Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 31 (2003) 95–97 www.elsevier.com/locate/biochemsyseco
Polyphenolic content of two Colombian Viburnum species (Caprifoliaceae) Annelise Lobstein a, Bernard Weniger a, Vale´ry Male´cot b, Byung H. Um a, Fernando Alzate c, Robert Anton a,∗ a
Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, UMR-CNRS 7081, Faculte´ de Pharmacie de Strasbourg, BP 24, F67401 Illkirch Cedex, France b Laboratoire de Pale´obotanique et Pale´oe´cologie, JE-CNRS 2160, Universite´ Pierre et Marie Curie, 12 rue Cuvier, F-75005 Paris, France c Facultat de Quı´mica Farmaceutica, Universidad de Antioquia, AA1226, Medellin, Colombia Received 27 September 2001; accepted 1 February 2002
Keywords: Viburnum cornifolium; Viburnum pichinchense; Caprifoliaceae; Amentoflavone
1. Subject and source The genus Viburnum comprises more than 230 species mainly distributed in the temperate or subtropical zones, particularly in Asia and North America. It is divided into eleven sections based on morphological characters and geographical origin (Nicholson, 1992). Viburnum cornifolium Killip & Smith and Viburnum pichinchense Benth., the first endemic to Colombia and the second occurring in Colombia, Ecuador and Bolivia (Killip & Smith, 1930), are until now considered to belong to section Oreinotinus but unplaced in Morton’s subdivisions of this section (Morton, 1933; Male´cot, 1997). In order to complete our recent chemotaxonomic investigation of this genus (Lobstein et al., 1999), leaves of V. cornifolium and of V. pichinchense were collected during September 1996 in Yotoco, near Cali (1300 m above m.s.l.) and in March 2000 in La Ceja, near Medellin (2480 m above m.s.l.), respectively. Voucher specimens (BWeniger050 and Alzate963, respectively) were deposited at the Herbarium (CUVC) of the University del Valle (Cali) and at the Herbarium (HUA) of the University of Antioquia (Medellin), respectively. ∗
Corresponding author. Tel.: +33-3-90-24-42-41; fax: +33-3-90-24-43-11. E-mail address:
[email protected] (R. Anton).
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2. Previous work The genus Viburnum is known to contain triterpenoids (Kagawa et al., 1998; Machida and Kikuchi, 1999), diterpenoids (Minami et al., 1998; Kubo et al., 1999), iridoids (Calis et al., 1995; Tomassini et al., 1999) and polyphenols (Bohm and Glennie, 1971; Khan et al., 1983; Kikuchi et al., 1995; Parveen et al., 1998). In previous work (Lobstein et al., 1999), we reported that amentoflavone (3’-8”biapigenin), the single biflavone present in Viburnum species, could be considered as a potential taxonomic marker. No phytochemical studies on V. cornifolium and V. pichinchense could be found in the literature.
3. Present study The dried plant materials were ground separately and exhaustively extracted with methanol. The corresponding concentrated extracts were directly subjected to reversed-phase preparative HPLC, using already described conditions (Lobstein et al., 1999). The chromatogram of the V. cornifolium extract did not show any peak in the elution zone of the biflavonoids, contrary to the V. pichinchense extract. The unique polyphenolic component detected in the latter was isolated and purified using Sephadex LH-20. Its structural elucidation as amentoflavone (Am) was achieved using 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectrometry and confirmed by co-chromatography with an authentic sample (Carl Roth, ref. 5255.1).
4. Chemotaxonomic significance Due to their partly hydrophylic, partly lipophylic nature, biflavonoids can be localized in the leaf tissues, including outer cell walls and cuticules as well as on the leaf surfaces (Wollenweber et al., 1998). Using the procedure carried out for Agathis robusta (Gadek et al., 1984), we confirmed the presence of Am in cuticular scrapings of Viburnum leaves (Lobstein, 1995). A subsequent survey of the Am content of Viburnum species, carried out on sixty samples representing eight of the eleven sections of the genus, gave interesting information at an infrageneric level (Lobstein et al., 1999). Three main groups could be observed: the first, characterized by the accumulation of high content of Am (more than 5 mg/g of leaves, dry weight), the second, characterized by the biosynthesis of only a small amount of Am (0.4 to 1 mg/g) and the last one, with a very low content of Am (0.05 to 0.15 mg/g). We observed that the heterogeneous distribution of this polyphenolic marker is related to the presence or absence of non-glandular hairs on leaves: Viburnum species with densely pubescent leaves, often with multicellular stellate trichomes, showed a high content of Am; those with slightly pubescent leaves, mainly with bifid trichomes, stored a lower Am content; whereas those with glabrous leaves, had the lowest Am level. The correlation between morphological (Killip and Smith, 1930) and chemical
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characters was again confirmed in this present study. The glabrous leaves of V. cornifolium were devoid of Am. By contrast, the leaves of V. pichinchense, bearing dense and stellate pubescence on their underside, accumulated Am.
Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank G. Wandjy for technical assistance and EcosNord/ICFES/Colciencias/ICETEX program for financial support.
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