Journal of Medical Pharmaceutical And Allied Sciences
REVIEW ARTICLE Ultra-Resilient Nanovesicular Systems: as a Novel Tool in Successful Transdermal Drug Delivery Pandey Vikas*, Shukla Ajay, Golhani Dilip, Shukla Rajesh *1
Department of Pharmaceutics,
Guru Ramdas Khalsa Institute of Science & Technology (Pharmacy), Jabalpur (M.P), 483001.
ABSTRACT
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Correspondence Vikash Pandey Guru Ram das khalsa technology & science, Jabalpur E-Mail:
[email protected] Keywords Deformable vesicles, transferosomes, transdermal, drug delivery. Received 25 November 2012 Reviewed 10 Dec 2012 Accepted 22 Dec 2012
Skin is always been an area of interest as a port of entry for the systemic delivery of various therapeutic agents and drugs as it deciphers the number of problems allied with oral route of drug administration but it is also fabricated with a complex barrier of stratum corneum which acts as a impending snag for passage of macromolecular /hydrophilic /ionizable bioactives. Various strategies have been developed in to resolve this issue like transcuteneous iontophoresis, microneedles, chemical permeation enhancers, electrophoresis, sonophoresis, vesicular systems (liposomes) etc, out of these one transferosomes emerges out as a promising approach. Transferosomes are novel vesicular system that are several time more flexible than conventional vesicular system consisting of Phospholipids, edge activators and ethanol which can be applied in non-occlusive manner, in regard to their ability of having deformation they can potentially deliver the therapeutic agents in non-invasive and non-allergenic manner. The present review article presents an exhaustive account on how transferosomes is an emerging tool in transdermal drug delivery systems.
Journal of Medical Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences (2012) 01; 1-17
1
INTRODUCTION Human skin has a multifunctional role primary among which is its role as a barrier against both the egress of endogenous substances such as water and the ingress of xenobiotic material (chemicals and drugs). This barrier function of the skin is reflected by its multilayered structure (Fig. 1). The top or uppermost layer of the skin known as the stratum corneum (SC) represents the end product of the differentiation process initially started in the basal layer of the epidermis with the formation of keratinocytes by mitotic division. The SC, therefore is
comprised
of
dead
cells
(corneocytes)
interdispersed within a lipid rich matrix. It is the
Fig.I Brick-and-mortar model of Stratum corneum and penetration routes through it.(1-2)
“brick and mortar” architecture and lipophilic
In the broadest sense, skin is always been a
nature of the SC, which primarily accounts for the
prominent harbor for topical administration of drugs
barrier properties of the skin (1-2). The SC is also
for the local treatment of skin diseases , but now the
known to exhibit selective permeability and allows
use of transdermal delivery for the systemic action
only relatively lipophilic compounds to diffuse into
is relatively new and substantially used. There are
the lower layers. As a result of the dead nature of
several advantages which has given immense
the SC, solute transport across this layer is primarily
popularity and brisk progress to transdermal
by passive diffusion
[3]
in accordance with Fick's
delivery
formulations
over
conventional
Law (4) and no active transport processes have been
formulations in past few years like., circumvention
identified. For a drug to be delivered passively via
of fluctuations which appear at gastro-intestinal
the skin it needs to have a suitable lipophilicity and
absorption (7), Enhancement in bioavailability of
a molecular weight
