Planejamento metropolitano: uma proposta de conservação urbana e territorial

July 10, 2017 | Autor: Norma Lacerda | Categoria: Human Geography
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EURE ISSN: 0250-7161 [email protected] Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Chile

Lacerda, Norma; Mendes Zancheti, Sílvio; Diniz, Fernando Planejamento metropolitano: uma proposta de conservação urbana e territorial EURE, vol. XXVI, núm. 79, diciembre, 2000, p. 0 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile

Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=19607905

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Sistema de Información Científica Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto

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Norma Lacerda, Sílvio Mendes Zancheti y Fernando Diniz**

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