River-a poem

Ecocsritical Finding
Man's selfish use of rivers
Obstructing its natural flow
The river used as the sewer of the city as we find in R.Parthasarathi's River ,Once
River as a toilet
Garbage in the river
Slide-9
Ramanujan's 'A River'-the poem
A River
In Madurai,
city of temples and poets,
who sang of cities and temples,
every summer
a river dries to a trickle
in the sand,
baring the sand ribs,
straw and women's hair
clogging the watergates
at the rusty bars
under the bridges with patches
of repair all over them
the wet stones glistening like sleepy
crocodiles, the dry ones
shaven water-buffaloes lounging in the sun
The poets only sang of the floods.

He was there for a day
when they had the floods.
People everywhere talked
of the inches rising,
of the precise number of cobbled steps
run over by the water, rising
on the bathing places,
and the way it carried off three village houses,
one pregnant woman
and a couple of cows
named Gopi and Brinda as usual.


Slide-3
Environmental Issues
Balance and imbalance
Ecological balance - a natural phenomenon
Ecological imbalance – man made
Man in the name of culture pays little attention to natural environment
Result-Ecological crisis
Slide-2
INTRODUCTION
Indian poetry in English emerged in the mid-twentieth century from the main stream of English Literature
Made its appearance as part of Indian Literature
Indian in sensibility and content and English in Language
Post independence poetry- a new creative urge
Poets more concerned with natural and environmental influence

Slide-1
Outline of Slides
Introduction
Environmental issues
Ramanujan's "A River"-the poem
"A River"-an ecological study
History of the river 'Vaikai'
The Summer
The Rainy season
Old poets on the river
New poets on the river
Ecocritical findings
Conclusions
References



Cont...
The new poets still quoted
the old poets, but no one spoke
in verse
of the pregnant woman
drowned, with perhaps twins in her,
kicking at blank walls
even before birth.

He said:
the river has water enough
to be poetic
about only once a year
and then
it carries away
in the first half-hour
three village houses,
a couple of cows
named Gopi and Brinda
and one pregnant woman
expecting identical twins
with no moles on their bodies,
with different coloured diapers
to tell them apart.
A River – an ecocritical study
Man – a part of Nature
Ecological imbalances and their impact on the frola and fauna –matter of great concern
Ramanujan- Born in Mysore and university Education in the west
Yet deep rooted feeling for his land
River Vaigai- a seat of Tamil Culture
Usefulness and relationship to man
Now in a state of decedence
Slide-3
History of Madurai and the Vaigai
Madurai- a city of Temples-Spiritual significane
A place of great importance
A Sweet City
A center of Tamil Culture and Learning
The Vaigai river on whose bank the city stands – a symbol of Power , Vitality and Energy
Water resource of the city
Slide-4
New poets on The Vaigai
Imitating the old poets
No sympathetic treatment of human suffering
Lack of creativity
A poetic decline
Slide-8
Old Poets On Vaigai
RomanticisesThe River Vaigai
Idealise or commercialise the situation
Nothing done to prevent the deatruction caused by flood
Lack of realism in poetry

Slide-7
The Rains
Rising of the river inch by inch.
Stone steps of the bathing ghats submerged one by one.
In the first half hour Three village houses washed away(symbolic),
One pregnant woman became the victim of flood,
Couple of cows-Gopi and Brinda washed away.
The Vaikhai now a destroyer of life
Slide-6
Two Different Spectacles-Summer & The Rains
The Summer
The River Vaigai reduces to narrow stream.
It is almost empty.
The ribs on the river beds are visible.
The wet stones looks like resting crocodiles.
The dry stones look like shaven buffaloes resting lazily in the sun.
Slide-5





Conclusion
The poet is concerned with the practical aspects of the river Vaigai
Formerly man a part of Nature and now the exploiter of her.
Man's unnatural treatment of Nature and its sad consequences
River Vaigai once a water resource of the people of Madurai; now a threat to them
The poem is a powerful message on ecological crisis of river pollution
Slide-10
References
Coupe, Laurence, ed. The Green Studies Reader: From Romanticism to Ecocriticism (Routledge, 2000).Print
Glotfelty, Cheryll and Fromm, Harold, eds, The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology (University of Georgia Press, 1996).Print
King Bruce. "History and Publishing Circles" Modern Indian Poetry in English. New Delhi:Oxford University Press, 2001. Print
. Naik, M.K. "The Achievement of Indian English Poetry" Perspectives on Indian Fiction. NewDelhi: Abhinav Publications. 1984. (208-22) Print.
Peeradina, Saleem. Contemporary Indian Poetry in English. Madras: Macmillan India Limited.1972. Print.
Ramanujan A.K. The Collected Poems. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1995. Print.

Slide 11

ECOLOGICAL IMBALANCE IN A.K.RAMANUJAN'S "A RIVER"
By
Sandip Kumar Mishra
Ph.D Scholar in English
Roll-1481097,Guide-Dr. Namita Panda


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