): What skills are required to be a Librarian? Retrieved on 04/05/2014 from http://lis510libraries.wikispaces.com/What+skills+are+required+to+be+a+li brarian Wichansky, A. (2000): Usability Test in 2000 and Beyond: Ergonomic, 43(7), 998-1006. Yang, Z., Cai, S., Zhou, Z., and Zhou, N. (2005): "Development and validation of an instrument to measure user perceived service quality of information presenting Web portals", Information and Management, Vol. 42.
179
Chapter Five Summary, Conclusion, and Proposal for Implementation of Library Portal Summary of the Study The research was conducted on the development of library portal for the management of electronic information resources and services. Therefore, it is structured into six chapters. Chapter one deals with the background to the study, statement of the problem, research questions and objectives, justification for the study, significance of the study, scope of the study and operational definition of concepts. The scope of the study covers the automation unit of Bayero University Library Kano, Content Management System, use of questionnaire and focus group discussion and finally development of a library portal. Chapter two was concerned with the reviewing of related literatures covering theoretical framework, conceptual framework, computer proficiency of librarians, electronic information resources to be provided through the library, functional features needed in the library portal for the management of electronic information resources and services. Chapter three deals with research methodology under which the sub-topic such as research design, population of the study, preliminary study, sampling technique and sample size data collection instrument, validity and reliability of the research instrument, administration of research instrument, method of data analysis, software requirement for developing library portal.
180
Chapter four covers data presentation and analysis, whereas chapter five deals with the development of library portal as well as the summary, conclusion and proposal for implementation of the library portal.
Conclusion Development of Library portal for the management of electronic information resources and services was conceived as an effort to provide a solution to the problem of managing scholarly works of students and researchers in Bayero University Kano. To achieve this effort, a preliminary study was conducted to find out the in-depth of the problem, identify the stakeholders as well as the conditions necessary for the execution of the project. The preliminary study revealed that there is a need for Library portal. In order to develop the library portal, three basic objectives were set for the research, which were: to identify the computer proficiencies of Automation Librarians/System Staff necessary for the use of library portal to manage electronic information resource and services; identify the electronic information resources and services that need to be provided through the Library Portal by the Automation Librarians/System Staff; and to determine the functional features needed on the library portal to enable Automation Librarians/System Staff manage electronic information resource and services of the library. To achieve the set objectives, a library portal development model was designed, which is structured into the following steps: planning, users needs analysis, library portal blueprint, software
181
selection and installation, library portal prototype development, expert inspection, library mending and deployment. In line with the model, usersʼ needs analysis was conducted through questionnaire administration and focus group discussion. The data collected was organized and computed into SPSS (v18) and the results were analyzed using descriptive statistical method. Through this usersʼ needs analysis, the first two objectives were achieved. The information obtained thereof was used to create a blueprint, which served as a guide for development of a library portal. The software required for the developed portal were identified and five system staff in the automation unit were engaged in focus group discussion and their needs were thoroughly scrutinized and the resolution reached lead to the development of functional features needed for the management of electronic information resources and services. Henceforth, the developed library portal was given to four experts in the field of web-based application and software engineering. The library portal was inspected and some errors were identified. The errors were noted and their suggestions were effected (library portal mending). Finally, the library portal is recommended
to
Bayero
University
Library
Kano
for
implementation. Proposal for implementation of Library Portal Library portal developed to run on Intranet is much in many ways the same with those ones running on the Internet. All the technical and software requirements are the same. The differences exist in some other areas such as cost of development, maintenance, ease of use, training, and many more. The key
182
benefits of running library portal on intranet include lowered network costs, ease of learning, goal-oriented, self-development and open standards that allow software to run under the auspices of management eyes. Access to the data warehouses makes the Library Portal on intranet worth its weight in gold. Other key benefits are:
improved
scholarly
models,
enhanced
communication,
collaborative work group environment, with continuous process and principles improvement within the intranet infrastructure. Part of the reason for the large interest and deployment of Library Portal on intranets is attributed to the benefits it can bring to library institution. Furthermore, advantages accrue to running Library Portal are as follows:
Benefit of Library Portal The primary benefit of a Library Portal in a library is the facilitation of information sharing. Various kinds of documents can be converted into HTML and made web-accessible. Policies, procedures, forms, annual reports, manuals, schedules, calendar of events and programs, and anything on paper can be transferred onto a Library Portal. The Library Portal will then serve as a quick and reliable source for information utilization. In fact, anything of interest, either professionally or personally, may be put onto it. In this way, librarians, other employees, the public can be more aware of what is going on in the library. A Library Portal can also provide access to online databases. The ability of a Library Portal to restrict access is important. The role of Information Officers or Librarians in the facilitation of Library Portal solutions is a key one. This role will take the
183
librarians into a regular contact and working relationships with information suppliers. The librarians often remain the best judge of an information source and know the information needs of library users within which they work. Thus, the librarians can provide an important liaison in order to use the Library Portal as a platform to disseminate the libraryʼs own materials and newsletters or as a conduct to bring external information into the institution. A vast range of library information can be held on the Library Portal. At a basic level this could include internal GSM lists, procedures, manuals, institutional charts and other personnel documentation, the type of information which is almost impossible to keep
up-to-date
using
hard-copy
formats.
More
advanced
information handling scenarios are also feasible. As the Librarians are facing competitive need to remain highly relevant to library users, more proactive role emerge and the highly effective way of pushing information at the user is made possible with Library Portal. It is not insignificant that the Library Portal development has been accomplished by redefining the staff roles and attempts to change the image of information services away from the passive librarian towards the dynamic research specialists. Library can publicize its services to its user community through a variety of pages, some of them generally static (opening hours, details of key staff, etc.) and some of them refreshed more frequently (new additions or journal alert listing service).
A Library Portal can assist the information professional to develop document delivery services. Documents can be delivered to remote printers alongside usersʼ workstations.
184
Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI) services can be employed to provide abstract and article summaries via customized pages or order bulletins to be printed at the usersʼ terminal.
Library Portal can allow the direct posting of the results of research on electronic databases.
The staff members can directly make requests to the librarian for purchase of particular titles via the Library Portal. The same can be intimated to the respective staff when the requested title has been acquired by the library.
Librarians and other staff can exchange communication directly on the Library Portal as well as providing a means of allowing access to existing data sources for management purposes, the Library Portal can help foster group working.
In academic environment, training materials can be provided by Library Portal. With Library Portal, videos and audios can be provided with ease.
List of latest additions of books, journal issue notices of forthcoming
seminars,
exam
schedules,
notices
about
membership renewals, instead of going through the paper distribution system. A news corner for the headlines from daily newspapers, downloaded from the internet can also be posted on Library Portal for easy accessibility.
The library can also provide the Articles-Alert Service to its users by downloading ejournals in which some of them are available freely and can be uploaded on to the Library Portal as the journals may be current and also difficult to subscribe
185
or sometimes not available as hardcopy. This enables library to provide an excellent Current Awareness Service (CAS).
The
Library Portal
can increase efficiency within
an
organization by reducing the amount of time an employee spends in searching for policies, procedures, manuals, reports, etc. Paper forms, documents and microfilm can all be converted to electronic formats and placed online into an Intranet. The most impressive contribution a Library Portal will make to libraries is its communication, coordination and collaborative benefits to students at all levels, lecturers in different fields of knowledge, academic libraries and administrators of university institutions at large. The Library Portal can certainly revolutionize the information management processes in the libraries. Library Portal has distinct advantage that helps in faster data collection and dissemination. It is indeed a challenge to the library professionals not only to accept and assimilate this new technology, which can spice up or further improve the entire information management processes in the libraries. Lest, the library risks being obsolete. A Library Portal is an intuitive web application capable of integrating people,
processes,
procedures
and
principles
to
form
an
intellectually creative culture dedicated to implementing total organizational effectiveness. Library Portals are relatively cheap and easy to develop because they use the existing technology of the Internet. The value of a Library Portal is that it can integrate in one central source a combination of internal, external, formal and informal information. This is an important consideration in the library and information
186
sector where informal information sources are considered so highly. Positive communication flows are encouraged and interaction between colleagues and project teams is seen as a valuable way of creating a shared knowledge base for the institution. For information services staff, the Library Portal can offer a wonderful range of technologies on which they can develop their skills as Information Managers, helping them to become Information Professionals,
Webmasters
and
Library
Portal
coordinators,
combining technical expertise with information management ability. A Library Portal is best described as librariesʼ own internal version of the internet, using the same protocols and browsers as used by the internet. With many advantages of a Library Portal, Bayero University Kano Library should try as quickly as possible to implement it. Steps and Procedures for Implementation Bayero University Library Kano should develop a Library Portal Development Planning and Process; create opportunity for training all library personnel to help achieve the objectives of the library in a better way. Training of personnel is essential because effectiveness of the library depends on the performance of the staff. There should be a special training to the users of the library to teach them how to use the Library Portal. A committee should be formed to assess the proper functioning of Library Portal and ask the library faculty and staff what they want to accomplish through the portal, what new features they want to offer, and what new services should be developed for library users. In addition, portal user testing should be conducted on the portal. Finally, the library administrators need to encourage librarians, staff and different departments to develop
187
their unit pages on the library portal to give users and employees a reason to use the portal. 1.
Set up a Desktop computer system or Laptop to server as Dedicated Host
2.
Install Windows Operation System (Windows Xp Service Pack II, Vista or Windows 7)
3.
Download
and
install
Apache
Server
from
http://www.apache.org 4.
Download and Install PHP script from http://www.php.net
5.
Down and install MySQL from http://www.mysql.com
6.
Download Joomla from http://www.joomlacode.org
7.
Copy the Joomla programme to c:\xampp\htdocs of the Host computer
8.
Unzip the Joomla! Into a newly created folder
9.
Give a specific name to the Folder
10.
Open a Browser and type “localhost/myfolder”, myfolder representing the name you just gave to the a folder
11.
Hit enter to begin installation of Joomla and follow the steps as shown by Joomlaʼs Wizard
12.
For more detail installation procedures, please, refer to 4.4 Development of Library Portal in Chapter Four)
13.
Install a Router and assign an Internet Protocol (Static and Dynamic)
14.
Configure the Wireless and Land Network cables in line with the Routerʼs IP. However, the general requirements for the establishment of
library portal on Internet are a bit different from that of Intranet
188
depending on the needs of individual library or institution promoting its educational responsibilities via the library web pages.
For Further Studies For the purpose of conducting further research with respect to library portal development for the management of electronic information resources and services below are areas to explore. 1.
Researchers interested in conducting research in the area of library portal should considered usability of such library portal as fertile fields as this will enable potential users of electronic information resources engage in the whole research activities.
2.
Another area worthy of conducting research is the development of library portal that could be used on Internet with domain name and host, where wider accessibility is the core of the research.
3.
There is need to conduct research into the Front-end users of library portal such as students, researchers, lecturers, and other users of the library clientele so as to use their views as the main focus of the research
4.
Researchers should also delve into using any of the following Content Management System (CMS), Learning Management System (LMS)
and Enterprise Management System for the
development of Library so as to find out the various differences such as functionality, features and problem-solving capabilities relating to information organization and utilization as presented in the table below:
189
Content Management System (CMS)
Agility Apache Lenya appRain
LightNEasy Limeware liveSite
AxCMS.net Bigace BitWeaver Bloofox
LogicalCMS Mapix TangoCMS Textpattern CMS TGS
Bricolage
Magnolia Mambo Marketpath CMS MemHT MiaCMS Midgard CMS MODx
Adobe – CQ WCM Alfresco Enterprise Amaxus
Docebo eFront Moodle Xyleme
Auctori Bitrix Intranet Bluenog Contegro ECM
TOTAL = 7
CrownPeak SaaS WC M EMC-Documentum
MoinMoin
Bridgeline Digital iAPPS Content Manager Brightlabs CMS Campsite
Tiki Wiki mojoPortal CMS Groupware TomatoCMS Monkey CMS TRIBiQ Movable Type
Clickability CMSBox
Typo3 Typolight
CMS Builder CMS Made Simple CMSimple CommonSpot
uCoz Umbraco
MVCCMS My Managed CMS Nuxeo OneWeb
Vivvo CMS WCM 4
OpenACS OpenCMS OpenEdit
Concrete5.org ConceptCMS Contensis Contentteller
WebFlicker CMS WebGUI Webiva Website Baker WordPress
Opus Ovidentia PHP-Fusion PHP-Nuke
Contrexx
Xaraya
phpWebSite
CompactCMS
Learning Management System ATutor CCNet Claroline
Enterprise Content Management System
Ektron CMS400.NET Elcom CommunityManager.N ET Filenet (IBM) Hippo Ingeniux Interwoven Teamsite Kentico Microsoft SharePoint Server MySource Matrix Nuxeo OnBase OpenText Oracle Management Pegboard
190
Content
CouroCMS CrownPeak SaaS WCM CuteNews Cyclone3 Daisy dotCMS DotNetNuke Drupal e107 Ekklesia 360 Elgg Elxis Enano Etomite Exponent ExpressionEngine eZ Publish Feindura FlatPress Frog Sourcetop SPIP Subrion Symphony CMS TOTAL = 141
XOOPS Zikula
Pixelsilk Pligg
Polopoly QP7.Enterprise
Zimplit Geeklog Gelato Gutensite Habari Hot Banana HTML Edit Imadat CMS ImpressCMS Ingeniux Injader CMS Jahia jAPS Jaws Jojo Joomla! Kajona³ Ke Knovial LaniusCMS Leap Liferay
Plone PLUME Pulse CMS Pure SEO CMS QP7.Express razorCMS Reddot Refinery CMS RSuite CMS RunCMS SDL Tridion Seir Anphin Seagull SilverStripe SimpleCMS.com SiteCM Sitecore SiteExecutive Sitefinity Sitemasher SkyBlueCanvas sNews
Sitecore Sitefinity Vignette Vyre Unify Xythos TOTAL = 31
.
Table 5.1: CMS, LMS and EMS; 5.
Source: Fieldwork, 2014
Furthermore, it is also recommended that researchers should endeavour to use other operating systems such as Ubuntu, Linux, Solaries as well as other Unix-based operating system as platform for running library portal on Intranet to find out which one is more stable, dependable and customizable.
6.
There is also need to conduct research into comparing various university websites and portals so as to find out the level at
191
which web-based technologies are used to provide electronic information resources and other information related functions in the academic institution.
192
Bibliography Abba, I.A., Tsiga, I. A., and Adamu, A. U. (1994), Building the Citadel: Thirty Years of University Education in Kano, 19641994. Kano, Nigeria: Bayero University Kano (The ViceChancellorʼs Office). Ahmad, P. and Yaseen, M. (2009): “The Role of the Library and Information Science Professionals As Managers: A Comparative Analysis”. Electronic Journal of Academic and Special Librarianship. v.10 no.3 (Winter 2009). Retrieved on 03/05/2014 from http://southernlibrarianship.icaap.org/content/v10n03/ahmad_p 01.html Avasia, M. and Ghosh, M. (2013): Intranet, Extranet and Internet: Information Management Sharing in Libraries Avasia, M. and Ghosh, M. (2013): Management of electronic Information resource Avison, D. and Fitzgerald, G. (2003): Information Systems Development: methodologies, techniques and tools. 3rd International edition, McGraw-Hill, Berkshire Baggerman, L. (2000): Designing for Interaction. Gloucester, MA: Rockport. Retrieved from: http://www.tobii.com/Global/Analysis/Marketing/Research%20P aper/HCI%20and%20Usability/Web%20Site%20Usability%20A%20Case%20Study%20of%20Student%20Perceptions.p df Balasubramanian, V. and Bashian, A. (1998) Document Management and Web Technologies: Alice marries the Mad Hatter. Communications of the ACM. 41(7), 107-114. Bappah M. A. (2011) Academic Libraries in Nigeria in the 21st Century. Library Philosophy and Practice 2011 retrieved on 12/06/2012/ from http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/~mbolin/abubakar.htm
193
Bayero University, Kano Library Guides (2012): Guides on the Use of BUK Library Benbya, H., Passiante, G., and Belbaly, N. (2004), "Corporate portal: a tool for knowledge management synchronization", International Journal of Information Management, Vol. 24, pp. 201–220 Berg, B.L (2006). Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 304pp. Bernard, H.R. (2002). Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and quantitative methods. 3rd edition. AltaMira Press ,Walnut Creek, California. Bhojaraju G. (2013) Intranet for Library Services. Library-cumInformation Officer, Indian Rubber Manufacturers Research Association, Thane-400 604. Bohyun Y. (2011) Tech Skills for New Librarians. Retrieved on 04/05/2014 from http://www.bohyunkim.net/blog/archives/1319 BUK Library Guides (2012): Rules and Regulations on the Use of the Library. Buytaert, D. (2006): ʻDrupal vs Joomla: popularityʼ, retrieved 20 November 2010, Buytaert, D. (2006): ʻDrupal vs Joomla: popularityʼ, retrieved 20 November 2010, Cabot, J. and Wilson, G. (2014): Tools for Teams: A Survey of WebBased Software Project Portals. Retrieved on 03/05/2014 from http://modeling-languages.com/survey-web-based-softwareproject-portals/ Campbell, D.T. (2012). The Informant in Quantitative Research. The American Journal of Sociology 60:339-342. Castillo, J. J. (2009) Research Population. http://www.experimentresources.com/research-population.html#ixzz1o8c3Kjb3. Retrieved: 01/03/2012
194
Chamberlain, K., Camic, P. and Yardley, L. (2004). Qualitative analysis of experience: grounded theory and case studies, in D.F. Marks and L. Yardley (eds) Research methods for clinical and health psychology. London: SAGE. Chen, C., and Rada, R. (1996): Interacting with Hypertext: A Metaanalysis of Experimental Studies. Human-Computer Interaction, 11. Chinwe M. T. N. and Oluwasanmi, H. (2010). The Use of ICT in Nigerian Universities: A Case Study of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife: Library Philosophy and Practice. http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/~mbolin/nwezeh3.htm Chinwe V. Anunobi 2008 ICT Librarian Ifeyinwa B. Okoye. http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/~mbolin/anunobi-okoye.htm Ciccone, K. (2005) MyLibrary@NCState:A Library Portal After Five Years: The Haworth Press, Inc.: retrieved on 01/03/2014 from .http://www.haworthpress.com/web/JLA CMSmatrix (2013): Compare Content Management Systems. Retrieved on 22/02/2013 from http://www.cmsmatrix.org/ CMSmatrix (2013): Compare Content Management Systems. Retrieved on 22/02/2013 from http://www.cmsmatrix.org/ Cooper, A. (1999): The Inmates are Running the Asylum: Why hightech Products Drive us Crazy and how to restore the Sanity. Indianapolis, IN: Sams Publishing. Cooper, A., and Reimann, R. (2003): About face 2.0: The Essentials of Interaction Design. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley Publishing. Cox, A and Yeates, R. (2002)Library orientated portals solutions. Retrieved on 11/03/2014 from: http://www.jisc.ac.uk/uploaded_documents/tsw_02-03.pdf Cranford-Teague, J. (1998) Information Architects have the vision. The Independent, 12 October 1998:16. Creswell, J. W. (2009) Research design : qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (3rd ed.) London: Sage Publications.
195
Dafiaghor, F. K. (2012): Problems and prospects of electronic resources usage in Nigerian academic libraries. Journal of Economics and International Finance Vol. 4(9), pp. 220-225, 22 May, 2012 retrieved on 12/12/2013 from http://www.academicjournals.org/JEIF Danziger J N and Kraemer K L (1991) Survey Research and Multiple Operationism: The URBIS Project Methodology. In The Information Systems Research Challenge: Survey Research Methods - Volume 3, (Kraemer K L Ed.), Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA. 02/03/2012. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/5853/1/5853.pdf Dempsey, L. (2011). "The Recombinant Library: Portals and People." Co-published simultaneously in Journal of Library Administration, 39,4:103-136; and in Improved Access to Information: Portals, Content Selection, and Digital Information, ed. Sul H. Lee, 103-136. Binghamton, NY: Haworth. Available online at: http://www.oclc.org/research/staff/dempsey/recombinant_library / Detlor, B. (2000), " The corporate portal as information infrastructure: Towards a framework for portal design", International Journal of Information Management, Vol. 20, pp. 91-101. Detlor, B. (2004), " The corporate portal as information infrastructure: Towards a framework for portal design", International Journal of Information Management, Vol. 20, pp. 91-101. Dhotre, I.A. (2009). Operating Systems. Technical Publications Pune. Retrieved on 10/02/2014 from: http://findpdf.net/documents/operating-system-technicalpublications-pune-ia-dhotre-operating-system-dhotre-pdfdownload.html
196
Dias, C., (2001), "Corporate portals: a literature review of a new concept in Information Management", International Journal of Information Management, Vol. 21, pp. 269–287 Dias, P., and Sousa, P. (1997): Understanding Navigation and Disorientation in Hypermedia Learning Environments. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 6 (2). Diso, L.I. (2005). Information production, transfer, and delivery: Mass Information work and television journalistsʼ dilemma in Nigeria. International Information and Library Review, 37, 285286 dissertation.laerd.com (2012) Purposive Sampling: http://dissertation.laerd.com/purposive-sampling.php Fatoki, O.C. (2005). Prospects of GSM technology for academic library services. The Electronic Library, 23(3), 266-273. Fidgeon, T. (2006): Feature: Eight Guidelines for Usability Testing. Webcredible/UN. February. Retrieved 02/07/2013, from: http://www.usabilitynews.com/news/article2783.asp. Fontana, A. (2005). “Postmodern Trends in Interviewing.” In Jaber F. Gubrium and James A. Holstein (eds.), Handbook of Interview Research: Context and Method (p161-175). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication, 981pp. Garrett, J. J. (2003): The elements of User Experience: Usercentered Design for the Web. Indianapolis, IN: New Riders Press. Gelbmann G (2012): Content Management, DataLife Engine, Discuz!, Drupal, Joomla, NQcontent, SharePoint, SPIP, VBulletin, WordPress. Retrieved on 22/02/2013 from: http://w3techs.com/blog/entry/most_popular_content_managem ent_systems_by_country Gelbmann G (2012): Content Management, DataLife Engine, Discuz!, Drupal, Joomla, NQcontent, SharePoint, SPIP, VBulletin, WordPress. Retrieved on 22/02/2013 from:
197
http://w3techs.com/blog/entry/most_popular_content_managem ent_systems_by_country Gellersen, H. Gaedke, M. (2009): Object Oriented Web Application Development, IEEEE Internet Computing 3(1) 60-68. Gerolimos, M. and Konsta, R. (2008): Librariansʼ skills and qualifications in a modern informational environment, retrieved on 03/05/2014 from xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/20910937/1940680592/name/jip1.pdf and www.emeraldinsight.com/0143-5124.htm Ghante, P. B. (2011): Skills for Librarians in the Age of Knowledge. Vol. I, Issue. I / February 2011, pp.187-190. Retrieved on 03/05/2014 from http://www.isrj.net/UploadedData/34.pdf Glasow, P.A. (2005) Fundamentals of Survey Research Methodology. Retrieved on 11/03/2014 from: http://www.uky.edu/~kdbrad2/EPE619/Handouts/SurveyResear chReading.pdf Gunter, K. Butler, P. Schockman, D. Trepess, A (2012) A Framework for the development of e-commerce projects: a discussion of issues and components. Proceedings of BIT Conference, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK 1-2 November, 2012. Hackos, J., and Redish, J. (1998): User and Task Analysis for Interface Design. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. Hackos, J., and Stevens, D. (1997): Standards for Online Communications. New York, NY: Wiley Computer Publishing. Hatlestad, L.(2005). "LinuxWorld Showcases Open-Source Growth, Expansion". InformationWeek. CMP Media, LLC. Retrieved 11 February, 2014 Ho, P.T. (2014): Development of the HKU Campus Portal. Compus Center, The University of Hong Kong. Retrieved on 03/05/2014 from https://www.its.hku.hk/news/ccnews100/portal.htm Holzinger, A. (2005) Usability Engineering Methods for Software Developers. Communications of ACM, 48(1)
198
Howcroft, D. and Carroll, J. (2013) A Proposed Methodology for Web Development. https://lib.hku.hk (2014) Electronic Resources Collection Development Policy. Th University of Hong Kong Libraries. retrieved on 03/05/2014 from https://lib.hku.hk/cd/policies/erp.html Hugo, J. (1998): Introduction to Usability Engineering: Guidelines for Usability Principles Methods in Application. Retrieved on 12/07/2013 from: http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Teaching/1999/Agriculture/#directmani pulation/ IBM Human Ability and Accessibility Center (2006): Developing accessible portals and portlets with IBM WebSphere Portal. Retrieved on 03/05/2014 from ftp://ftp.software.ibm.com/software/dw/wes/pdf/0602accessible-WSPortal_accessibility.pdf Igbaria, M., and Tan, M. (1997): "The Consequences of Information Technology Acceptance on Subsequent Individual Performance", Information and Management, Vol. 32, pp. 113121. Isakowitz, T. Beiber, M. and Fabio, V. (1998). Web Information Systems. Communications of the ACM 41(7), 78-80. Islam, N.M.D., Islam, M.D.S and Sagorika, S (2011) Content Management System (CMS): Application of Joomla to website development in Libraries and Information Centers; International Seminar “Vision 2021: the role of libraries for building digital Bangladesh” on 04 February 2011, organized by Library Association of Bangladesh. Jadhav, M.N. (2008): Content Management Systems Software: A Solution for Dynamic and Cost Effective Library Portal - The Case Study of IIT Bombay. Retrievd on 04/05/2014 from http://ir.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/1944/1267/1/32.pdf
199
Joe, B. (1998). "Why "Free Software" is better than "Open Source"". Free Software Foundation. Retrieved 11 February, 2014. Johnson, S., Gunnar E.O., Gelfand, J., Lammers, G. Sipe, L and Zilper, N (2012): Key Issues for E-Resource Collection Development: A Guide for Libraries. (Acquisition and Collection Development Section). Retrieved on 04/05/2014 from http://www.ifla.org/files/assets/acquisition-collectiondevelopment/publications/Electronic-resource-guide.pdf Karoulis, A. and Pombortis, A (2003): Heuristic Evaluation of WebBased ODL Programs. in: Ghaoui, C (ed), Usability Evaluation of Online Learning Programmes. Hershey, P.A: Informatioin Science Publishing. Koganuramath, M. and Angadi, M (2014) Interpersonal Skills for Effective Library Management. Retrieved on 03/05/2014 from http://eprints.rclis.org/4972/1/Interpersonal-skills.PDF Korb, K.A. (2014) Calculating reliability of quantitative measures. Retrieved on 10/04/2014 from: http://korbedpsych.com/LinkedFiles/CalculatingReliability.pdf Krubu, D.E. and Osawaru, E. E. (2011): The Impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Nigerian University Libraries. Retrieved on 04/05/2014 from http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/~mbolin/krubu-osawaru.htm (Library Philosophy and Practice 2011) Kumar, M. (2009) University Libraries in Electronic Environment: Paradigm Shift. Department of Library and Information Science University of Delhi, India. Retrieved: 12/12/2011 from http://crl.du.ac.in/ical09/papers/index_files/ical16_182_384_3_RV.pdf Kuzel, A.J. (1999) "Sampling in Qualitative Inquiry," In Doing Qualitative Research, B. F. Crabtree and W. L. Miller (Ed.), Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA..
200
Laerd-Dissertation (2013) Purposive sampling. Retrieved on 18/03/2013 from http://dissertation.laerd.com/purposivesampling.php LaMarca, M and Brentrup, R. (2014): Managing a Collection of Electronic Information Resources. Retrieved on 04/05/2014 from http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/html/cnc9753/cnc9753.html Lynch, P. J. (1995) Yale University C/AIM WWW Style Guide. Available at http://info.med.yale.edu/caim/StyleManual_Top.html. Macaulay, J. (2006) Technical Skills and the Librarian. retrieved on 03/05/2014 from http://scruffynerf.wordpress.com/2006/07/19/technical-skillsthe-librarian/ Malhan, I. V. and Shivarama, R. K. (2011): Perspectives on Knowledge Management. Retrieved on 12/02/2013 from http://pdfs.scarecrowpress.com/SC/P_L/SCP_LIS_Catalog.pdf McGill, T., Hobbs, V., and Klobas, J. (2003): " User-Developed Applications and Information Systems Success: A Test of DeLone and McLeanʻs Model", Information Resources Management Journal, Vol. 16. MIS, BUK (2012): Management Information System Publications; Bayero University, Kano Moraga, A., Calero, C., and Piattini, M. (2006), "Comparing Different Quality Models for Portals", Online Information Review, Vol. 30, Iss: 5, pp.555 – 568. Mugo F. W. (2002) Sampling In Research. Retrieved on 10/04/2014 from https://profiles.uonbi.ac.ke/fridah_mugo/files/mugo02sampling.p df Nicotera, Cynthia L. (1999): Information Access by Design: Electronic Guidelines for Librarians. Information Technology and Libraries. 18 (2).
201
Nielsen, J. (1994): Ten Usability Heuristics. Use-it.com Retrieved 02/07/2013, from: http://www.useit.com/papers/heuristic/heuristic_list.html Nielsen, J. (2000): Novice vs. Expert Users. Use-it.com Retrieved 02/07/2013, from: http://www.useit.com/alertbox/20000206.html Nielsen, J. (2003): Usability 101: An Introduction to Usability. Useit.com Retrieved 02/07/2013, from: http://www.useit.com/alertbox/20030825.html Nielsen, J. (2004): Usability 101: An Introduction to Usability Icon. Use-it.com Retrieved 02/07/2013, from: http://www.useit.com/alertbox/20030825.html Nielsen, J. (2009): First 2 Words: A Signal for the Scanning Eye. Use-it.com Retrieved 02/07/2013, from: http://www.useit.com/alertbox/nanocontent.html Nielsen, J. (2009): Mega Drop-down Navigation Menus Work Well. Use-it.com. Retrieved 02/07/2013, from: http://www.useit.com/alertbox/nanocontent.html Nwezeh, C. M. T., Oluwasanmi, H. (2010): The Use of ICT in Nigerian Universities: A Case Study of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife: Library Philosophy and Practice 2010. http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/~mbolin/nwezeh3.htm Ojeda-Martı´nez C et al., (2008) A conceptual framework for the integral management of marine protected areas, Ocean and Coastal Management (2008), doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2008.10.004 Okoye M.O., and Ugwuanyi, C.F. (2012) Management of Electronic Resources by Cataloguers in Nigerian Federal University Libraries. Library Philosophy and Practice 2012; retrieved on 25/12/2013 from http://unllib.unl.edu/LPP/ Otter, M., and Johnson, H. (2000). Lost in Hyperspace: Metrics and Mental Models. Interacting with Computers, 13, 1-40. Retrieved 02/07/2013, from:
202
http://www.cs.odu.edu/~jbollen/spring03_IR/readings/otter2000. pdf Otter, M., and Johnson, H. (2000): Lost in Hyperspace: Metrics and Mental Models. Interacting with Computers, 13, 1-40. Retrieved 02/07/2013, from: http://www.cs.odu.edu/~jbollen/spring03_IR/readings/otter2000. pdf Patton, M.Q. (1990) Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods, Sage Publications, Newbury Park, Pienaar, H. (2003): Design and Development of an Academic Portal. Retrieved on 03/05/2014 from http://www.librijournal.org/pdf/2003-2pp118-129.pdf Pienaar, H.(2003) Design and Development of an Academic Porta. Printed in Germany: Libri, 2003, vol. 53, pp. 118–129 Pienaar, H., Conradie, F. 2001. Design and development of a portal for academics. 6th Southern African online information meeting, Kempton Park, South Africa,19–21 June 2001. URL: http://hagar.up.ac.za/catts/learner/heilap/portaalakademicilesin g.ppt retrieved on 03/05/2014. Pienaar, H., Conradie, F. 2001. Design and development of a portal for academics. 6th Southern African online information meeting, Kempton Park, South A frica, 19–21 June 2001. URL: http://hagar.up.ac.za/catts/ learner/heilap/portaalakademicilesing.ppt. Polit, D. F., and Beck, C. T. (2009). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (8th Edition). Philadelphia: Wolters Klower/Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Powel, W. and Gill, C. (2003) Web Content Management Systems in Higher Education (You can control a Web siteʼs look and fell while letting the owners of information control content). Retrieved on 04/05/2014 from https://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/eqm0325.pdf
203
Quan, X. Ling, F. Hongjum, L. (2010) Supporting web-based database application development. proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Advanced Systems for Advanced Applications. Hsinchu, Taiwan, IEEE Computer Society. Los Alamitos, CA. USA. 19-21, April, 2010. pp. 17-24. Rackspace, J. (2013) CMS Comparison: Drupal, Joomla and Wordpress Retrieved on 22/02/2013: http://www.rackspace.com/knowledge_center/article/cmscomparison-drupal-joomla-and-wordpress Rackspace, J. (2013) CMS Comparison: Drupal, Joomla and Wordpress Retrieved on 22/02/2013: http://www.rackspace.com/knowledge_center/article/cmscomparison-drupal-joomla-and-wordpress Rahim, M.M. (2008), "A Qualitative Evaluation of an Instrument for Measuring the Influence of Factors Affecting Use of Businessto-Employee (B2E) Portals", World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 46. Rai, A., Lang, S.S., and Welker, R.B. (2002), "Assessing the validity of IS Success Models: An empirical test and theoretical analysis". Information Systems Research, Vol. 13, pp. 50–69 Ramana, P. V. (2006), The changing role of librarian in a challenging dynamic web environment. 4th International Convention Caliber-, Gulbarga, 2-4 February, Inflibnet Centre, Ahmedabad. Raskin, J. (2000): The Humane Interface: New Directions for Designing Interactive Systems. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley. Ravitch, and Riggan. (2012) Reason and Rigor: How Conceptual Frameworks guide Research, Thousand Oaks CA: Sage p. xiii Reisinger, P. (2006).Evaluation of Content Management Systems. University of Innsbruck: Digital Enterprise Research Institute. (published Bachelor thesis. Retrieved on 04/05/2014 from http://www.sti-innsbruck.at/sites/default/files/thesis/2006-11reisinger-evalutaion_of_cms.pdf
204
Roblyer, M., and Wiencke, W. (2003). Design and use of a rubric to assess and encourage interactive qualities in distance courses. American Journal of Distance Education, 17(2), 77-98. Rognerud, J. 2008. Ultimate Guide to Search Engine Optimization: Drive Traffic, Boost Conversion Rates and Make Lots of Money. Entrepreneur Press, Madison Russo, N L. and Graham, B R. (1998) A first step in Developing a Web Application Design Methodology: Understanding the Environment in Wood-Harper A T, Jayaratna N and Wood J R G (eds.) Methodolgies for developing and Managing Emerging technology Based Information System. Russo, N. Graham, B. (2010) A first step in developing a web application design methodology: understanding the environment. proceedings of the Sixth International conference on Information Systems Methodology, Stalford University, Manchester, UK, 25-27 August, 2010. Ruth Gallegos Samuels, Henry Griffy (2012): Evaluating Open Source Software for Use in Library Initiatives: A Case Study Involving Electronic Publishing. portal: Libraries and the Academy, Vol. 12, No. 1 (2012), pp. 41–62.Copyright © 2012 by The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD 21218. Sano, D. (1996): Designing large-scale web sites: A visual design methodology. New York, NY : John Wiley. Salter, Anne A. (2003). Wanted-New Creations: dinosaurs Need not Apply, in Karl Bridges (ed.), Expectations of Librarians in the Twenty-First, Westport, Connectivut: Greenwood. Sharma, D., Sirtaj, R., Ahluwalia, P. K. and Singh, V. (2009), ʻWeb content management in universities using Joomla!: freedom all together, 7th International CALIBER, Pondicherry University, Puducherry. Shneiderman, B. (1997): Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction Third Edition. Addison-Wesley.
205
Shneiderman, B. (1998): Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Humancomputer Interaction (3rd ed.). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.178 Shneiderman, B. (2002): Leonardoʼs laptop: Human Needs and the New Computing Technologies. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Sharp, K.. (2000). Internet Librarianship: Traditional Roles in a New Environment. The IFLA Council and General Conference, Jerusalem, Israel, 13-18 August, Available at: http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla66/papers/005-120e.htm (Accessed 08/08/2014) Siegel, D. (1997) Secrets of Successful Web Sites: Project Management on the World Wide Web. Indianapolis. Hayden Books. Siegle, D. (2014) Validity. Retrieved on 10/04/2014 from: http://www.gifted.uconn.edu/siegle/research/instrument%20relia bility%20and%20validity/validity.htm Stake, R. E. (2005). “Qualitative case studies.” In Denzin, Norman K. and Lincoln, Yvonna S. eds. The sage handbook of qualitative research. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. pgs. 443-466. Stallings, W. (2005). Operating Systems, Internals and Design Principles. Pearson: Prentice Hall. Retrieved from 12/03/2014 from: https://7chan.org/pr/src/Operating_Systems__Internals_and_Design_Principle.pdf Stiffler-Dean, T. (2009), ʻwordpress vs Joomla Vs Drupalʼ, retrieved 21 November 2010, . Sunny, S. K. (2008) Evaluation of Open Source Content Management System: A Comparative Study. International CALIBER -2008, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, February 28-29 and March 1, 2008 © INFLIBNET Centre, Ahmedabad.
206
Retrieved on 04/05/2014 from http://ir.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/1944/1281/1/37.pdf Svarre, K. (2010), ʻContent management systemʼ, retrieved 23 November 2010, . Svarre, K. (2010), ʻContent management systemʼ, retrieved 23 November 2010, . Tellis W. (2014): Application of a Case Study Methodology. The Qualitative Report, Volume 3, Number 3, September, 2014 retrieved on 07/04/2014 from: http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR3-3/tellis2.html theshiftedlibrarian.com (2005): 20 Technology Skills Every Librarian Should Have. (Shifting Libraries at the speed of byte!); Thursday, July 21, 2005. Retrieved on 04/05/2014 from: http://www.theshiftedlibrarian.com/archives/2005/07/21/20_tech nology_skills_every_librarian_should_have.html Tofan, C. (2010), ʻThe application of Drupal to website development in academic librariesʼ, retrieved 23 November 2010, . Tofan, C. (2010), ʻThe application of Drupal to website development in academic librariesʼ, retrieved 23 November 2010, . Torkzadeh, G., and Doll, W.J. (1999): "The Development of a tool for Measuring the Perceived Impact of Information Technology on Work", Omega, International Journal of Management Science, Vol. 27. Tsui, L. (2006) A Handbook on Knowledge Sharing: Strategies and Recommendations for Researchers, Policymakers, and Service
207
Providers. Retrieved on 03/02/2014 from http://www.uws.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/405252/Kno wledge_Sharing_Handbook.pdf Urbach, N., Smolnik, S., and Riempp, G. (2011), "Determining the improvement potentials of employee portals using a performance-based analysis", Business Process Management Journal, Vol. 17, No. 5, pp. 829-845 Valtech, C L. and Basili V.R (2003) University of Maryland Iterative and Incremental Development: A Brief History. Retrieved on 04/05/2014 from http://www.craiglarman.com/wiki/downloads/misc/history-ofiterative-larman-and-basili-ieee-computer.pdf Veronica, C. (2014): What skills are required to be a Librarian? Retrieved on 04/05/2014 from http://lis510libraries.wikispaces.com/What+skills+are+required+to+be+a+li brarian Welling, L and Thomson, L. (2009) PHP and MySQL web development. Indianapolis. IN: Sans Publishing. Retrieved on 11/03/2014 from: http://wtf.tw/ref/welling.pdf Wichansky, A. (2000): Usability Test in 2000 and Beyond: Ergonomic, 43(7), 998-1006. Wiegers, K. (2009) Software process improvement in web time, IEEE software 16 (4) (2009) 78-86. William M. K. T. (2013): Nonprobability Sampling. Research Method: Knowledge Based. Retrieved on 20/03/2013 from. http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/sampnon.php. Willig, C. (2008). Introducing qualitative research in psychology: Adventures in theory and method. London: Open University Press. Witkowski, J. (2008), ʻCMS - content management system: content management systemʼ, retrieved 22 November 2010, .
208
Witkowski, J. (2008), ʻCMS - content management system: content management systemʼ, retrieved 22 November 2010, http://knol.google.com/k/jeff-witkowski/cmscontentmanagement-system/3uo0bldfjvjek/2 Yang, Z., Cai, S., Zhou, Z., and Zhou, N. (2005): "Development and validation of an instrument to measure user perceived service quality of information presenting Web portals", Information and Management, Vol. 42. Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods. SAGE Publications: Thousand Oaks, CA.
209
Appendix I Preliminary Study Questionnaire Department of Library and Information Sciences, Faculty of Education Bayero University, Kano. Sir/Ma, I am a postgraduate student of the above named department currently conducting a research titled: “Development of Library Portal for the management of electronic information resources and services in Bayero University Kano Library”. Please, kindly answer the following questions. All information provided will be held confidential and will be used for the purpose of this study only. Yours faithfully, Ibrahim Wada SPS/09/MLS/00008
210
1. Designation ___________________________________________________ INSTRUCTION: Please, read carefully before ticking (¥) the appropriate box or before providing answer where space is provided. Section A Bio-Data 2. Gender: a. Male [ ] b. Female [ ] 3. Age range a. 20-30 [ ] b. 31-40 [ ] c. 41-50 [ ] d. above 50 [ ] 4. Qualification a. DLS/OND/ND [ ] b. BA/BSC/BLS [ ] c. PGD/MSC/MLS [ ] d. PhD [ ] 5. Years of working experience a. 1-5 years [ ] b. 6-10 years [ ] c. 11-15 years [ ] d. Above 15 [ ]
211
6. Indicate the Information and Communication Technology tools in the Automation Section of the Library? S/No
7. a) b) c) d)
ICT Tools Computer Systems Operating system Linux Windows Others -------------------------------Network Connectivity Electronic Resources
Available
Non-available
Which of the following purposes does the library use Computer systems for? Internet accessibility [ ] Sharing resources [ ] E-library [ ] Others, specify………………………………………………………………… …
8.
Is the University library currently using a Content Management System (CMS) for managing Electronic Information Resource? (If “no”, please indicate below and continue to question 13) a. Yes, the Library has its own Content Management System [ ] b. Yes, the Library uses the universityʼs Content Management System [ ] c. No [ ]
212
9. What type of Content Management System does your library use? a. Commercial [ ] b. Open source [ ] c. Donʼt know [ ] d. Other, specify………………………………………………………………… 10. What is the name of the CMS tool that your library uses?............................................. 11. How long has the library been using the Content Management System? a. 1-2 years [ ] b. 3-4 years [ ] c. 5-7 years [ ] d. Above 8 years [ ] 12. How do you find the use of CMS to be? a. Very Satisfied [ ] b. Satisfied [ ] c. Fairly Satisfied [ ] d. Not Satisfied [ ]
213
13.
For what reason(s) do you believe Bayero University Kano Library needs a library portal? Please, indicate the extent you agree with the following statement. KEY: {SA: Strongly Agree; A: Agreed; D: Disagreed; Strongly Disagreed} S/No Needs for Library Portal SA To create, store, preserve, publish information resources to her clienteles To encourage and manage publications among lecturers and researchers To develop customized interface for direct and easy accessibility to the subscribed databases To manage large volume of students’ researches To create enabling environment for lecturerstudents interactions To create avenue for resources sharing among faculties and similar institutions
14.
A
D
SD
How beneficial do you perceive Library portal to be for the students and researchers in Bayero University Kano? a. Highly beneficial [ ] b. Beneficial [ ] c. Fairly beneficial [ ] d. Not beneficial [ ] 15. Will the University Library consider using a Library portal for managing its electronic information resources? a. Yes. [ ] b. No. [ ] 16. If your library is considering a library portal, which type is it considering the most? a. Commercial [ ] b. Free Open source. [ ] c. I donʼt know [ ]
214
17.
If “no” would you recommend the adoption of Library portal for the Library? a. Yes [ ] b. No [ ] c. I donʼt know [ ] Thank you.
215
Appendix II
Department of Library and Information Sciences, Faculty of Education, Bayero University, Kano.
[email protected]: Email 2348065463632: GSM Sir/Ma, Introductory Letter I am a research student in the above Department conducting a research titled: “Development of Library Portal for the Management of Electronic Information Resources and Services in Bayero University Library Kano-Nigeria”, in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of Masters in Library Science (MLS) I am so grateful that you have been selected to participate in this study. This research will provide you with an opportunity to share your thoughts, views and knowledge, which will help the researcher, develops Library Portal. You do not have to fill out this questionnaire if you do not want to. However, your participation is very important. With full assurance all the information provided will be treated with the highest level of confidentiality and will be used only for educational purpose. Instructions Please read each question carefully and answer as accurately as you can. The questions require you to place either a √ or an X in the box in front of your response, or write where appropriate.
Ibrahim Wada
216
Questionnaire Automation Librarians /System Staff in Bayero University Library, Kano Section One: Demography of Respondents Gender 1. Please select your gender: i. Male [ ] ii. Female [ ] 2. Please, what is designation?______________________________
your
Age 3. Please, select your age range i. Between 25 to 30 years [ ] ii. Between 31 to 35 years [ ] iii. Between 36 to 40 years [ ] iv. Between 41 to 45 years [ ] v. Above 45 years [ ] Qualification 4. Please, indicate your highest educational qualification: i. PhD [ ] ii. MLS [ ] iii. MSc [ ] iv. PGD [ ] v. BA [ ] vi. BLS [ ] vii. BSC [ ] viii. Others, please specify………………………………………………
217
Working Experience 5. Please, select the range of your working experience. i. Between 1 to 3 years [ ] ii. Between 4 to 8 years [ ] iii. Between 9 to 12 years [ ] iv. Above 12 years [ ] Computer knowledge/skills acquisition through Informal Medium 6. In an effort to acquire additional computer skills, through which of the following informal medium did you improve your computer knowledge? i. Trial and error practices (self study) [ ] ii. Reading computer books (self study) [ ] iii. Computer Business Center [ ] iv. Friend/colleague tutoring and guidance [ ] v. Others, specify…………………………………………………………….. Section Two: Computer Proficiency of Respondents NOTE: Your responses to the questions below will guide the researcher in developing Library Portal with functionalities such as: Content Creation, Content Processing, Content Linking, Content Organization, Site Organization, Access Control and Presentation style. Area of Computer Specialization 7. Rate your level of computer specialization in the following computer programs based on your computer knowledge/skills
218
Key: 4:Very Good (VG); 3:Good (G); 2: Fairly Good (FG); 1: Not Good (NG) S/NO Area of Specialization VG G FG NG i. Microsoft Office Packages (e.g. MS-word, MS-Excel, etc) ii. Desktop Publishing (e.g. CorelDraw, Photoshop, Photo studio etc) iii. Database Administration and tuning (e.g. Access, SQL, MySQL, Oracle, etc.) iv. Software Development (Java, C, C++, PHP, etc.) v. Computer Networking (CISCO, Mikrotik, Cable technology, etc) vi. Computer Maintenance and Repair (Software and Hardware)
vii.
Others, please specify………………………………………….
Area of Computer Competency 8. How skilful are you in using computer to perform the following tasks? Key: 4.Very Competent (VC) 3. Competent (C) 2. Fairly Competent (FC) 1. Not Competent (NC) S/NO
Computer tasks Folder creation and renaming Internet browsing/surfing e-Mail creation and use Social Media chatting Software installations Simple networking diagnosis Security/privacy Basic hardware terminology Common keyboard commands Virus/malware scanning Browser settings Configuration Search engines use
VC
C
FC
NC
Others, please specify…………………………………………..…….
219
Relevance of Computer Knowledge/Skills 9. How relevant do you consider computer knowledge/skills to your job functions in the automation unit? Key: 4: Very relevant (VR); 3: relevant (R); 2: Less relevant (LR) 1: Not relevant (NR) S/NO i. ii. iii. iv. v.
Relevance of Computer skills and Knowledge VR R LR NR Managing the automated library system Managing the library materials security system Managing library system data Managing ICT equipments Managing complaints of ICT equipments' malfunction
vi. Others, please specify…………………………………………...
Section Three Electronic Resources and Service to be Provided via Library Portal Data Management Software 10. Have you ever engaged in data management using Data Management software in the automation section of Bayero University Library Kano? i. Yes [ ] ii. No [ ] Frequency of using Data Management Software 11. Having been involved in data management activities in the library, how frequent did you use any of the following software?
220
Key: 4: Frequently Used (FU); 3: Occasionally used (OU) 2: Used when need arise (UWNA); 1: Never Used (NU) S/No i. ii. iii.
i.
Data Management Software FU OU UWNA NU Access or Excel Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) Virtual Automation Management
Others, specify…………………………………………………………………..
Ease of using Library Portal 12. Based on your level of computer proficiency and experience on data management activities, if a library portal is developed for you to manage electronic information resources and service, how easy would you find it? S/NO i. ii. iii. iv.
Library Portal Option Very easy Easy Fairly easy Not easy
Training Medium 13. If a Library portal has some functional features you are not familiar with, which of the following training medium would you prefer to enable you acquire technical know-how on how to manage electronic information resource with it? Key: 4: Most Preferred (MP); 3: Preferred (P) 2: Less Preferred (LP); 1: Not Preferred (MP) S/No i. ii. iii.
iv.
Training Medium MP P LP NP Online training Face to face training Self training
Others………………………………………………………
221
Documentation/Help 14. In case you need a documentation/help manual to guide you to learn more on how to use a Library portal to manage electronic information resources and services, in what form would you prefer it? Key: 4: Most Preferred (MP); 3: Preferred (P) 2: Less Preferred (LP); 1: Not Preferred (NP) S/No i. ii. iii. iv. v.
Documentation/Help MP P LP NP Hypertext Markup Language HTLM Portable Data Format: PDF Microsoft word Audio clip Video
Form of presenting Electronic Information Resources on a library portal 15. Based on your working experience and level of computer proficiency, how do you rate your preference for electronic information resources to be provided on a library portal in the following forms? Key: 4: Most Preferred (MP); 3: Preferred (P) 2: Less Preferred (LP); 1: Not Preferred S/No i. ii. iii. iv.
Electronic Information Resources MP P LP NP HTML form (embedded) Portable Data Format (PDF) Microsoft Word form Flash slides (floating)
Format of Picture presentation 16. Use of picture or images on web-based information resources is essential and helpful in information dissemination. Which of the following picture formats would you consider to use on Library portal?
222
Key: 4: Most Preferred (MP); 3: Preferred (P) 2: Less Preferred (LP); 1: Not Preferred (NP) S/No i. ii. iii. iv.
Picture presentation MP P LP NP Bitmap (BMP) Graphic Interface Format (GIF) Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPG) Portable Network Graphics (PNG)
i.
Others, please specify……………………………………………. Format of Audio presentation 17. Based on your area of computer specialisation, which of the following formats of Audio clips would you consider appropriate for presentation on Library portal? Key: 4: Most appropriate (MA); 3: Appropriate (A); 2: Less Appropriate (LA); 1: Not Appropriate (NA) S/No i. ii. iii.
ii.
Format of Audio presentation MA A LA NA MPEG-III (Mp3) Waveform Audio File Format (WAVE) Windows Media Audio Format (WMP)
Others, specify………………………………………………….
Form of Video presentation 18. Based on your areas of computer specialisation, which of the following Video formats would you consider appropriate for presentation on library portal? Key: 4: Most appropriate (MA); 3: Appropriate (A); 2: Less Appropriate (LA); 1: Not Appropriate (NA) S/No i. ii. iii. iv.
v.
Video presentation MA A LA NA Fly Video MPEG-4 (Mp4 video) SWF Video Third Generation Partnership Project (3GP) Video
Others, specify………………………………………………….
223
Type of Information Services to be provided on the Library portal 19. Based on your working experience, how would you rate your preference for the following information services on a library portal? Key: 4: Most Preferred (MP); 3: Preferred (P) 2: Less Preferred (LP); 1: Not Preferred (NP) S/No i. ii. iii. iv.
Information Services to be provided on the Library portal MP P LP NP Abstracting service Current awareness Service Indexing service Online Reference Services
v.
Others, please…………………………………………………
Interactivity Channels 20. As part of information services provision in the library through library portal, which of the following channels would you prefer to interact with library clienteles? Key: 4: Most Preferred (MP); 3: Preferred (P) 2: Less Preferred (LP); 1: Mot Preferred S/No i. ii. iii. iv.
i.
Interactivity Channels MP P LP NP Chat forum Online Complaint form Online Request form Online Suggestion form
Others, please specify……………………………………………. Thanks for your contributions!
224
Appendix III Focus Group Discussion Check List S/No
Topic
i.
Product Overview (Basic Information, Technology, Status and Installation Creation & Publishing (Content Creation/Authoring, Content Review, Content Publishing and Repurposing, Content Metadata Tagging Presentation (Templates, Customization and Personalization, ) Content Retrieval (Metadata Generation, Search Features, Navigation Structure ) Technical (Compliance, Reliability and Performance, Content Aggregation and Syndication, Content Migration, Security, Content Repository, Reporting and Monitoring) Interdependencies (Interfacing with External Systems, Interfacing with Internal Systems, ) Support and Training Findings and Choice Joomla
ii.
iii. iv. v.
vi.
vii. viii.
225
Five (5) Participant
Appendix IV Library Portal Inspection Checklist for Experts Instruction One: Inspect the library portal and comment briefly if you find any problem therein using the criteria below: a) No Problem (NP): I donʼt agree that this is a usability problem b) Cosmetic Problem (CP): Need not fixed unless extra time is available on project c) Trivial Problem (TP): fixing this should be given a low priority d) Major Problem (MP) important to fix, should be given high pri e) Usability Catastrophe (UC): Imperative this is fixed before deployment Instruction Two: Indicate the Scale in a box beside each item before commenting i. Interface of the Library portal
ii. Visual perception of the Library portal
iii. Visual theme of the Library portal
iv. Organizational scheme of the Library portal
v. Consistency of the Library portal
vi. Standard of the Library portal
vii. Flexibility of the Library portal
viii. Simplicity of the Library portal
Thank you for your time.
226
Appendix V
227
Appendix VI
228
