Problem Tree (PT) &Transport and Logistics Analysis

Prof. Agostino Villa, Politecnico di Torino Student: Sajjad Khaksari June 6, 2015

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Production System Analysis & Italian Transport Companies


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A briefly endeavor to modeling

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s it possible to use the method we use to analyze the Production System for analyzing a Transport Company? My brief endeavor to analyze Transport services has started by asking this question. The question was that is it possible to assume a delivery good as a PF (final Product)? In addition to find out the EO’s, Components, Resources, Production Functions, Agents, Information patterns and Organizational Chart. So to find out which kind of information we need, lets start with explaining the main factors, those could build a Product Tree.

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Adopting and assuming some essential contraction We assume that FP is satisfactory of client by delivering good Pi to Ij . Furthermore i = 1, … , n ; they are different products (goods) from the same client (producer). For example in this case, we assume that OV (officina Vica) who is one of the most important supplier for Iveco, gives Pi to dp (De Poli autotrasporti) and requests a Transport service.

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So I is Iveco, that is one of the most important client for OV. In addition OV is supplier (Sn) for Iveco. Also OV is one of the Iveco’s suppliers. Time by time Iveco asks OV to support her Production Line by raw materials, those are necessary for JIT system. Iveco has different Delivery Point in her Lungo Stura Lazio plant, so we call them j = 1, … , n.

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The table of Production functions In this case we assume some principal activities which happened normally during the Transport. In reality the types of these functions are depend to feature of goods, the regulated rules from the government or European Union (EU) and other practical index of the products and facilities. 


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The table of Resources In the case of Resources, to having a simple imagination of dp transport system, we assume just one kind of Forklift or Van or other vehicle in the table of the Resources.

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R1

R2

R3

R4

R5

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The table of Agents Unfortunately in Italian families transport companies, they manage every things on base of their personal (non academic) experiences! Normally they believe the the main problem is crisis not any thing else! They just trust to members of family (as a her sons, or husband or son or daughter of her sisters/brothers etc.) not to any one else. That means, even the STAFF should be a member of family (normally the Son). Other DM’s, they are just worker! and they have to follow the STAFF and mamma PAC. Furthermore these kind of companies are not familiar with modern Accounting systems, Customer Relationship Manager systems, SCM systems etc.

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Agents

Assigned production Functions

Type

Responsibility on

Subordinated to

DM1

Loading&Unloading

LO

Storehouse

STAFF

DM2

Driver

LO

Transport

STAFF

DM3

Logistics Sub-Control

LO

Logistic Activities

STAFF

DM4

Logistics Control

STAFF

P. Activity of System

PAC

DM5

Company (Transport) Activity Control

PAC

System

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Standard Transport Time Timing is an another important factor to analyze the efficiency of the system. Time to reach the customer, time to loading, necessary time to drive the distance between the customer and delivery point. Moreover when we talk about freight transport systems, we can not forgot some important constraints such as the maximum hours of work that any driver has permission to do during the day and in totally during the week. [all the informations in the followed chart are based on the calculating one working day times of mine when I was working as a lorry driver].

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The resolutes are incredibly interesting and contrary with the empirically public opinion in the transport world. The companies those work yet in the traditional systems, believe that who waste the time is just the driver! So using Make-span (MS) as the Key Performance Indicator (KPI) helped us to find out this fantastic result. Statical result illustrate that just 24 % of a driver work’s times, delicate to driving. All other 76% are wasted in cause of repeatedly waiting for other PF’s! These (not principal but essential) operations are normally Loading, Unloading, Tacking or releasing necessary transport documents (DDT) etc.

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Reach Customer Wait for Loading L + tack doc. etc.

10%

Driving Wait for Unloading UL + tack doc.

4% 6% 24%

22% 11% 23%

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Problem Tree Problem Tree as a simple and fundamental imagination of what is happening in the system:

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FP = Satisfactory of client by delivering his goods Pi to Ij

Resources PF2 = Final unloading of goods

GE = Goods has entered to Delivery Point PF3 = Enter to the plant GA = Goods (vehicle) has arrived to the plant

PF5 = Driving

Tasks

R1

Forklift

R2

Van

R3

Truck

R4

Trailer

R5

Trailer Trainer

R6

Drive

GA = Goods (vehicle) has exited from the plant Sometime depends to various situation, here we will see a kind of LOOP. Means that vehicle have to exit of the plant and enter in it again. Maybe because of different Point of Loading or waiting for receive Final Product that is not ready yet etc.

PF4 = Exit from the plant Doc. = Transport’s Documents has taken

PF6 = Documents has taken

L = Goods has Loaded

PF1 = Loading operation

VE = Vehicle has entered to client’s plant

PF3 = Enter to the plant VA = Vehicle has arrived to the plant

N

PF5 = Driving

VX = Vehicle has exited from the plant PF4 = Exit from the plant

VR = Vehicle is ready to start working

PF7 = Vehicle preparing

NV = Non prepared vehicle for work

Production Functions

1

Loading

2

Unloading

3

Entering to the plant

4

Exiting from the plant

5

Driving

6

Tack/release Documents

7

Preparing Vehicle

8

Control

9

PAC

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So after illustrating of Problem Tree, its the time for Graph of Components, which represent the Elementary Operations and their numbers. In this case (Transport Activity) the graph is Linear but if we assume additional products in advanced analysis, it became more similar to Tree.

! 10 9 8 7 6 ! ! Then we have to create the Table of Paths: ! NV

VR

NV

VA

VX

VR

VX

VA

4

5

VE

L

VE

DO

L

DOC.

EX

3

EX

2

1

GA

GE

GA

GE

PF

PF

10 PHASES

! Then we have to find out Digram of Elementary Operations (EO’s) & Phases: ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! So its time to drawing and identifying the PF’s & EO’s: ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 10 9

7

8

6

7

5

6

4

5

3

4

2

3

1

2

F’s/P’s

1

1°

PF’s \ EO’s

2°

3°

1

4°

5°

2

6°

7°

3

8°

9°

4

1°

2°

3°

4°

5°

6°

7°

8°

9°

10°

10°

5

6

7

8

9

10

1

1

1

2

1

3

1

1

4

1

5

1

1

1

6

1

7

Furthermore, the graph of Functions & Phases: As you see in graph, the functions 3, 4 and 5 are happening in two different phases. Here we are going to represent the Graph of Production Functions and the Work Sequence: VX

VR

NV PF7

PF4

VA PF5

VE PF3

L PF1

EX

DOC PF6

PF4

GA PF5

GE PF3

PF

PF2

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Moreover before representing the final Work Sequence Layout, we have to create and explore the Table and Graph of Resources: R’s \ PF’s

1

2

1

1

1

3

4

5

6

7

1

1

8

9

2 3 4

1

5

1 1

6

1

1

However, you see the mass traffic of production functions behind the Resource 6. Do you remember who is responsible of 6th resource? Yes, you are right. He / she is Driver! So this means that the qualification of this resource is very important. Even you as a manager or as a controller is better to collaborate with driver, because efficiency and performance of this resource could seriously effect on the line of transport & logistic system. (Critical Point)

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Finally we arrived to the destination of this report! In the below figure we see the Work sequence and definite layout of the system. Critical point and bottle neck points are concentrated on R6.

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DM5

DM4

DM3

DM1

DM2

PF 4

PF 4

PF 5

PF 3 PF 5

PF 6

PF 3

PF 7

R6

PF 1

PF 2

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In addition, the Information Pattern of the company illustrate the flows of information between the DM’s. PAC (DM5) control all actors. Organization Chart illustrate the organizational position of 6th resource (driver) and the positions of his co-workers in the team of transport. STAFF and his staffs! (DM3 = Logistics sub-control) decide, order and control any movements.

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Information Pattern

Organization Chart PAC

DM5

STAFF

DM4

LO

DM1

LO

DM3

LO

LO

LO

DM2

Resources: To write this paper we use books and websites has addressed in below. ✓ A. Villa, De Toni, Palazzolo; Gestione della produzione, Isedi, 2013 ✓ DHL web site ✓ Trasporto merci su strada, è una pubblicazione a cura di: ANFIA - Associazione Nazionale Filiera Industria Automobilistica – Area Studi e Statistiche Automobile Club d’Italia – Area Professionale Statistica ✓ Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti, DIPARTIMENTO PER I TRASPORTI, LA NAVIGAZIONE ED I SISTEMI INFORMATIVI E STATISTICI, DIREZIONE GENERALE PER I SISTEMI INFORMATIVI, STATISTICI E LA COMUNICAZIONE; UFFICIO DI STATISTICA, SISTEMA STATISTICO NAZIONALE; Conto Nazionale delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti ✓ Analisi e previsioni per il trasporto merci in Italia, © Confcommercio-Imprese per l’Italia ✓ Logistics and supply chain management: creating value-adding networks / Martin Christopher. -- 4th ed. PEARSON EDUCATION LIMITED ✓ O'Brien, Marakas; Introduction to information system; 16th edition ✓ Sajjad Khaksari Blog; http://italiancoaddress.blogspot.it

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