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Zootaxa 3681 (1): 073–078 www.mapress.com / zootaxa / Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press
ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)
Article
ZOOTAXA ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3681.1.4 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1C071C25-B70E-4D82-9269-D9AC15DB792B
New species of Paracerura (Collembola: Isotomidae) from Minas Gerais State, Brazil MARIA CLEIDE DE MENDONÇA¹,³ & TATIANA CRISTINA DA SILVEIRA¹,² ¹Departamento de Entomologia, Museu Nacional / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista s/n, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20940-040, Brazil. E-mail:
[email protected] 2 MsC student do Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, UNIRIO.E-mail:
[email protected] ³Corresponding author
Abstract The present paper describes Paracerura gandarela sp. nov.based on material from the Serra do Gandarela Mts., Municipality of Caeté, State of Minas Gerais. The new species is the sixth of the Neotropical genus Paracerura Deharveng & Oliveira, 1994 with distribution limited to Brazil. P. gandarela sp. nov. differs from other congeners especially by sensillary set on abdominal segments IV–V and characteristic pigmentation of the body. An identification key to species of the the genus is given. Key words: taxonomy, chaetotaxy, Iron ore soil, southeastern Brazil
Introduction Paracerura Deharveng & Oliveira, 1994 is a Neotropical genus known only within Brazil, which stands out by conspicuous colour of their species. Up to the present the genus comprised five species altogether. Two of them, P. virgata Deharveng & Oliveira, 1994 and P. airesi Mendonça et al., 2009 are distributed in northern Brazil while the others, P. itatiaiensis (Arlé, 1959), P. serrana Mendonça et al., 2009 and P. pindorama Queiroz & Mendonça, 2010 appear in Brazilian southeast. The study of the Collembola fauna carried out in Minas Gerais State (southeast Brazil) revealed a new species of Paracerura found in the mountain range of Gandarela situated in the “Quadrilátero Ferrífero” (Iron Quadrangle) which extends over 7.200 km². The soil is basically formed of iron ore and the vegetation can be classified into three major types, namely, rainforest (Atlantic forest), open pasture with patches of stunted vegetation (“Cerrado”) and vegetation growing in clayey iron ore soil (“Canga”). Paracerura gandarela sp.nov. is described and illustrated based on specimens collected in litter from Atlantic forest which grows up on the slopes of Serra do Gandarela. The new species differs easily from others belonging to the genus by a characteristic sensillary set on abdominal segments IV–V and characteristic colour pattern of the body.
Material and methods The studied specimens were collected from litter and soil on montane vegetation in range of “Serra do Gandarela” whose soil is basically formed of iron ore. The material was extracted with Berlese-Tullgren funnels, bleached, and mounted on glass slides with liquid of Arlé & Mendonça (glycerine, lactic acid and chloral hydrate). The typematerial has been deposited in the Collembola Collection at Departamento de Entomologia, Museu Nacional/ UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil, under the acronym CM/MNRJ. Abbreviations used: Ant.––antennal segments, Abd.––abdominal segments, Tita––tibiotarsus, a––anterior, c—central, d––dorsal, p––posterior, v––ventral.
Accepted by Wanda Maria Weiner: 3 May 2013; published: 19 Jun. 2013
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Taxonomy Family Isotomidae Schäffer, 1896 Genus Paracerura Deharveng & Oliveira, 1994 Paracerura gandarela sp. nov. Figs 1–16, Tab. 1 Type locality. “Serra do Gandarela”, State of Minas Gerais, Caeté municipality, Rain forest litter, lat/long coordinates 20°1’49.91”S; 43°40’43.83”W about 1.500 meters a.s.l. Type material. Holotype: female on slide (label 2289 CM/MNRJ). Southeast Brazil, State of Minas Gerais, Caeté Municipality “Serra do Gandarela”, 02.XII.2011, Abrantes & Silveira leg. Paratypes: 3 females on slide (label 2117 CM/MNRJ) Southeast Brazil, State of Minas Gerais, Caeté Municipality “Serra do Gandarela”, 09.VII.2011, Abrantes & Silveira; 1 female on slide (label 2292 CM/MNRJ) Southeast Brazil, State of Minas Gerais, Caeté Municipality “Serra do Gandarela”, 02.XII.2011, Abrantes & Silveira leg. Etymology. The name refers to the “Serra do Gandarela” Mts., southeastern Brazil, where the species was discovered. Description. Body length of holotype 1.09 mm. Habitus typical of the genus. Integument with visible primary granulation. Colour yellowish. Antennae with diffused bluish pigment, darker in apical parts of the segments. Head yellow with a small bluish spot on posterior region. Abdominal tergites IV–VI with irregular transversal bands of dark pigment. Ventral side of head, body and furca pale (Fig. 1). Body chaetotaxy with abundant smooth ordinary chaetae of different size (Fig. 2). Axial chaetotaxy without definite pattern. Macrochaetae not differentiated. Macrosensillary and microsensillary set as 3,3/2,2,2,6,7 and 1,1/ 1,1,0,0,0 by half tergite, respectively (Figs 2, 3). Tergite of abdominal segment V with 4+4 ordinary sensilla and 3+3 stout sensilla having a rough surface (Fig. 3). Eyes 8+8 in dark patch; E and F (15µm) smaller than others (25µm). Postantennal organ (45µm) elongated and elliptical, with chitinous borders and 3–4 surrounding chaetae (Fig. 4). Antennae longer than head diagonal with abundant ordinary chaetae. Ratio antennae: diagonal head= 1,15: 1,0. Ratio of antennal segments I:II:III:IV = 1,0:2,1:1,8:2,3 (60, 130, 113 and 140 µm, respectively). Ant. I with 5 microchaetae (2 dorsal, 3 ventral), 3 short sensilla (7µm) and 1 longer ventral sensillum (10µm) (Fig. 5, 6). Ant. II with 4 basal microchaetae (1 dorsal, 1 ventral, 2 lateral) and 1–2 lateral external sensilla (6µm) (Fig. 7). Ant. III with 2 broad sensory rods (12µm) partly covered by the integumentary fold, 1+1 guard sensilla (11µm), 1 dorsolateral sensillum, about 10 thin and short dorsal sensilla and 1 dorso-lateral basal microchaeta (Fig. 8). Ant IV with 1 roundish subapical microsensillum (organite) (4µm) protected by 1 curved chaeta and 1 very thin sensillum, poorly differentiated from ordinary chaetae. Labrum with roundish apical folds, ventral ciliation, 4 prelabral and 5,5,4 labral chaetae inserted on papillae. Maxillary capitulum with 3 teeth, 6 subequal lamellae showing marginal ciliation. Maxillary outer lobe bifurcated with 4 sublobal chaetae. Labial palps complete, with 5 papillae and a lateral process reaching beyond papilla E, 3+3 proximal and 5+5 baso-medial chaetae. Head with 3+3 chaetae along ventral line. Femora I and II with 1 chaeta in the inner side, longer than others (60 µm) (Fig. 9). Tibiotarsi I, II, III with 26, 27, 50 chaetae, respectively; distal whorls with 8 chaetae, tenent hairs pointed. Unguis long and thin (56µm) with 1 inner, 1+1 lateral and 1 dorsal tooth. Unguiculus long and thin (13µm), apical filament absent (Fig. 9). Ventral tube with 6+6 distal, 6+6 anterior and 8 posterior chaetae (Fig. 10). Retinaculum (42 µm) with 4+4 teeth and 5–6 chaetae on corpus (Fig. 11). Subcoxa furcal anterior with 16 and subcoxa posterior with 33 chaetae. Manubrium (265µm) having about 16 central, 25+25 distal and 30+30 lateral chaetae on anterior view (Fig. 12). Dens long (410 µm) and crenulated with about 90 anterior, 20–25 posterior ordinary chaetae (Fig. 13) and 21 foilchaetae on internal side (Fig. 14). Mucro (25µm) with 4 teeth, 1 internal proximal, 2 robust medial and 1 shorter apical (Fig. 15). Ratio manubrium : dens : mucro = 10,6:16,4:1,0. Female genital plate as in Fig. 16.
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FIGURES 1–8: Paracerura gandarela sp. nov.: 1, habitus; 2, chaetotaxy of Th.II–Abd.III; 3, sensillar pattern of Abd. IV–V; 4, PAO and eyes; 5, antennal segment I, dorsal view; 6, antennal segment I, ventral view; 7, antennal segment II, dorsal view; 8, antennal segments III–IV, dorsal view.
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FIGURE 9–16: Paracerura gandarela sp.nov.: 9, leg I; 10, ventral tube, ventral view; 11, retinaculum; 12, manubrium, ventral view; 13, dens, dorsal view; 14, proximal region of dens, ventral view; 15, mucro; 16, female genital plate.
Key to the world species of Paracerura 1 2 3
Anterior face of manubrium with more than 20 distal chaetae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Anterior face of manubrium with less than 20 distal chaetae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Antennal IV without subapical organite; organ antennal III with exposed sensilla; antennal I with two ventral microchaetae and sensilla with subequal size P. virgata Deharveng & Oliveira, 1994 (Amazonas) Antennal IV with subapical organite; organ antennal III with covered sensilla; antennal I with three ventral microchaetae and sensilla with different size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Antennal I with two ventral sensilla and four dorsal microchaetae; unguiculus with apical filament; body with plurichaetosis .
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4 5 -
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … P.serrana Mendonça, Abrantes & Fernandes, 2009 (Minas Gerais) Antennal I with four ventral sensilla and two dorsal microchaetae; unguiculus without apical filament; body without plurichaetosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P.gandarela sp. nov. (Minas Gerais) Unguiculus without apical filament . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Unguiculus with apical filament . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. itatiaiensis (Arlé, 1959) (Rio de Janeiro) Antennal I with three ventral and two dorsal microchaetae and three ventral sensilla with different size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. pindorama Queiroz & Mendonça, 2010 (Espirito Santo) Antennal I with two ventral and three dorsal microchaetae and two subequal ventral sensilla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P airesi Mendonça, Fernandes & Abrantes, 2009 (Tocantins)
TABLE 1. Diagnostic characters of species of the genus Paracerura. Features
gandarela sp.nov.
pindorama
airesi
serrana
itatiaiensis
virgata
Body length
1.09 mm
1.25 mm
1.43 mm
1.58 mm
up to 1.10 mm
0.7–1.1 mm
Colour pattern yellowish with dark pigment
yellowish
Bluish
brownish
violaceous
yellowish and violaceous
Ant. IV subapical microsensilla
–
–
+
–
?
–
Ant. IV subapical organite
+
+
+
+
–
Ant. III organ partially covered partially covered partially covered covered sensilla
covered
long /exposed
Ant. I microchaetae
2 d/3 v
2 d/3 v
3 d/2 v
4 d/3 v
?
2 d/2 v
Ant. I ventral sensilla
3 short/1 longer
2 short/1 longer
2 short
2 short/1 longer ?
2 subequal
Plurichaetosis –
–
–
+
–
–
Abd. IV–V sensilla
6+6, 7+7
14+14, 7+7
8+8, 5+5
12+12 ,9+9
?
12+12, 7
Tita I, II, III chaetae
26, 27, 50
23, 23, 38
26, 26, 39
32, 30, 54
?
21, 21, ?
Unguiculus apical filament
–
–
–
+
+
–
Ventral tube chaetae
6+6 d 6+6 a 8p
3–4+3–4 d 3+3 a 2+2 p
4+4 d 3+3 a 2+2 p
7+7 d 7+7–8+8 a ?
?
3+3 d 2+2–3+3 a 2+2 p
Retinaculum chaetae
5–6
4–7
4–6
7–10
?
4–5
Furcal subcoxa chaetae
16 a 33 p
17 a 10–12 p
9–17 a 12–13 p
31–36 a 13 p
?
14–18 a 9–12 p
Manubrium anterior chaetae
16 c 25+25 d
15 c 19+19 d
10–16 c 5+5-6+6 d
21 c 24+24 d
? 6+6 d
5–6 c 3+3-4+4 d
Dens chaetae
90 a 20–25 p
125 a 20 p
75–80 a 10–13 p
240 a 22–31 p
≤ 50 a ?
56–59 a 11–12 p
Dens internal chaetae
21 foil chaetae
18–28 foil chaetae
14 smooth
22–31 smooth
about 15
?
Brazilian distribution
Minas Gerais
Espírito Santo
Tocantins
Minas Gerais
Rio de Janeiro
Amazonas
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Discussion Comparison of Paracerura gandarela sp. nov. to congeneric species (Table. 1) shows more similarities to P. pindorama Queiroz & Mendonça, 2010, since both have the same number and arrangement of sensilla on Abd. V and ciliated “foil” chaetae (Potapov, 2001) placed in row on internal side of dens. However, the new species differs from P. pindorama by reduced sensillar chaetotaxy on Abd IV (6+6 vs. 14+14 sensilla). Moreover, yellow colour with dark pigment in irregular bands on abdominal segments IV–VI (stable in all examined specimens) and sensillar pattern on Abd. IV discriminates the new species from other congeners.
Acknowledgements We are thankful to our colleague Eduardo Assis Abrantes for the samples collected in the Caeté Municipality; to “AMPLO Consultoria”, especially Biologist Lucas Ribeiro, for the logistic support of field work in the State of Minas Gerais; to reviewer for the critical review and suggestions.
References Arlé, R. (1959) Collembola Arthropleona do Brasil oriental e central. Arquivos do Museu Nacional, 49, 155–211. Deharveng, L. & Oliveira, E.P. (1994) Paracerura virgata n.g., n.sp. (Collembola, Isotomidade), nouveau Collembole d´Amazonie centrale. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 101 (2), 441–446. Mendonça, M.C., Abrantes, E.A & Fernandes, L.H. (2009) Two new Brazilian species of Paracerura Deharveng & Oliveira (Collembola: Isotomidae). Zootaxa, 2310, 24–34. Potapov, N. (2001) Isotomidae. In: Dunger, W. (Ed.), Synopses on Paleartic Collembola. Vol. 3., Abdhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Görlitz, 73 (2), 1–603. Queiroz, G.Q. & Mendonça, M.C. (2010) Two new Isotomidae species (Collembola) from Espírito Santo State, Brazil. Zootaxa, 2480, 37–44. Schäffer, C. (1896) Die Collembola der Umgebung von Hamburg und benachbarter Gebiete. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 13, 149–216.
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