1FPPGS Anais do 1º Fórum do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia do IFCH/Unicamp CADERNO DE TRABALHOS COMPLETOS
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas Universidade Estadual de Campinas
!"# 40 ANOS DO PROGRAMA DE MESTRADO E 10 ANOS DO PROGRAMA DE DOUTORADO EM SOCIOLOGIA DA UNICAMP
$FPPGS !º Fórum do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia do IFCH/Unicamp
Comissão Organizadora
Realização
Camila Teixeira Lima Flávia Paniz Henrique Pasti Lidiane Maciel Luã Ferreira Leal Nara Roberta da Silva Prof. Dr. Fernando Lourenço Profa. Dra. Mariana Chaguri Prof. Dr Mário Augusto Medeiros da Silva Prof. Dr. Sílvio Camargo
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas (IFCH) Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp) Reitor Prof. Dr. José Tadeu Jorge Diretor do IFCH Prof. Dr. Jorge Coli Diretor Associado do IFCH Prof. Dr. Jesus José Ranieri
Apoio Departamento de Sociologia (IFCH/Unicamp) Secretaria de Eventos (IFCH/Unicamp) Setor de Publicações (IFCH/Unicamp) Direção (IFCH/Unicamp)
Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Edição: Caderno de Resumos Lidiane Maciel • Caderno de Trabalhos Completos Henrique Pasti
FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA ELABORADA PELA BIBLIOTECA DO IFCH/UNICAMP Bibliotecária: Neiva Gonçalves de Oliveira CRB/" nº #$%&
F$$%a
Fórum do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia do IFCH/Unicamp (!. : &'!* : Campinas, SP). Anais do !º Fórum do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia, &+ a &$ de março de &'!*. Campinas, SP : UNICAMP/IFCH, &'!*. *%' p. ISSN &0+$-"'00 !. Sociologia. &. Teoria social. 0. Cultura. *. Tecnologia – Aspectos sociais. +. Subjetividade. #. Migração. I. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. II. Título CDD — 0'!
Índice para catálogo sistemático
Sociologia Teoria Social Cultura Tecnologia — Aspectos sociais Subjetividade Migração
0'! 0'!.'! 0'!.& 0'!.&*0 0'!.0
Novos objetos, novos desafios: Experiências de pesquisa em sociologia da saúde e em sociologia da infância ॺ१ॺ९१ॴ१ ४५ १ॴ४ॸ१४५ २१ॸ२१ॸ९ॴ९
[email protected]
Resumo Neste artigo, proponho-me a relatar minhas experiências de pesquisa acerca de uma análise sociológica do Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade (TDAH) infantil, comumente tido como objeto de investigação e intervenção, por excelência, do campo médico. Traço algumas linhas gerais sobre as opções teóricas e metodológicas adotadas, as linhas argumentativas seguidas e os resultados obtidos em minhas pesquisas de mestrado e de doutorado e aponto o incômodo enfrentado ao se adentrar campos “estranhos” e lhes propor modos diversos de apreender e compreender determinadas realidades. Além disso, busco compartilhar inquietudes referentes à inserção do pesquisador em áreas da sociologia ainda pouco reconhecidas, como uma sociologia da saúde e uma sociologia da infância. Dessa forma, o objetivo último deste trabalho é incorporar elementos em uma discussão sobre as potencialidades da sociologia frente à tendência cada vez mais contundente de especialização dos saberes.
Palavras-chave TDAH; sociologia; saúde; infância.
Abstract In this paper, I propose the description of my research experiences about a sociological analysis on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children, which is
ਁ
commonly considered as an investigation and intervention objet from medical field, par excellence. I sketch some general considerations about theoretical and methodological options adopted, the argumentation followed, and the results achieved in my master and PhD researches, and I indicate the discomfort faced when we enter “stranger” fields and propose them different ways in perceiving and understanding some realities. Besides, I aim to share some concerns about the entrance of the researcher in sociological fields still little recognized, such as sociology of health and sociology of childhood. Thus, this paper’s final object is to incorporate some elements into a discussion about the potentialities of sociology in opposition to the incisive tendency of knowledge specialization.
Keywords ADHD; sociology; health; childhood.
! Introdução
%FTFOWPMWFS VN FTUVEP TPDJPM³HJDP TPCSF P 5SBOTUPSOP EF %©DJU EF "UFO§£P F )JQFSBUJWJEBEF 5%") UPSOPVTF VN EFTBP BP OBM EF NJOIB HSBEVB§£P FN $JªODJBT 4PDJBJT OB 6OJWFSTJEBEF &TUBEVBM EF $BNQJOBT RVBOEP BMHVNBT DPMFHBT F FV FYQFSJNFOUBNPT SFBMJ[BS VN FTU¡HJP EF MJDFODJBUVSB FN VN BNCVMBU³SJP QTJRVJ¡USJDP JOGBOUJM DPN B OBMJEBEF EF M¡ EFTFOWPMWFS BUJWJEBEFT QFEBH³HJDBT F MºEJDBT 'PJ UBNC©N VN NPNFOUP BDBEªNJDP FN RVF FOUSFJ FN DPOUBUP DPN P DPODFJUP EF CJPQPEFS EF .JDIFM 'PVDBVMU " UFPSJB F B QS¡UJDB SFTQPOT¡WFJT QFMB EFOJ§£P QSFEPNJOBOUF EP 5%") OP #SBTJM DPODFOUSBNTF OP DBNQP N©EJDP QTJRVJ¡USJDP F UªN DPNP HVJBT PT HSBOEFT NBOVBJT QTJRVJ¡USJDPT UBJT DPNP P .BOVBM EJBHO³TUJDP F FTUBUTUJDP EPT USBOTUPSOPT NFOUBJT ۘ %4.*753 "1" ৼ৺৺ৼ F P %4.7 "1" ৼ৺৻৽ &TTFT NBOVBJT EFOFN P 5%") DPNP VN USBOTUPSOP NFOUBM DBSBDUFSJTUJDBNFOUF JOGBOUJM VNB WF[ RVF FMF TF NBOJGFTUB QFMB QSJNFJSB WF[ OB JOG¢ODJB
DVKPT TJOUPNBT T£P EFTBUFO §£P IJQFSBUJWJEBEF F JNQVMTJWJEBEF 4VBT DBVTBT BJOEB T£P NJTUFSJP TBT NBT UBJT NBOVBJT F NVJUPT FTUVEPT N©EJDPT EFGFOEFN B IJQ³UFTF EF VNB DBVTB OFVSPCJPM³HJDB VNB GBMIB FN OFVSPUSBOTNJTTPSFT SFT QPOT¡WFJT QPS GVO§µFT BUFODJPOBJT F SFHVMBU³SJBT FORVBOUP GBUPSFT QTJDPTTPDJBJT TFSJBN TFDVOE¡SJPT &TTB IJQ³UFTF © GPSUFNFOUF BDFJUB
ਂ
QFMP DBNQP OFVSPQTJRVJ¡USJDP EFWJEP B§£P FDB[ EF NFEJDBNFOUPT QTJDPFTUJNVMBOUFT RVF BUVBN OFTTFT OFVSPUSBOTNJTTPSFT P DBTP EP NFUJMGFOJEBUP NBJT DPOIFDJEP DPNP 3JUBMJOBn
QTJDPG¡SNBDP RVF VTBEP FN CBJYBT EPTFT QFSNJUF DPOUSPMBS PT TJOUPNBT RVF DBSBDUFSJ [BN P 5%") 0 QPOUP EF DPOVªODJB FOUSF BRVFMBT FYQFSJªODJBT BDBEªNJDBT F P DPOIFDJNFOUP EB EFOJ§£P EP 5%") GPJ B JOEBHB§£P TPCSF B SFBM OFDFTTJEBEF F P TJHOJDBEP EFTTB OFDFTTJEBEF EF TF EJBHOPTUJDBS F NFEJDBS DSJBO§BT FYUSFNBNFOUF BHJUBEBT DPNP QPSUBEPSBT EF VN USBOTUPSOP NFOUBM DIBNBEP 5%") 'PJ FTTF DPOUFYUP RVF TVTDJUPV NJOIB QSPQPTUB EF EFTOBUVSBMJ[BS P 5%") F TFV USBUBNFOUP QTJRVJ¡ USJDP F NFEJDBNFOUPTP B QBSUJS EF VN FTUVEP TPDJPM³HJDP JOJDJBEP DPN B QFTRVJTB RVF SFTVMUPV OB EJTTFSUB§£P 0 DPOUSPMF EB JOG¢ODJB DBNJOIPT EB NFEJDBMJ[B§£P #"3#"3*/* ৼ৺৻৻ F OP QSPKFUP EF EPV UPSBEP FN EFTFOWPMWJNFOUP QSPWJTPSJBNFOUF EFOPNJOBEP $POUFYUPT TPDJBJT FTUSBU©HJBT EF QPEFS F FTUSBU©HJBT EF SFTJTUªODJB OP 5SBOTUPSOP EF %©टDJU EF "UFO§£P F )JQFSBUJWJEBEF 5%")
BNCPT WJODVMBEPT BP 1SPHSBNB EF 1³THSBEVB§£P FN 4PDJPMPHJB EP *OTUJUVUP EF 'JMPTPB F $JªODJBT )VNBOBT EB 6OJWFSTJEBEF &TUBEVBM EF $BNQJOBT PSJFO UBEPT QFMB 1SPGj %Sj .BSJB -ZHJB 2VBSUJN EF .PSBFT F OBODJBEPT QFMB $BQFT F QPTUFSJPSNFOUF QFMB '"1&41 /FTUF BSUJHP QPSUBOUP EFTDSFWP BMHVNBT DPOTJEFSB§µFT HFSBJT TP CSF UBJT QFTRVJTBT F PT JOD´NPEPT DBVTBEPT QFMP GBUP EF P 5%") TFS UJEP DPNP PCKFUP EF FTUVEP F JOUFSWFO§£P N©EJDPT QPS FYDFMªODJB &OUSBS OFTTF ۠PVUSPۡ DBNQP GF[ TF SFWFMBS VN FNCBUF FOUSF EJGFSFOUFT DBNQPT EP DPOIFDJNFOUP F B JNQPSU¢ODJB EF TF RVFTUJPOBS B QPTTJCJ MJEBEF F B JNQPSU¢ODJB EF UFODJPOBS P MVHBS EP TPDJ³MPHP GSFOUF B TFVT PCKFUPT EF FTUVEP F EF SFFUJS TPCSF TFV QBQFM OB SFMB§£P FOUSF UFPSJB F QS¡UJDB " Traços gerais das pesquisas e incômodos provocados
" EJTTFSUB§£P EF NFTUSBEP 0 DPOUSPMF EB JOG¢ODJB DBNJOIPT EB NFEJ DBMJ[B§£P #"3#"3*/* ৼ৺৻৻ SFTVMUPV EB BO¡MJTF EF EBEPT PCUJEPT FN QFTRVJTB EF DBNQP SFBMJ[BEB OP "NCVMBU³SJP EF 1TJRVJBUSJB *OGBOUJM EP )PTQJUBM EBT $MOJDBT EB 6/*$".1 B QBSUJS EBT TFHVJOUFT PQ§µFT NFUPEPM³HJDBT PCTFSWB§£P GFJUB OP BNCVMBU³SJP TBM£P EF FTQFSB TBMB
ਃ
EBT DSJBO§BT F TBMB EF SFVOJ£P EPT QSPTTJPOBJT EF TBºEF
FOUSFWJT UBT TFNJFTUSVUVSBEBT DPN QSPTTJPOBJT EF TBºEF F QBJT DPOWFSTBT JOGPSNBJT DPN QBJT F DSJBO§BT F EFTFOIPT JOGBOUJT " BO¡MJTF EFTTFT EBEPT UFWF DPNP BQPJP DPODFJUVBM F UF³SJDP BT OP§µFT EF NFEJDBMJ[B §£P $0/3"% ৻ਃਁ '06$"6-5 ৻ਃ৽
EF SFMB§µFT EF QPEFSTBCFS '06$"6-5 ৻ਃਁ৾ਁ F EF FTUJHNB (0''."/ ৻ਃ৽ 0 DPOKVOUP EB BO¡MJTF QFSNJUJV DPOTJEFSBS RVF PT TJOUPNBT EP 5%") T£P DPNQPSUBNFOUPT JOBDFJU¡WFJT FN VNB TPDJFEBEF DPNQF UJUJWB F EF EFTFNQFOIP 0 RVF TF CVTDPV FN UPEP P QFSDVSTP EB EJTTFSUB§£P GPJ EJTQPS EF FWJEªODJBT EF RVF UBOUP B JOG¢ODJB RVBOUP P 5%") T£P DPOTUSV§µFT TPDJBJT F NPTUSBS PT NPEPT DPNP FN VN BNCVMBU³SJP QTJRVJ¡USJDP FTTBT DPOTUSV§µFT NPEVMBN BT GPSNBT EF TFS EF TF WFS F EF DPNQSFFOEFS P NVOEP EF DSJBO§BT RVF SFDFCFN UBM EJBHO³TUJDP F RVF T£P USBUBEBT NFEJDBNFOUPTBNFOUF QPS TFSFN DPOTJEFSBEBT EFTBUFOUBT IJQFSBUJWBT FPV JNQVMTJWBT .BT UBNC©N GPSBN EFUFDUBEBT QPTTJCJMJEBEFT EF FTDBQBS T JNQPTJ§µFT EB SFMB§£P EF QPEFSTBCFS EB RVBM P 5%") F B 3JUBMJOBn GPSBN JEFOUJDBEBT DPNP NFDBOJTNPT EF FYFSDDJP EF VN QPEFS QTJRVJ¡USJDP
TFOEP FMBT BQPOUBEBT QFMBT QS³QSJBT DSJBO§BT &TTB QPTTJCJMJEBEF EF SFTJTUªODJB GPJ B NPUJWB§£P JOJDJBM QBSB DPO UJOVBS B QFSTFHVJS P 5%") F B NFEJDBMJ[B§£P DPNP PCKFUPT OP EPV UPSBEP "T PCSBT EF 'PVDBVMU DPOUJOVBN B UFS JNQPSU¢ODJB OB JO WFTUJHB§£P QBSUJDVMBSNFOUF OB QSPQPTUB EF FMBCPSBS VN FTCP§P EB HFOFBMPHJB EP 5%") F OB DPNQPTJ§£P EP N©UPEP EF BO¡MJTF EPT EB EPT PCUJEPT 0 FTCP§P EB HFOFBMPHJB EFTTF USBOTUPSOP DPNQSFFOEF B CVTDB EBT DPOEJ§µFT IJTU³SJDBT EF FYJTUªODJB EP RVF IPKF TF EFOPNJOB 5%") BTTPDJBEBT T IJTU³SJBT EB QTJRVJBUSJB EB JOG¢ODJB EB GBNMJB F EB FTDPMB DPOUFNQPS¢OFBT 0VUSPT EPJT DPODFJUPT UBNC©N HBOIBN FWJEªODJB NFEJDBMJ[B§£P F TVCKFUJWJEBEF " NFEJDBMJ[B§£P © VNB OP§£P RVF WFN TFOEP DBEB WF[ NBJT BTTJNJMBEB QPS EJGFSFOUFT EJTDVSTPT NJEJ¡UJDP EF MVUB EPT DBN QPT N©EJDP F QFEBH³HJDP
P RVF GB[ TVSHJS B OFDFTTJEBEF EF BWBMJBS TVBT BUVBMJ[B§µFT F TVB BQMJDBCJMJEBEF TPDJPM³HJDB JTUP © TVB GVO§£P QPUFODJBM EF DPNP GFSSBNFOUB BOBMUJDB DPMBCPSBS QBSB P EJBHO³TUJDP EF OPTTB TPDJFEBEF " TVCKFUJWJEBEF QPS TVB WF[ BQBSFDF DPNP OPWP FMFNFOUP FN NJOIB DBSSFJSB JOWFTUJHBUJWB TPCSF P 5%") F TF JOTFSF OB BO¡MJTF EBT GPSNBT DPOUFNQPS¢OFBT EF TFS EF TF HPWFSOBS F EF TFS HPWFSOBEP /FTTF TFOUJEP B NFEJDBMJ[B§£P QBSFDF EFNBOEBS VNB TP
ਁ৺
DJPMPHJB EB TBºEF NFOUBM
FORVBOUP B TVCKFUJWJEBEF TF SFMBDJPOBSJB B VNB TPDJPMPHJB EB JOG¢ODJB 7FOIP UFOUBOEP DPNQSFFOEFS TF F EF RVF GPSNB B TPDJPMPHJB CSBTJ MFJSB BTTVNJV PV BTTVNF BMHVNB QPTJ§£P OFTTBT HFOFBMPHJBT F OBT EJTDVTTµFT EFTTFT DPODFJUPT /P DBTP EB NFEJDBMJ[B§£P F EF DPODFJUPT BTTPDJBEPT DPNP P EF CJPQPEFS DPOUFNQPS¢OFP CJPNFEJDBMJ[B§£P F GBSNBDFVUJDBMJ[B§£P
PT TPDJ³MPHPT EF MOHVB JOHMFTB $0/3"% ৼ৺৻৽ $-"3,& FU BM ৼ৺৺৽ ("#& ৼ৺৻৽ 304& ৼ৺৺ਁ TF EFTUBDBN OB UBSFGB EF BUVBMJ[BS TVB EFOJ§£P F TVB BQMJDB§£P FORVBOUP GFSSBNFOUB BOB MUJDB +¡ B TVCKFUJWJEBEF © NBJT DBSBDUFSTUJDB EBT EJTDVTTµFT EF QTJ DBOBMJTUBT #*3."/ ৼ৺৻ৼ FOUSF PVUSPT DPOUVEP FODPOUSB BMHVNB SFMB§£P DPN BT OP§µFT EF JOG¢ODJB F EF DSJBO§B QSPQPTUBT QFMB TPDJP MPHJB EB JOG¢ODJB OBTDJEB FN QBTFT BOHMPTBYµFT F OB 'SBO§B OP OBM EB E©DBEB EF ৻ਃਂ৺ F JODJP EPT BOPT ਃ৺ $034"30 ৻ਃਃਁ 27035361 ৼ৺৻৺ 4*305" ৼ৺৺ &OUSF BT PQ§µFT NFUPEPM³HJDBT BEPUBEBT FODPOUSBNTF BT HFOFBMP HJBT DPOTUSVEBT B QBSUJS EF SFGFSªODJBT CJCMJPHS¡DBT F EF RVFTUµFT RVF TF BQSFTFOUBN OB QFTRVJTB EF DBNQP F B QFTRVJTB RVBMJUBUJWB FN FTDPMBT PCTFSWB§£P FOUSFWJTUBT JOEJWJEVBJT F DPMFUJWBT BU© P NP NFOUP VNB FTDPMB FTUBEVBM EF FOTJOP GVOEBNFOUBM DJDMP * VNB FTDPMB NVOJDJQBM EF FOTJOP GVOEBNFOUBM DJDMP ** FN $BNQJOBT F FN .PKJ NJSJN SFTQFDUJWBNFOUF F VNB JOTUJUVJ§£P EF FEVDB§£P O£P GPSNBM FN $BNQJOBT " PQ§£P EF JS T FTDPMBT TF EFV QFMP MJNJUBEP BDFTTP BPT QPOUPT EF WJTUB EPT QSPGFTTPSFT OP BNCVMBU³SJP QTJRVJ¡USJDP GFJUP BQFOBT QPS NFJP EF SFMBU³SJPT QPS FMFT FTDSJUPT
NBT SFWFMPV PVUSB MJNJUB§£P P EJGDJM DPOUBUP DPN PT QBJT *TTP UPSOB QFSDFQUWFM B FYJTUªODJB EF VNB SFMB§£P FOUSF QTJRVJBUSJB GBNMJB F FTDPMB RVF BQFTBS EF BQSFTFOUBS VN WODVMP OUJNP EFTEF P OBM EP T©DVMP 9*9 © GSBHNFOUBEB OBT JOTUJUVJ§µFT EF FEVDB§£P GPSNBM RVF FTU£P TFOEP WJTJUBEBT FYDFUP OP OWFM EP EJTDVSTP F EBT QS¡UJDBT BEPUBEBT B QBSUJS EFTTFT EJTDVSTPT &N PVUSBT QBMBWSBT P DPOUBUP EJSFUP FOUSF QBJT QSPGFTTPSFT F FTQFDJBMJTUBT PDPSSF OFTTBT JOTUJUVJ§µFT BQFOBT FN NPNFOUPT ۠DSUJDPTۡ RVBOEP O£P TF TBCF NBJT RVF NFEJEBT UPNBS RVBOEP VNB DSJBO§B DBVTB ۠QSP CMFNBTۡ FOUSFUBOUP B SFGFSªODJB EJTDVSTJWB EF VN BPT PVUSPT © DPOT UBOUF FTQFDJBMNFOUF RVBOEP TF CVTDBN DVMQBT F FYQMJDB§µFT TPCSF VN ۠NBV DPNQPSUBNFOUPۡ VN GSBDBTTP FTDPMBS PV VN EJBHO³TUJDP QTJRVJ¡USJDP
ਁ৻
3FTTBMUBNTF FOUSF PT EBEPT K¡ PCUJEPT BMHVNBT DBUFHPSJBT DSJBEBT B QBSUJS EBT PCTFSWB§µFT OBRVFMBT FTDPMBT F EBT GBMBT EF TFVT QSPGFTTP SFT P QPEFSTBCFS OP MBVEP N©EJDP VN TFOUJNFOUP EF JNQPUªODJB PV EF EFTDPOIFDJNFOUP EPT BEVMUPT FN SFMB§£P T DSJBO§BT DPN 5%") B UFOT£P FOUSF GBNMJB F FTDPMB DPOUFNQPS¢OFBT P EJBHO³TUJDP F P NFEJDBNFOUP DPNP TPMV§£P DVMQBCJMJ[B§£P EP PVUSP F EFTSFTQPOTB CJMJ[B§£P EF TJ NFTNP P RVFTUJPOBNFOUP EB WBMJEBEF EP EJBHO³TUJDP QTJRVJ¡USJDP EP 5%") F EF TFV USBUBNFOUP NFEJDBNFOUPTP F BT JOG¢O DJBT RVF FTU£P TFOEP DPOTUSVEBT /PUBTF RVF TF DSJB VN ۠WB[JPۡ POEF B DSJBO§B TF FODPOUSB EFWJEP B VN TFOUJNFOUP EF DSJTF EF BVUPSJEBEF EF QBJT F QSPGFTTPSFT WB[JP FTTF QSFFODIJEP QBSDJBMNFOUF QFMPT EJBH O³TUJDPT QTJRVJ¡USJDPT F QFMBT JOUFSWFO§µFT EF FTQFDJBMJTUBT " QBSUJS EJTTP FOUFOEFTF RVF B DJªODJB BQSFTFOUBTF DPNP OPWP SFGFSFODJBM TPDJBM EF TFOUJEP FN VNB TPDJFEBEF FN RVF DBEB VN © SFTQPOT¡WFM QFMP TFV QS³QSJP TVDFTTP &)3&/#&3( ৻ਃਃ F FN RVF P ³UJNP EF TFNQFOIP QPEF TFS BMDBO§BEP QFMB PUJNJ[B§£P NPMFDVMBS EPT HFOFT F EPT OFVSPUSBOTNJTTPSFT 304& ৼ৺৺ਁ 1PSUBOUP P 5%") NPTUSBTF DPNP VNB GFSSBNFOUB BOBMUJDB RVF QFSNJUF USB§BS VN EJBHO³TUJDP OPTTB TPDJFEBEF BUVBM $POUVEP EBEP P GBUP EF RVF P 5%") © UJEP DPNP VN PCKFUP EF DPOIFDJNFOUP F EF JOUFSWFO§£P EB NFEJDJOB F B JOG¢ODJB F B DSJBO§B BMVOB TVKFJUP RVF PDVQB FTTB ۠GBTF EB WJEBۡ
PCKFUPT EB QFEBHPHJB F EB QTJDPMPHJB TVSHFN EJDVMEBEFT JOD´NPEPT F EFTBPT QBSB P TP DJ³MPHP %JDVMEBEF EF TF JOTFSJS F GB[FS QBSUF EF PVUSPT DBNQPT EF DPOIFDJNFOUP JOD´NPEP EF O£P TFS SFDPOIFDJEP PV TFNQSF RVFTUJ POBEP TPCSF P RVF GB[ VN TPDJ³MPHP F DPOTFRVFOUFNFOUF P EFTBP EF SFFUJS TPCSF RVFN © P TPDJ³MPHP F RVBM © TFV QBQFM " QFSHVOUB RVF TFNQSF BDPNQBOIPV NJOIBT WJTJUBT BPT DBNQPT FNJUJEB QPS EJ GFSFOUFT TVKFJUPT SFFUF JTTP QPS RVF VNB TPDJ³MPHB FTUVEB P 5%") JOGBOUJM TF O£P © N©EJDB QTJD³MPHB PV QTJDP QFEBHPHB TFKB EFOUSP EF VN BNCVMBU³SJP QTJRVJ¡USJDP TFKB FN VNB FTDPMB "MHVNBT QFT TPBT K¡ NF QFSHVOUBSBN TF FV FSB B OPWB FTUBHJ¡SJB EB FTDPMB QPJT FV BTTJTUJB T BVMBT EBT DSJBO§BT 0VUSBT BDSFEJUBWBN RVF RVBOEP FOUSFWJTUBWB BMVOPT FV FTUBWB SFBMJ[BOEP VNB DPOTVMUB DMOJDB &TTBT JOEBHB§µFT TFNQSF NF DBVTBSBN JOD´NPEP NBT UBNC©N NF GB[JBN QFOTBS TPCSF B PSJHFN EB RVFTU£P B EJGVT£P HFOFSBMJ[BEB EB JEFJB EP 5%") DPNP VNB FOUJEBEF DMOJDB P EFTDPOIFDJNFOUP TPDJBM EP QBQFM EP TPDJ³MPHP PV FN BNCPT 1PS RVF PT QS³QSJPT TPDJ³MP
ਁৼ
HPT RVF O£P BEPUBN FTTFT PCKFUPT EF FTUVEPT NBT RVF T£P QSPGVO EBNFOUF DSUJDPT T TPDJFEBEFT OFPMJCFSBJT UªN EJDVMEBEFT EF PMIBS FTTBT RVFTUµFT QPS PVUSP QPOUP EF WJTUB PV EF BDFJUBS RVF P 5%") F B JOG¢ODJB TFKBN PCKFUPT TPDJPM³HJDPT 1PS RVF UFNPT RVF SFDPSSFS B QFOTBEPSFT FTUSBOHFJSPT PV EF PVUSBT ¡SFBT EP DPOIFDJNFOUP QBSB MJEBS DPN FTTFT PCKFUPT %FTTB GPSNB FTTBT EJDVMEBEFT F JOD´NPEPT QFSNJUFN RVFTUJPOBS P QBQFM EB DJªODJB OB TPDJFEBEF DPOUFNQPS¢OFB F P RVF EFOF VN TBCFS DPNP DJFOUDP QPS©N UBNC©N QFSHVOUBS RVBM © P QBQFM EP TPDJ³MPHP IPKF RVF UJQP EF UFPSJB F EF JOUFSWFO§£P TF © RVF B JOUFS WFO§£P TPDJBM © VNB GVO§£P EP TPDJ³MPHP WFN TFOEP QSPEV[JEB QFMP NFOPT FN VN DBNQP U£P DPOJUVPTP F JOUFSEJTDJQMJOBS DPNP P EP 5%")
# A sociologia da saúde e a sociologia da infância
0 5%") © VN FMP FOUSF TBºEF NFOUBM
JOG¢ODJB F TPDJFEBEF 4F BT TJN © QPS RVF UFNPT EJDVMEBEF FN BEPUBS B TBºEF F B JOG¢ODJB DPNP PCKFUPT TPDJPM³HJDPT EF FTUVEP 1PS RVF O£P UFNPT VNB TPDJPMPHJB EB JOG¢ODJB CSBTJMFJSB 1PS RVF B TPDJPMPHJB EB TBºEF CSBTJMFJSB QBSFDF UFS FTUBHOBEP MPHP FN TFV JODJP " TPDJPMPHJB EB TBºEF OP #SBTJM EBUB EPT BOPT ৻ਃਁ৺ F UFWF B JOVªO DJB EPT M³TPGPT F TPDJ³MPHPT GSBODFTFT RVF TF EFEJDBWBN EF NPEPT QBSUJDVMBSFT BP FTUVEP EF FMFNFOUPT EB TBºEF IVNBOB PV EB NFEJ DJOB UBJT DPNP (FPSHFT $BOHVJMIFN .JDIFM 'PVDBVMU F -VD #PMUBOTLJ F EPT TPDJ³MPHPT N©EJDPT FTUBEVOJEFOTFT PSJHJO¡SJPT EB TFHVOEB HF SB§£P EB &TDPMB EF $IJDBHP DPNP 3PCFSU 4USBVTT )PXBSE #FDLFS "OTFMN 4USBVTT F &SWJOH (PNBO $FDMJB %POOBOHFMP © DPOTJEFSBEB B QJPOFJSB OB DPOTUSV§£P UF³ SJDB EF VN QFOTBNFOUP TPDJBM CSBTJMFJSP OB TBºEF DPNP BSNB /V OFT ৼ৺৺ਂ TPDJ³MPHP DVKB BUVB§£P OP DBNQP EB TBºEF UBNC©N GPJ DPOTJEFSBEB GVOEBNFOUBM OP UUVMP EF VN EF TFVT BSUJHPT 4FHVOEP #BSSPT ৼ৺৻৽
%POOBOHFMP NFTDMPV B USBEJ§£P GSBODFTB PT FTUVEPT FTUBEVOJEFOTFT F P NBUFSJBMJTNP IJTU³SJDP QBSB FTDSFWFS TVBT UFTFT EF EPVUPSBEP F EF MJWSF EPDªODJB QVCMJDBEB DPNP 4BºEF F TPDJFEBEF FN ৻ਃਁ F DPOTUSVJS B HªOFTF EF VNB TPDJPMPHJB EB TBºEF CSBTJMFJSB FN
ਁ৽
VN DPOUFYUP EF FNFSHªODJB EF JEFBJT SFGPSNJTUBT RVF DVMNJOBSJBN OB DSJB§£P F JNQMBOUB§£P EP 4JTUFNB OJDP EF 4BºEF 464 /B NFTNB E©DBEB 3PCFSUP .BDIBEP F DPMFHBT ৻ਃਁਂ QVCMJDBSBN VN USBCBMIP JO©EJUP OP QBT TPC JOVªODJB EF 'PVDBVMU BDFSDB EB DPOTUJUVJ§£P EB NFEJDJOB TPDJBM OP #SBTJM 5BNC©N TF DJUBN 4©SHJP "SPVDB F .BEFM -V[ DPNP QSFDVSTPSFT EB JOTFS§£P EPT FTUVEPT TPDJBJT OP DBNQP EB TBºEF &OUSFUBOUP WBMF OPUBS RVF OFOIVN EFTTFT BVUPSFT EFTFOWPMWFV TFVT USBCBMIPT FN VN JOTUJUVUP PV QSPHSBNB EF DJªODJBT TPDJBJT NBT TJN EF MPTPB NFEJDJOB QSFWFOUJWB PV TBºEF DPMFUJWB &TTFT JOUFMFD UVBJT DPN FYDF§£P EF .BDIBEP F TFVT DPMFHBT T£P P RVF TF DIBNBN EF ۠TPDJ³MPHPT PV DJFOUJTUBT TPDJBJT OB TBºEFۡ JTUP © HSBEVBEPT FN DJ ªODJBT TPDJBJT F IVNBOBT RVF BUVBN EJSFUBNFOUF OP DBNQP EB TBºEF +¡ PT ۠TPDJ³MPHPT EB TBºEFۡ T£P PT HSBEVBEPT FN DJªODJBT TPDJBJT F IVNBOBT RVF FTUVEBN B TBºEF EFOUSP EF TFVT QS³QSJPT QSPHSBNBT F JOTUJUVUPT %FOUSF PT ۠TPDJ³MPHPT OB TBºEFۡ #BSSPT F 4QBEBDJP ৼ৺৻৻ DPOTJ EFSBN RVF I¡ USªT HFSB§µFT EF ৻ਃ৺ B ৻ਃਂਂ HFSB§£P DPOTUJUVEB QPS QSPTTJPOBJT EBT DJªODJBT TPDJBJT FOHBKBEPT OB QSPEV§£P EB DPODFQ §£P TJTUªNJDB F VOJWFSTBMJTUB EP 464 EF ৻ਃਂਂ B ৻ਃਃਂ QFSPEP FN RVF PT DJFOUJTUBT TPDJBJT JOHSFTTBSBN OP DBNQP EB TBºEF QBSB BVYJMJBS B PQFSBDJPOBMJ[B§£P F P GVODJPOBNFOUP EP 464 F B GPSNB§£P EF TFVT QSPTTJPOBJT B QBSUJS EF ৻ਃਃਂ RVBOEP PT DJFOUJTUBT TPDJBJT QBTTBN B BUVBS OP DBNQP EB TBºEF QBSB DPOTUSVJS PT DBQJUBJT U©DOJDPT QPMUJDPT TJNC³MJDPT FDPO´NJDPT F TPDJBJT EP 464 F OB GPSNB§£P BDBEªNJDB EF HSBEVBOEPT F Q³THSBEVBOEPT FN TBºEF NFEJDJOB FOGFSNBHFN TBºEF QºCMJDB TBºEF DPMFUJWB FOUSF PVUSPT
FN VN DPOUFYUP EF SF GPSNB EJTDJQMJOBS EPT DVSTPT EFTTB ¡SFB EF DPOIFDJNFOUP 7JWFODJFJ B FYQFSJªODJB EF TFS 1&% ৻ FN VNB EBT EJTDJQMJOBT EP TF HVOEP BOP EP DVSTP EF NFEJDJOB OB 6/*$".1 EFOPNJOBEB 4BºEF F 4PDJFEBEF F DFOUSBMJ[BEB OP EFQBSUBNFOUP EF TBºEF DPMFUJWB EB 'BDVM EBEF EF $JªODJBT .©EJDBT P RVF NF QFSNJUJV PCTFSWBS B UFOT£P QPS VN MBEP FOUSF DJªODJBT EB TBºEF F DJªODJBT TPDJBJT F QPS PVUSP FOUSF ۠TPDJ³MPHPT OB TBºEFۡ F ۠TPDJ³MPHPT EB TBºEFۡ #BSSPT ৼ৺৻৽ EFTDSFWF FTTBT UFOTµFT B QBSUJS EB JEFJB EF GSPOUFJSB BMHP QPSPTP ۠© QSFDJTP ৻ 1SPHSBNB EF &TU¡HJP %PDFOUF 5SBUBTF EF VN QSPHSBNB EF GPSNB§£P F EF BQFSGFJ§P BNFOUP EJE¡UJDP EJTQPOWFM BPT BMVOPT SFHVMBSFT EF Q³THSBEVB§£P EB 6OJWFSTJEBEF &TUBEVBM EF $BNQJOBT
ਁ৾
TF NBOUFS OP EJ¡MPHP DPN BT DJªODJBT TP DJBJT NBT BP NFTNP UFNQP O£P © QPTTWFM USBOTQPSUBS FTTF EJ¡MPHP EJSFUBNFOUF QBSB B TBºEF QPSRVF TFVT JOUFSMPDVUPSFT NBJT JNFEJBUPT WªN EF PVUSB USBEJ§£P EF QFOTBNFOUPۡ &TTF EJ¡MPHP © EJGDJM BJOEB TFHVOEP #BSSPT QPJT B NFEJDJOB DPNP DBNQP EF BQMJDB§£P VUJMJ[B PT DPODFJUPT TPDJPM³HJDPT DPNP JOTVNPT EF GPSNB EFTDPOUFYUVBMJ[BEB F QPVDP SFFUJEB .BT P EJ¡MPHP UBNC©N © EJGDJM DPN B TBºEF QºCMJDBDPMFUJWB B NFV WFS "QFTBS EF TFSFN DPOTJEFSBEBT DPNP VN EPT QJMBSFT EB DPOTUJUVJ §£P EB TBºEF QºCMJDB F EB TBºEF DPMFUJWB OPT BOPT ਁ৺ F TVCTFRVFOUFT BT DJªODJBT TPDJBJT TF EFQBSBN DPN VNB QPTJ§£P TVCPSEJOBEB OBRVFMF DBNQP POEF MIFT © FYJHJEB B PGFSUB EF SFTQPTUBT JNFEJBUBT TFN RVF QPTTBN BQSFTFOUBS TVBT QS³QSJBT QFSHVOUBT PV EFNBOEBT ."34* (-*" ৼ৺৻৽৽ਂ $PNP DPOTFRVªODJB PT DPODFJUPT F BT NFUPEPMPHJBT TPDJPM³HJDBT F BOUSPQPM³HJDBT T£P BTTJNJMBEBT EF NPEP BEBQUBEP T WF[FT ۠GSPVYPۡ TFN SFTQFJUBS P SJHPS EB BQMJDB§£P EF TFVT DPODFJUPT N©UPEPT F BO¡MJTFT 0 QSPCMFNB QBSFDF TF JOUFOTJDBS RVBOEP TF PCTFSWB RVF B TBºEF QºCMJDB F DPMFUJWB BU©NTF TFNQSF BPT NFTNPT BVUPSFT TFKB EF TFV QS³QSJP DBNQP TFKB EB TPDJPMPHJB PV EB BOUSPQPMPHJB OFTTF TFOUJEP RVF WFKP VNB ۠QBSBEBۡ OB QSPEV§£P UF³SJDB F NFUPEPM³HJDB OBDJPOBM FN UFSNPT EF FTUVEPT EB TBºEF 1BSFDF O£P IBWFS PV IBWFS EF GPSNB NVJUP UNJEB VNB SFOPWB§£P UF³SJDB F QS¡UJDB QPS QBSUF EPT QFT RVJTBEPSFT EF BNCPT PT DBNQPT QSFTPT B QFOTBEPSFT FTUSBOHFJSPT QBSUJDVMBSNFOUF OP DBNQP EB TPDJPMPHJB PV JOUFMFDUVBJT CSBTJMFJSPT EF PVUSBT E©DBEBT RVF IPKF BUVBMJ[BN TVBT JEFJBT NBT TFN QSPEV[JS BMHP QSPQSJBNFOUF OPWP " TPDJPMPHJB EB JOG¢ODJB QPS TVB WF[ TVSHJV OP OBM EPT BOPT EF ৻ਃਂ৺ OPT QBTFT BOHMPTBYµFT F OP JODJP EB E©DBEB EF ਃ৺ OB 'SBO§B TFOEP BEPUBEB FN TFHVJEB QFMPT TPDJ³MPHPT CSBTJMFJSPT RVF UPNBN B JOG¢ODJB DPNP TFV PCKFUP EF FTUVEP " QSPQPTUB EFTTF DBNQP EB TP DJPMPHJB © TVCWFSUFS BT JOVªODJBT GVODJPOBMJTUBT F VOJMBUFSBJT TPCSF B DSJBO§B RVF QBTTBSJB B TFS WJTUB DPNP BUPS TPDJBM DPNP JOEJWEVP RVF BTTJNJMB PT WBMPSFT F BT OPSNBJT TPDJBJT EF TVB ©QPDB F EF TFV DPOUFYUP NBT UBNC©N DPNP TVKFJUP RVF DPOUSJCVJ BUJWBNFOUF QBSB B QSPEV§£P F NPEJDB§£P TPDJBM QPS NFJP EF BTQFDUPT JOPWBEPSFT F DSJ BUJWPT EF TVB QBSUJDJQB§£P OB TPDJFEBEF F EF QSPDFTTPT EF OFHPDJB§£P DPN TFVT QBSFT F DPN PT BEVMUPT $034"30 ৻ਃਃਁ
ਁ
1SPQµF UBNC©N SFUJSBS B OP§£P EF JOG¢ODJB EP EPNOJP EB QTJDP MPHJB RVF B EFOF DPNP GBTF JOJDJBM EB WJEB DBSBDUFSJ[BEB QFMP EF TFOWPMWJNFOUP FN EJSF§£P WJEB BEVMUB F MIF DPOGFSJS VN DBS¡UFS FTUSVUVSBM JTUP © DPNQSFFOEFS B JOG¢ODJB DPNP VNB FTUSVUVSB HFSB DJPOBM VN FTQB§P TPDJBM QPS POEF BT DSJBO§BT QBTTBN NBT RVF O£P EFJYB EF FYJTUJS RVBOEP FMBT TF UPSOBN BEVMUBT K¡ RVF PVUSBT PDVQBS£P TFVT MVHBSFT /FTTB OPWB QSPQPTUB B JOG¢ODJB TFSJB WJTUB DPNP VNB DBUFHPSJB TPDJBM GPSNBEB F NPEJDBEB QPS PVUSPT BTQFDUPT TPDJBJT FTUSVUVSBJT BTQFDUPT FDPO´NJDPT QPMUJDPT IJTU³SJDPT DVMUVSBJT EF DPOTUJUVJ§£P EB GBNMJB EB ۠VUJMJEBEFۡ TPDJBM EB DSJBO§B F RVF JOV FODJB BT GPSNBT EF DPOIFDFS F BHJS TPCSF B DSJBO§B F RVF DPOUJOVB B FYJTUJS RVBOEP BT DSJBO§BT UPSOBNTF BEVMUBT $SJUJDBTF QPSUBOUP B OP§£P EVSLIFJNJBOB EF TPDJBMJ[B§£P EB DSJ BO§B QPS NFJP EB FEVDB§£P DSJBO§B WJTUB DPNP VNB DFSB RVF EFWFSJB TFS NPMEBEB QFMB JNQSFTT£P EF WBMPSFT NPSBJT F OPSNBT TPDJBJT F DPNQPSUBNFOUBJT QBSB UPSOBSTF OP GVUVSP VN BEVMUP JOTFSJEP OB TPDJFEBEF
RVF JOVFODJPV QPS NVJUP UFNQP B GPSNB EF MJEBS DPN B DSJBO§B F TVB FEVDB§£P *TTP DPMBCPSPV QBSB B BDFJUB§£P EBT DPODFQ §µFT CJPM³HJDBT EB QTJDPMPHJB EP EFTFOWPMWJNFOUP EF RVF B DSJBO§B © VN TFS FN GPSNB§£P RVF QBTTB QPS EFUFSNJOBEBT GBTFT BU© DIFHBS B TFV QPOUP OBM F JEFBM EF EFTFOWPMWJNFOUP P JOEJWEVP BEVMUP /P #SBTJM FOUSF BT E©DBEBT EF ৻ਃ৺ F ৻ਃਂ৺ B JOG¢ODJB UFWF FTQB§P OBT QFTRVJTBT FN DJªODJBT TPDJBJT EP QPOUP EF WJTUB EB DSJBO§B FO RVBOUP NFOPS FN SFMB§£P BPT UFNBT EB QPCSF[B EBT TJUVB§µFT EF SJTDP F EB NBSHJOBMJEBEF F FORVBOUP BMVOB FN QFTRVJTBT RVF FOGPDB WBN B FTDPMB
JTUP © FORVBOUP PCKFUP EF QSPUF§£P DVJEBEP F DPOUSPMF F O£P DPNP TVKFJUP BUJWP OB TPDJFEBEF '"3*" '*/$0 ৼ৺৻৻ ৾ਁ +¡ OPT BOPT ৻ਃਃ৺ F ৼ৺৺৺ B DSJBO§B QBTTPV B TFS QFTRVJTBEB FORVBOUP TVKFJUP EF EJSFJUP &OUSFUBOUP PCTFSWBTF FN DBNQP RVF B QS¡UJDB TPDJBM RVF UFN B DSJBO§B DPNP PCKFUP DPNP B FEVDB§£P BJOEB O£P GB[ VTP EBT QSP QPTUBT EB TPDJPMPHJB EB JOG¢ODJB " DSJBO§B DPOUJOVB B TFS WJTUB DPNP VN TFS FN EFTFOWPMWJNFOUP RVF EFWF BERVJSJS DFSUBT DPNQFUªODJBT QBSB TF JOTFSJS BEFRVBEBNFOUF OB TPDJFEBEF BEVMUB QSPEVUJWB F RVF EJDJMNFOUF © PVWJEB 0 TJTUFNB FEVDBDJPOBM CSBTJMFJSP QBSFDF UFO UBS SFTJTUJS T NVEBO§BT TPDJBJT RVF JOVFODJBN BT USBOTGPSNB§µFT EB JOG¢ODJB F DPOTFRVFOUFNFOUF EBT TVCKFUJWJEBEFT JOGBOUJT DPOUFN
ਁ
QPS¢OFBT F NFTDMBN USB§PT EJTDJQMJOBSFT F BOTFJPT BDFSDB EP QBQFM DPOUFNQPS¢OFP EB FTDPMB EP QSPGFTTPS F EB GBNMJB /FTTF TFOUJEP DPMPDP B RVFTU£P BQFTBS EF B TPDJPMPHJB EB JOG¢ODJB BJOEB TFS VN DBNQP FNFSHFOUF QPS RVF FMB BJOEB TF BU©N UFPSJB UFOEP VNB BQMJDBCJMJEBEF BJOEB CBJYB 0 RVF EJDVMUB B JOUFSTFD§£P FOUSF UFPSJB F QS¡UJDB 1PS RVF BJOEB O£P FYJTUF VNB TPDJPMPHJB EB JO G¢ODJB CSBTJMFJSB &TTBT QFSHVOUBT TF BQMJDBN UBNC©N TBºEF RVBJT T£P PT TPDJ³MPHPT EB TBºEF IPKF &MFT FYJTUFN OP #SBTJM *TUP © FYJTUF VNB TPDJPMPHJB EB TBºEF NFOUBM CSBTJMFJSB /£P TFSJB OFDFTT¡SJP QSPEV[JS MPDBMNFOUF OPWBT UFPSJBT F B QBSUJS EFMBT EJBMPHBS DPN PT DBNQPT RVF EFMBT OFDFTTJUBN "OBM RVBM © P QBQFM EP TPDJ³MPHP 1SPEV[JS OPWBT UFPSJBT "UVBMJ[BS BT BOUJHBT *OUFSWJS OB TPDJFEBEF
$ Considerações finais: as potencialidades da saúde e da infância como objetos sociológicos
0 $PNJUª EF 1FTRVJTB FN 4PDJPMPHJB EB *OG¢ODJB EB "TTPDJB§£P *O UFSOBDJPOBM EF 4PDJPMPHJB QSPEV[JV FN ৼ৺৺ VN UFYUP RVF BWBMJPV P DSFTDJNFOUP EB QFTRVJTB UF³SJDB F NFUPEPM³HJDB OP DBNQP EB TPDJPMP HJB EB JOG¢ODJB FN BMHVOT QBTFT F DPODMVJV RVF P FTQB§P EFEJDBEP JOG¢ODJB EFOUSP EB TPDJPMPHJB BJOEB FSB QFRVFOP 'PSNVMBSBNTF FO U£P EVBT JOEBHB§µFT ۠ ৻ 1PS RVF B TPDJPMPHJB EB JOG¢ODJB FN NVJUPT QBTFT QFSNBOFDF NBSHFN DPNP DBNQP EB TPDJPMPHJB ৼ & FTTB NBSHJOBMJEBEF FTU¡ SFMBDJPOBEB TJUVB§£P NBSHJOBM EB JOG¢ODJB OBT TPDJFEBEFT DPOUFNQPS¢OFBT ۡ '"3*" '*/$0 ৼ৺৻৻ ৾ 'BSJB F 'JODP ৼ৺৻৻
DPOUVEP BOBMJTBN RVF OP #SBTJM K¡ TF WFFN BMHVOT SFFYPT EB TPDJPMPHJB EB JOG¢ODJB NFTNP RVF FTUF TFKB BJOEB VN DBNQP JODJQJFOUF &YFNQMP EJTTP TFHVOEP BT BVUPSBT © B 1PMUJDB /BDJPOBM EF &EVDB§£P *OGBOUJM EP .JOJTU©SJP EB &EVDB§£P F $VMUVSB .&$
RVF USB[ FN TFV UFYUP B JEFJB EF DSJBO§B FORVBOUP BUPS TPDJBM F QSPEVUPS EF DVMUVSBT /P DBTP EB TBºEF OPUBTF FN WF[ EF VN DBNQP BJOEB JOTJQJFOUF VNB ۠QBSBEBۡ OB QSPEV§£P UF³SJDB F NFUPEPM³HJDB EBT DJªODJBT TPDJBJT JODMVJOEP B TPDJPMPHJB 4F OPT EFQBSUBNFOUPT F JOTUJUVUPT EF TBºEF B QSPEV§£P TPDJPM³HJDB WFN TFOEP BTTJNJMBEB EF GPSNB BEBQUBEB B VNB QS¡UJDB JOTUSVNFOUBMJTUB OPT EFQBSUBNFOUPT EF TPDJPMPHJB QPVDP TF
ਁਁ
Wª EF JOPWB§£P &OUSFUBOUP FTTB SFBMJEBEF O£P SFUJSB P QPUFODJBM EB TBºEF FORVBOUP PCKFUP TPDJPM³HJDP 4BºEF F JOG¢ODJB F TFVT UFNBT FTQFDDPT QFSNJUFN B QBSUJS EFMFT NBQFBS B DPNQMFYJEBEF EB TPDJFEBEF DPOUFNQPS¢OFB PV OPT UFSNPT GPVDBVMUJBOPT GB[FS VN EJBHO³TUJDP EB SFBMJEBEF FTUBCFMFDFS P RVF DPOTUJUVJ OPTTP QSFTFOUF B QBSUJS EFMF NFTNP $"4530 ৼ৺৺ਃ & UBNC©N DBSUPHSBGBS DBNJOIPT GVUVSPT F QPUFODJBJT 304& ৼ৺৺ਁ
EF TFTUBCJMJ[BS BT EFUFSNJOB§µFT QBSB P BNBOI£ GFJUBT IPKF F QPS BMHVOT DBNQPT EP DPOIFDJNFOUP 5SBHP P 5%") DPNP FYQSFTT£P EFTTBT QPTTJCJMJEBEFT " QBSUJS EB JOEBHB§£P TPCSF B OFDFTTJEBEF EF DSJBO§BT FYUSFNBNFOUF BHJUBEBT SFDFCFSFN VN EJBHO³TUJDP QTJRVJ¡USJDP F VN USBUBNFOUP NFEJDBNFO UPTP GPJ QPTTWFM SFWFMBS BT SFMB§µFT TPDJBJT DPNQMFYBT RVF NBSDBN OPTTB ©QPDB FTUBCFMFDFS SFMB§µFT FOUSF FTQB§PT F JOTUJUVJ§µFT BQBSFO UFNFOUF EFTDPOFDUBEBT DPNP VN BNCVMBU³SJP QTJRVJ¡USJDP F FTDPMBT EF FOTJOP GPSNBM FOUSF PT USB§PT DPNVOT EB T JOG¢ODJB T DPOUFNQP S¢OFB T F BT TVCKFUJWJEBEFT IJQFSBUJWBT FOUSF BT NVEBO§BT OB GBNMJB OB FTDPMB F OB JOG¢ODJB F B JOUFSWFO§£P DBEB WF[ NBJT DPOUVOEFOUF EF EJBHO³TUJDPT F USBUBNFOUPT QTJRVJ¡USJDPT DPNP GPSNB EF QSFFO DIFS ۠WB[JPTۡ EF TFOUJEP TPDJBM F NPSBM &ON FOUSF TBºEF NFOUBM
JOG¢ODJB F TPDJFEBEF "TTJN P QBQFM EP TPDJ³MPHP UBNC©N TF SFFTUSVUVSB QPJT QBTTB B SFDFCFS OPWBT EFNBOEBT F EFTBPT JODMVTJWF P EF JOUFSWJS NFTNP RVF QBSDJBM PV JOEJSFUBNFOUF OB TPDJFEBEF RVF FMF FTUVEB &TUF UFYUP QPSUBOUP CVTDPV USB[FS FMFNFOUPT QBSB GPNFOUBS B EJTDVTT£P BDFSDB EBT OPWBT SFBMJEBEFT DPN BT RVBJT P TPDJ³MPHP UFN EF MJEBS JODMVTJWF B FTQFDJBMJ[B§£P EPT TBCFSFT F B EFMJNJUB§£P DBEB WF[ NBJT FTUSJUB EF TFVT PCKFUPT
Referências
".&3*$"/ 14:$)*"53: "440$*"5*0/ "1" %JBHOPTUJD BOE TUB UJTUJDBM NBOVBM PG NFOUBM EJTPSEFST UI FE 8BTIJOHUPO "1" ৼ৺৻৽ ۘ ৼ৺৺৺ .BOVBM EJBHO³TUJDP F FTUBUTUJDP EPT USBOTUPSOPT NFOUBJT ৾j FE SFWJTBEB 1PSUP "MFHSF "SUNFE ৼ৺৺ৼ
ਁਂ
#"3#"3*/* 5 0 DPOUSPMF EB JOG¢ODJB DBNJOIPT EB NFEJDBMJ[B§£P ৼ৺৻৻ ৻ਃৼQ %JTTFSUB§£P .FTUSBEP ۘ *OTUJUVUP EF 'JMPTPB F $JªO DJBT )VNBOBT 6OJWFSTJEBEF &TUBEVBM EF $BNQJOBT $BNQJOBT #"3304 / ' 1PS VNB TPDJPMPHJB EB TBºEF &OUSFWJTUB DPODFEJEB B $BNJMB %F .BSJP %BOJMP "SOBVU F 5BUJBOB #BSCBSJOJ *E©JBT ڞ3F WJTUB EP *OTUJUVUP EF 'JMPTPटB F $JªODJBT )VNBOBT6/*$".1 $BN QJOBT Q ৼ৽ৼਂ৾ BHPEF[ ৼ৺৻৽ #"3304 / ' 41"%"$*0 $ " GPSNB§£P EP Q³THSBEVBOEP OP NVOEP DPOUFNQPS¢OFP OP DPUJEJBOP EB QFTRVJTB 4BºEF F TPDJFEBEF 4£P 1BVMP W ৼ৺ O ৻ NBS ৼ৺৻৻ %JTQPOWFM FN "DFTTP FN ৺ਁ NBS ৼ৺৻৾
#*3."/ + 0 TVKFJUP OB DPOUFNQPSBOFJEBEF FTQB§P EPS F EFTBMFOUP OB BUVBMJEBEF 3JP EF +BOFJSP $JWJMJ[B§£P #SBTJMFJSB ৼ৺৻ৼ $"4530 & 7PDBCVM¡SJP EF 'PVDBVMU VN QFSDVSTP QFMPT TFVT UFNBT DPODFJUPT F BVUPSFT #FMP )PSJ[POUF "VUªOUJDB ৼ৺৺ਃ $-"3,& " FU BM #JPNFEJDBMJ[BUJPO UFDIOPTDJFOUJD USBOTGPSNB UJPOT PG IFBMUI JMMOFTT BOE 64 CJPNFEJDJOF "NFSJDBO 4PDJPMPHJ DBM 3FWJFX W ਂ O ৼ Q ৻৻৻ਃ৾ "QS ৼ৺৺৽ %JTQPOWFM FN "DFTTP FN ৻ KBO ৼ৺৻৾
$0/3"% 1 *EFOUJGZJOH IZQFSBDUJWF DIJMESFO UIF NFEJDBMJ[BUJPO PG EFWJBOU CFIBWJPS #VSMJOHUPO "TIHBUF ৻ਃਁ ۘ .FEJDBMJ[BUJPO $IBOHJOH $POUPVST $IBSBDUFSJTUJDT BOE $POUFYUT *O $0$,&3)". 8 )FBMUI 4PDJPMPHZ PO UIF NPWF OFX EJSFD UJPOT JO UIFPSZ -POEPO 0YGPSE #MBDLXFMM ৼ৺৻৽ $034"30 8 " ࡋF TPDJPMPHZ PG DIJMEIPPE /FXCVSSZ 1BSL 1JOF 'PSHF 1SFTT ৻ਃਃਁ %0//"/(&-0 . $ 1&3&*3" - 4BºEF F TPDJFEBEF 4£P 1BVMP %VBT $JEBEFT ৻ਃਁ &)3&/#&3( " -ڣJOEJWJEV JODFSUBJO 1BSJT )BDIF॒F -J॒©SBUVSF ৻ਃਃ '"3*" " - ( '*/$0 % 0SHT 4PDJPMPHJB EB JOG¢ODJB OP #SBTJM $BNQJOBT "VUPSFT "TTPDJBEPT ৼ৺৻৻ '06$"6-5 . ৻ਃ৽ 0 OBTDJNFOUP EB DMOJDB j FE 3JP EF +BOFJSP 'PSFOTF 6OJWFSTJU¡SJB ৼ৺৺ਂ ۘ 0 QPEFS QTJRVJ¡USJDP ৻ਃਁ৾ਁ 4£P 1BVMP .BSUJOT 'POUFT ৼ৺৺
ਁਃ
("#& + य़F QIBSNBDFVUJDBMJTBUJPO PG TPDJFUZ *O $0/(3&440 #3"4*-&*30 %& $*/$*"4 40$*"*4 & )6."/"4 &. 4"%& ৼ৺৻৽ 3JP EF +BOFJSP ۘ 3+ (0''."/ & ৻ਃ৽ &TUJHNB /PUBT TPCSF B NBOJQVMB§£P EB JEFOUJ EBEF EFUFSJPSBEB ৾j FE 3JP EF +BOFJSP (VBOBCBSB ৻ਃਂਂ ."$)"%0 3 FU BM %BOB§£P EB OPSNB NFEJDJOB TPDJBM F DPOTUJUVJ§£P EB QTJRVJBUSJB OP #SBTJM 3JP EF +BOFJSP (SBBM ৻ਃਁਂ ."34*(-*" 3 . ( 5FNBT FNFSHFOUFT FN $JªODJBT 4PDJBJT F 4BºEF 1ºCMJDB$PMFUJWB B QSPEV§£P EP DPOIFDJNFOUP OB TVB JOUFSGBDF 4BºEF F TPDJFEBEF 4£P 1BVMP W ৼৼ O ৻ Q ৽ৼ৾৽ ৼ৺৻৽ %JTQPOWFM FN "DFTTP FN ৻৺ NBS ৼ৺৻৾ /6/&4 & % $FDMJB %POOBOHFMP QJPOFJSB OB DPOTUSV§£P UF³SJDB EF VN QFOTBNFOUP TPDJBM FN TBºEF $JªODJB F 4BºEF $PMFUJWB 3JP EF +BOFJSP W ৻৽ O ৽ Q ਃ৺ਃਃ৻ NBJKVO ৼ৺৺ਂ 27035361 + " JOG¢ODJB FORVBOUP DBUFHPSJB FTUSVUVSBM &EVDB§£P F 1FTRVJTB 4£P 1BVMP W ৽ O ৼ Q ৽৻৾৽ NBJBHP ৼ৺৻৺ 304& / ࡋF QPMJUJDT PG MJGF JUTFMG CJPNFEJDJOF QPXFS BOE TVCKFD UJWJUZ JO UIF UXFOUZSTU DFOUVSZ 1SJODFUPO 1SJODFUPO 6OJWFSTJUZ 1SFTT ৼ৺৺ਁ 4*305" 3 k*OUFSWJFX{ &OUSFWJTUB DPODFEJEB B .BSJF 3BVZOBM %J WFSTJU© 1BSJT Q ਃ KVO ৼ৺৺
ਂ৺