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A new species of Poliaspoides MacGillivray (Hemiptera, Diaspididae) on Bambusa siamensis (Poaceae) imported into Turkey ARTICLE in ZOOTAXA · AUGUST 2013 Impact Factor: 0.91 · DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3694.5.7
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2 AUTHORS: Selma Ülgentürk
Giuseppina Pellizzari
Ankara University
University of Padova
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Zootaxa 3694 (5): 493–499 www.mapress.com /zootaxa / Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press
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http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3694.5.7 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2FB594E0-5F7B-42A6-908C-D3D68EFB48C9
A new species of Poliaspoides MacGillivray (Hemiptera, Diaspididae) on Bambusa siamensis (Poaceae) imported into Turkey SELMA ULGENTURK1 & GIUSEPPINA PELLIZZARI2 1
University of Ankara Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Dışkapı Ankara, 06110, Turkey. E-mail:
[email protected] 2 University of Padova, Dipartimento di Agronomia, Animali, Alimenti, Risorse Naturali e Ambiente DAFNAE, viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy. E-mail:
[email protected]
Abstract The adult female and first-instar nymph of a new species of armoured scale insect, Poliaspoides bambusae sp.n. (Diaspididae), is described and illustrated. The new species was collected in Turkey on imported ornamental Bambusa siamensis (Poaceae) from an unknown source. Key words: armoured scale insects, bamboo, Turkey, Asia
Introduction The scale insect fauna of bamboos is very rich. More than 150 species belonging to several families (Pseudococcidae, Coccidae, Aclerdidae, Eriococcidae, Asterolecaniidae and Diaspididae) are known on bamboos in Asia (Wang et al., 1998), with 127 species attacking bamboos in China alone (Fang et al., 2001). Several new species of scale insects on bamboos have been described recently (Pellizzari & Danzig, 2007; Aono, 2009; Takagi, 2009; Takagi & Martin, 2010; Wu, 2010; Wu & Lu, 2012) and many more may await discovery. The increasing world-wide trade of ornamental bamboos has led to the accidental introduction and spread of bamboo scales to new areas. As a consequence, scale insects on bamboos are recorded far from their countries of origin e.g. Palmicultor lumpurensis (Takahashi), Chaetococcus bambusae(Maskell), Balanococcus kwoni Pellizzari & Danzig, Trionymus bambusae (Green) (Pseudococcidae) (Williams, 2003; Hodges & Hodges, 2004; Pellizzari & Danzig, 2007; Jansen, 2009; Malumphy & Badmin, 2012). On February 15, 2011, an apparently new diaspidid species was collected on ornamental plants of Bambusa siamensis (Poaceae) growing indoors in a shopping centre at Ankara (Turkey) which had been imported to western Asia from an unknown source in eastern or southern Asia. The scales were concealed under the leaf sheaths of the host plant. The adult female and first-instar nymph of the new species are described and illustrated.
Material and methods Specimens were mounted according to the procedures of Kosztarab and Kozár (1988). Measurements and frequencies are given as a mean, followed by the ranges in parentheses. Terminology follows that of Takagi (1995). Specimen depositories: holotype and paratypes in the Scale Insect Collection of the Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey (AUAT); one paratype in the collection of the British Museum of Natural History, London, UK (BMNH).
Accepted by C.J. Hodgson: 19 Jul. 2013; published: 7 Aug. 2013
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Genus Poliaspoides MacGillivray Natalaspis MacGillivray, 1921: 309. Type species: Chionaspis simplex Green. Subsequently designated by Ferris, 1938: 71. Poliaspoides MacGillivray, 1938: 71. Type species: Odonaspis simplex formosana. Subsequently designated by Ben-Dov & Takagi, 1974: 45.
Diagnosis: body elongate, antennae with 2 setae, pygidium and lateral areas of prepygidial segments sclerotised, pygidium slightly rounded with crenulated margin; plates, lobes, spines, marginal sclerosis absent; ducts scattered; dorsal ducts on pygidium larger than ventral ducts; with or without perivulvar pores in 5 groups. At present, the genus Poliaspoides includes three species: P. formosana (Takahashi), P. simplex (Green) and P. leptocarpi (Brittin). Of these, P. formosana and P. simplex were collected off bamboos (Poaceae) whereas P. leptocarpi is monophagous on Apodasmia (=Leptocarpus) similis (Restinaceae), which is endemic to New Zealand (Henderson, 2011). With regard to their distribution, P. formosana and P. simplex are Asiatic species, the first having been recorded from China, Malaysia, Philippines and Taiwan and introduced into some Indian Ocean islands (Mauritius, Reunion) and African countries (Kenya, Mozambique and South Africa) (Takagi, 1995; BenDov et al., 2012), whilst the latter is known only from India and Sri Lanka. P. leptocarpi is currently restricted to New Zealand.
Poliaspoides bambusae sp. n. Ülgentürk & Pellizzari Description. Material examined: Holotype: Adult female, Ankara, Turkey, 15.ii. 2011, ex Bambusa siamensis imported from eastern or southern Asia (source unknown), coll: Ülgentürk, slide n. 3007 (AUAT). Paratypes: 3 adult females and 3 first-instar nymphs (latter within body of adult females), same data as holotype, slides n. 3008 (2 ♀♀), 4544 (AUAT) and 1 female on 1 slide (n. 4543) in the collection of the British Museum of Natural History, London, UK (BMNH). Adult female (Fig. 1) Unmounted specimens: Scale cover white and oval; exuviae transparent. Body oval-pyriform, with head and thorax wider than abdomen. Mounted specimens: Body elongate, inversely pyriform, 1.2 (0.95–1.45) mm long and 0.67 (0.56–0.77) mm wide at mesothorax. Derm sclerotised on margins of thorax and abdomen, medial part membranous. Venter: Antenna tubercle-like, with 2 setae and 2 associated sensilla. Anterior and posterior spiracles with peritreme about 13 µm wide. Anterior spiracle with 1–4 spiracular trilocular pores; posterior spiracle without spiracular pores but with a group of 3–7 microducts close to peritreme within an area of sclerotisation. Microducts found more or less throughout but sparsely along submargin of head and thorax, distributed in transverse rows on abdomen, in groups of 4–10 on submargin of abdominal segments I–IV and medially on abdominal segment IV; sparse on pygidium. Dermal striations present on margin between abdominal segments III and IV and IV and V and on pygidial margin. Intersegmental indentations present between anterior abdominal segments. Pygidium slightly rounded, 380 (350–400) µm wide at widest point, sclerotised, with small sclerotised marginal indentations and with longitudinal cuticular striations. Lobes, plates, gland spines and perivulvar pores absent. Vulva sclerotised and situated more or less beneath anal opening. Dorsum: With 3 large submarginal macroducts on each side of pygidium; microducts, similar to those on venter, scattered medially on pygidium plus groups of 3–9 on marginal and submarginal areas of each prepygidial segment. With three marginal setae and two submarginal setae on each side. Anal opening minute, surrounded by a dark ring, 16 µm wide (including dark ring), located at centre of pygidium. Comments. Poliaspoides bambusae clearly differs from P. formosana (characters of P. formosana in brackets) in the absence of perivulvar pores (present in 5 groups), presence of dorsal ducts of two sizes (one size only), and in having only 1–4 trilocular pores associated with each anterior spiracle (4–10, according to Ben-Dov & Takagi, 1974).
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FIGURE 1. Poliaspoides bambusae n. sp.: adult female.
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The adult female of P. bambusae differs from that of P. simplex (characters of P. simplex in brackets) in the absence of perivulvar pores (present in 5–7 groups) and the absence of spiracular pores near each posterior spiracle but with a group of microducts in this position (1-3 spiracular pores around posterior spiracles (Green, 1899)). The absence of perivulvar pores in the adult female is usually associated with viviparity or ovoviviparty, and this is confirmed by the presence of first-instar nymphs within the body of P. bambusae.
First-instar nymph (fig. 2 ) Described from 3 specimens, in good condition, within the adult female body. Mounted specimen: oval, with lateral margin almost parallel, 240 µm long and 132 µm wide. Margin: marginal setae, numbering 15 on each side of body margin. Eyes present. Venter: antennae 5 segmented, segment lengths (µm): scape 9, with 2 short flagellate setae; pedicel 8, with one flagellate seta; III 6, with one setose seta; IV 8, without setae; V 16, with 3 flagellate and 3 fleshy setae, plus an apical seta about 22 µm long. Labium 29 µm long and 33 µm wide. Legs well developed, each with an enlarged femur. Measurements of hind leg (µm): coxa 16; trochanter + femur: 24, width of femur at widest point 13; tibia + tarsus 17; claw 6; tarsal and claw digitules capitate, longer than claws. Anterior spiracles each with one associated trilocular pore; posterior spiracles without pores. One pair of microducts present on head, plus one microduct on submargin of each abdominal segment, and an additional microduct submedially on abdominal segments VI and VIII. Ventral setae: three pairs between antennae and one pair submedially on each thoracic segment; very short setae distributed in submedial and submarginal longitudinal single rows on abdominal segments II-VIII. Anal lobe setae each about 105 µm long. A broad sclerotized process, with 3Žƌ4 cusps and a long sclerotised base present laterad to each anal lobe seta, on abdominal segment VIII; also with six smaller processes, each with 2ʹ6 cusps, present along body margin of preceding segments. Dorsum: With a pair of enlarged macroducts on head, each 11 µm long and 8 µm wide, plus a pair of microducts on submedian area of prothorax. Dorsal setae: 2 pairs submedially on head, one short pair submedially on meso- and metathorax, and one short pair submedially on each abdominal segment. Anal tube 3-5 µm in diameter, located 3 times its diameter from apex of pygidium. Comments. The first-instar nymph of Poliaspoides bambusae is similar to that of P. formosana described by Ben-Dov & Takagi (1974) and by Takagi (1995) but differs in having 6 processes, each with 2–6 cusps, along each margin of the abdomen (P. formosana has 8 tricuspidal processes). Moreover, P. bambusae lacks the pair of sharp sclerotised processes between the two anal lobe setae noted on P. formosana. The first-instar nymph of P. leptocarpi, described by Henderson (2011), clearly differs from P. bambusae and P. formosana (characters of P. bambusae and P. formosana in brackets) in having: 6 segmented antennae (5 segmented), no abdominal processes (present) and no pairs of enlarged ducts on head (present). Etymology. The new species is named after the name of host plant, Bambusa siamensis.
Key to Poliaspoides living on bamboos (Poaceae) based on adult females 1 2 -
Perivulvar disc-pores absent; with 3 large submarginal dorsal macroducts on each side of pygidium . . . . . P. bambusae n. sp. Perivulvar disc-pores present in 5-7 groups; without large submarginal dorsal macroducts on each side of pygidium . . . . . . . 2 With spiracular pores present near posterior spiracle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. simplex Without spiracular pores near posterior spiracle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. formosana
Discussion The new species P. bambusae is tentatively placed in the genus Poliaspoides MacGillivray even though the adult female exhibits some morphological differences from the other bamboo-inhabiting Poliaspoides species, P. formosana and P. simplex, i.e. absence of perivulvar pores, posterior spiracles without spiracular pores but with 3– 7 microducts in this position, and presence of 3 large submarginal dorsal macroducts on each side of the pygidium. On the other hand, the first-instar nymph of P. bambusae is very similar to that of P. formosana (Ben-Dov & Takagi, 1974; Takagi, 1995).
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FIGURE 2. Poliaspoides bambusae n. sp.: first-instar nymph.
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P. formosana, P. simplex and P. bambusae all share bamboo as their host plant: P. formosana has been collected from Bambusa multiplex, B. stenostachya, B. vulgaris, Bambusa sp., Dendrocalamus sp. (Ben-Dov et al., 2012), Schyzostachium diffusum and S. lumampao (Takagi, 1995). P. simplex is known from Bambusa sp., and P. bambusae now from B. siamensis. The adult female of the non-bamboo feeding P. leptocarpi differs from the other Poliaspoides species in having the antennal tubercle with 3 or 4 setae and both anterior and posterior spiracles without spiracular pores (Ben-Dov, 1976). Its first instar, described by Henderson (2011), is also clearly different from the first instars of P. formosana and P. bambusae. Takagi (1995) doubted whether P. leptocarpi was correctly placed in the genus Poliaspoides (Takagi, 1995, p.37, as Natalaspis leptocarpi) because of these differences and because of the different host plant: P. leptocarpi is monophagous on Apodasmia (=Leptocarpus) similis (Restinaceae), endemic to New Zealand. The differences in the first-instar nymph morphology, highlighted by Henderson (2011), support Takagi’s views. P. formosana is presently known only from east Asia, and a few African countries and islands in the Indian Ocean (Takagi, 1995; Ben-Dov et al., 2012), whereas P. simplex is known only from India and Sri Lanka. The new species P. bambusae has clearly been accidentally introduced into Turkey with the trade of ornamental bamboos.
Acknowledgements We are grateful to Dr. Daniele Matile-Ferrero (Museum National Histoire Natural, Paris, France) and Doug Williams (Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, London, U. K.) for their comments and advice and to Dr. M. Bora Kaydan (Imamoğlu Vocational School, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey) for his help with the drawings of P. bambusae and for reviewing the manuscript.
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