Osteoporosis

OSTEOPOROSIS
Prof G S Patnaik
Head ,Dept of Orthopedics
NMCH, Jamuhar , Bihar
This disorder of the skeleton weakens the bone and results in the frequent fractures in the bone.

The spine, hips, ribs, and wrists are common areas of bone fractures from osteoporosis.




At the top is the normal Bone



Effected by osteopenia showing lack of calcium



Severe case of osteoporosis
Types of osteoporosis:
Primary osteoporosis:

The condition is caused by age-related bone loss.

Usually in people after the age of 70.

Secondary osteoporosis:

The loss of bone mass is caused by lifestyle factors, diseases or medications.

Causes:
Hypogonadism
alcohol abuse
hypercalciurea
immobilization
SECONDARY CAUSES OF OSTEOPOROSIS
Endorine disecase
1. Hypogonadism*
2.Hyperparathyroidism
3 .Hyperthyroidism
4.Cushing's syndrome
5. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Inflammatory disease
1. Inflammatory bowel disease .
2.Ankylosing spondylitis
3.Rheumatoid arthritis .
Gastrointestinal disease
1. Malabsorption
2.Chronic liver disease

* Hypogonadism plays an important role in osteoporosis associated with these conditions.

Drugs
1.Corticosteroids
2.Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists*
3.Aromatase inhibitors
4.Thyroxine over-replacement
5.Sedatives 6. Rosiglitazone
7.Anticonvulsants
8. Alcohol excess 9.Heparin .10. Cyclosporine
Miscellaneous
1.Myeloma
2.Homocystinuria
3.Anorexia nervosa*
4.Highly trained athletes*
5.Gaucher's disease
6.Systemic mastocytosis
7.Immobilisation
8.Poor diet/low body weight .
9. Osteogenesis imperfecta



Nonmodifiable :
1.Personal history of
fracture as an adult .
2. History of fracture
in first-degree
relative.
3. Female sex
4. Advanced age
5. Caucasian race
6. Dementia


Potentially modifiable : 1.Current cigarette
smoking
2. Low body weight
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