Saneamento básico. Factores sociais no insucesso da despoluição da bacia do rio Lis

                                  !  "
   #  !      # $  $ %      &' %   %    %   %    $(       ) %     $  %   #   &'  $ "* $    &     + , %       (   $         (   !$"
    (    &  $  +      -         $ &(#   (  &  %#  $  .$  $   (#  &'"

*/  0     0  1 /  0  

 # - $%$ 2$#% 
$ 3 ,  0 "4 # ,! ,!5&  $ 6    # 76 5 8"

     


  


 




            











 



 


 



         

   


 
 
  
  

 
   

     
 

 


     
 
  
 





 ! 
  
"



 
# 

 
 $  !%
 !

   
& 
$
 '  

 
'  

($
 
 ' 

# %
 %
)   %
*  % '  
  $


'
 

 
 + 
 


" %
 
 
 

&
 '  !

#  



 
$, 
 

( 

$
    -.
/ 
 

 
       


 -.

     
 
/  
  
.
0
 
 !  1



  


 


.
(
2  
 


-.

 

.
  
     


 
/
1




  % 

%

%

  %
 -3

% 
 


 
   
 
 -3%


 
 !



4


 

   

 5 

  

 -.

-.

  
%  %

  

4 4
 6

 

 
$$$    7 

8   
8-3
" 9  




5

 
 1& 
)*
:
6
+)     ;
>???
&  %
  

 @ 8 

6
A 
 B   *
 

&
  
(

C
/
 6@ 

6 
D

1& 
)*
:
6
+) "
F 
 

G


 
&  


5HVXPR $ DGHVmR j 8QLmR (XURSHLD HP  WURX[H D 3RUWXJDO RV PHLRV ILQDQFHLURV H WpFQLFRV QHFHVViULRV SDUD VXSULU DV VXDV FDUrQFLDV HP WHUPRV GH LQIUDHVWUXWXUDV GH HVJRWRV $SHVDU GHVVHLPSXOVRYHULILFDVHXPDLQFDSDFLGDGHLQWHUQDSDUDUHVROYHUFDEDOPHQWHRSUREOHPDTXH FRQWLQXD HP SDUWH VHP VROXo}HV DGHTXDGDV H VHP TXH VH LGHQWLILTXHP RV IDFWRUHV TXH WrP FRQWULEXtGRSDUDWDLVGLVIXQFLRQDPHQWRVFXMDVFRQVHTXrQFLDVVHUHIOHFWHPVREUHDTXDOLGDGH GH YLGD GDV SRSXODo}HV H VREUH RV HFRVVLVWHPDV H UHSUHVHQWDP HOHYDGRV FXVWRV HFRQyPLFRV SDUDRSDtV &RPRREMHFWLYRGHH[SOLFDURLQVXFHVVRGDVSROtWLFDVGHHVJRWRVDVVXPLPRVFRPRKLSyWHVH TXHLQWHUYLHUDPYDULiYHLVTXHDWpDTXLQmRWrPVLGRWRPDGDVHPFRQWDPDVVHPDVTXDLVQmR FRQVHJXLUHPRV UH FRQVWUXLU D QDUUDWLYD GH HQWHQGLPHQWR GR SUREOHPD 'LWR GH RXWUR PRGR TXHRVIDFWRUHVVRFLDLVHSROtWLFRVVmRDEVROXWDPHQWHGHWHUPLQDQWHVSDUDH[SOLFDURLQVXFHVVR GDVSROtWLFDVGHHVJRWRVUHSHUFXWLQGRVHVREUHXPDJDPDDODUJDGDGHRXWURVIDFWRUHV 2SWDPRV SRU XPD DQiOLVH JHQpULFD GR LQVXFHVVR GDV SROtWLFDV GH HVJRWRV H SRU HVWXGDU DV LPSOLFDo}HVGDSROXLomRGDEDFLDKLGURJUiILFDGRULR/LVFRPRHVWXGRGHFDVRSRUVHWUDWDUGH XPFDVRHPEOHPiWLFRGDQmRFRQFUHWL]DomRGDVSROtWLFDVHSRUVHDSUHVHQWDUFRPRXPFDVRGH ODERUDWRULDOWDQWRQRHQVDLRGHVROXo}HVGHXPVHFWRUHVSHFtILFRTXHDFDUDFWHUL]D±RVHFWRU VXLQtFROD ± FRPR XP FDVR ODERUDWRULDO GR SRQWR GH YLVWD VRFLROyJLFR QR TXH VH DSUHVHQWD FRPR XPD HVSpFLH GH HVSHOKR GR SDtV TXH DR PHVPR WHPSR DQVHLD DWLQJLU SDWDPDUHV HXURSHtVWDV H SHUVLVWH HP SUHVHUYDU D VXD FRQGLomR GH XPD VRFLHGDGH PDLV WUDGLFLRQDO $ HVFROKD GD EDFLD GR /LV MXVWLILFDVH LJXDOPHQWH SRUTXH VH WUDWD GH XP tFRQH GD SROXLomR KtGULFD QDFLRQDO H XP FDVR GH ORQJHYLGDGH QD DJHQGD PHGLiWLFD QXP SURFHVVR HP TXH R DXPHQWRGHYLVLELOLGDGHHGRSURWHVWRFtYLFRQmRVHUHIOHFWLXHPVROXo}HV 3DODYUDVFKDYH SROtWLFD GH HVJRWRV SROXLomR KtGULFD LPSDFWR GR VHFWRU VXLQtFROD DWHQomR PHGLiWLFD

ŝ 

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¶V SROOXWLRQ ZHUH DGRSWHG LQ WKLV VWXG\ -XVWLILFDWLRQIRUVXFKDQDO\WLFDOIRFXVDUHWKUHHIROGILUVWO\LWLVDQHPEOHPDWLFFDVHRIQRQ LPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIHQYLURQPHQWDOSXEOLFSROLFLHVVHFRQGO\LWKDVWKHFDSDFLW\WREHSRUWUD\HG DVDODERUDWRU\EHFDXVHLWLVDFDVHRIWHVWVROXWLRQVRIDVSHFLILFVHFWRUWKDWDIIHFWVLW±WKH SLJPHDW VHFWRU ±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

ŝŝ 

$JUDGHFLPHQWRV 3RU PDLV LQWHQVR TXH VHMD R QRVVR ODERU H YRQWDGH XP WUDEDOKR GHVWD DPSOLWXGH UHTXHU R HVWtPXOR DSRLR RULHQWDomR H FRODERUDomR GH YiULDV SHVVRDV $V SULPHLUDV SDODYUDV GH DJUDGHFLPHQWR GLULMRDV QDWXUDOPHQWH j 'RXWRUD /XtVD 6FKPLGW TXH PH DFRPSDQKRX QHVWH SHUFXUVRHFRPTXHPpVHPSUHPXLWRJUDWLILFDQWHHHVWLPXODQWHWUDEDOKDUHSHUDQWHTXHPDV GLILFXOGDGHV VmR GHVDILRV D VXSHUDU WUDQVIRUPDQGR D WHQWDWLYD H HUUR FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GH XPD LQYHVWLJDomRGHVWHJpQHURQXPFRQWtQXRSURJUHGLU3HORVHXFRQWULEXWRLPSUHVFLQGtYHODVVLP FRPRSHODHVWLPDVROLGDULHGDGHHSURIXQGRHPSHQKDPHQWRRPHXPXLWRREULJDGR $VHJXLUH[SUHVVRRUHFRQKHFLPHQWRGREHQHItFLRGDLQWHJUDomRQR2EVHUYD±2EVHUYDWyULRGH $PELHQWHH6RFLHGDGHQRTXHDJUDGHoRHPSDUWLFXODUj$LGD9DODGDVGH/LPD-RmR*XHUUD -RmR 3DWR -RDTXLP *LO 1DYH 0yQLFD 7UQQLQJHU 3HGUR 3ULVWD 6XVDQD 9DOHQWH H 7LDJR 6DUDLYD 1R ,&68/ DJUDGHoR jV FROHJDV H DPLJDV FRP TXHP WLYH R SUD]HU GH LQWHJUDU D UHSUHVHQWDomRGRVDOXQRVQR&RQVHOKR3HGDJyJLFRHVSHFLDOPHQWHj$QD*RQoDOYHVHj7HUHVD 5RVDGR1RkPELWRGRGRXWRUDPHQWRDJUDGHoRDRFROHJD-RVp3HGUR6LOYDFRPTXHPWUDEDOKHL DOJXPDVTXHVW}HV)RUDGHVWHFRQWH[WRDJUDGHoRRHQRUPHDSRLRHFRPSUHHQVmRGHDPLJRVH IDPLOLDUHV HP SDUWLFXODU j &DUPR 5DPRV -RDQD )DOFmR /~FLD 1HWR /XtVD 1RUD /XtV 0DQWHLJDV3DXOR6i5XL%DUURVFROHJDVHDPLJRVGD$35'­2 (PWHUPRVGHFRQFUHWL]DomRGRWUDEDOKRGLULMRXPDJUDGHFLPHQWRHVSHFLDODR0iULR2OLYHLUD XP QRYR DPLJR TXH QHVWH SHUFXUVR PH FRORFRX HP FRQWDFWR FRP RXWUDV GLPHQV}HV GR SUREOHPDHFRPDOJXQVGRVVHXVPDLVGLUHFWRVLQWHUYHQLHQWHVXPDJUDGHFLPHQWRTXHHVWHQGR LJXDOPHQWH j 2LNRV ± $VVRFLDomR GH 'HIHVD GR $PELHQWH H GR 3DWULPyQLR GD 5HJLmR GH /HLULD$JUDGHoRLJXDOPHQWHDGLVSRQLELOLGDGHHDSRLRGR6U$GHOLQR&DUDYHODGDVHFomRGH /HLULDGD$5+GR&HQWURGDSUySULD$GPLQLVWUDomRGD5HJLmR+LGURJUiILFDQDSHVVRDGRVHX YLFHSUHVLGHQWH HQJHQKHLUR -RVp 6HUUDQR DVVLP FRPR LJXDO GLVSRQLELOLGDGH H DSRLR GR SURIHVVRU 5HQDWR 3D] GH 5XL &UHVSR SRUWDYR] GD &RPLVVmR GH $PELHQWH H 'HIHVD GD 5LEHLUD GRV 0LODJUHV SHOD GLVSRQLELOLGDGH H PDWHULDO GLVSRQLELOL]DGR GR 6HUYLoR GH 3URWHFomRGD1DWXUH]DHGR$PELHQWH6(31$ GD*XDUGD1DFLRQDO5HSXEOLFDQDQDSHVVRD GR PDMRU $GpULWR 6DQWRV &KHIH GD 6HFomR GR &RPDQGR 7HUULWRULDO GH /HLULD GD 6LPOLV  6DQHDPHQWR,QWHJUDGRGRV0XQLFtSLRVGR/LV6$QDSHVVRDGR HQJHQKHLUR-DLPH*DEULHO 6LOYDDGPLQLVWUDGRUGHOHJDGRHGDVHQJHQKHLUDV0DUJDULGD'RORUHVH6DQGUD9LHLUD $ HVWHV QRPHV DFUHVFHQWR R QRPH H LQVWLWXLomR GRV HQWUHYLVWDGRV $QDEHOD *UDoD H )LOLSD $OYHVGD$'/(,±$VVRFLDomRSDUDR'HVHQYROYLPHQWRGH/HLULD $QDEHOD6LOYDMRUQDOLVWD GR-RUQDOGH/HLULD$QWyQLR/XFDVSUHVLGHQWHGD&kPDUD0XQLFLSDOGD%DWDOKD&OiXGLRGH ŝŝŝ 

-HVXVÈJXDVGH3RUWXJDO,QWHUQDFLRQDO'DYLG&DWDULQRH[SUHVLGHQWHGD&kPDUD0XQLFLSDO GH2XUpP'DYLG1HYHVSUHVLGHQWHGD5HFLOLVHGD$VVRFLDomRGH6XLQLFXOWRUHVGR&RQFHOKR GH/HLULD'RPLQJRV3DWDFKRUHVSRQViYHOSHOR1~FOHR5HJLRQDOGR5LEDWHMRH(VWUHPDGXUD GD4XHUFXV)HUQDQGRH6LOYD6RXVDH0iULR*RPHVUHVSHFWLYDPHQWHSUHVLGHQWHHVHFUHWiULR GD-XQWDGH)UHJXHVLDGRV0LODJUHV)LOLSH/RSHVGLULJHQWHGR 0RYLPHQWR$PRU6DXGiYHO +HLWRU GH 6RXVD H[GHSXWDGR GR %ORFR GH (VTXHUGD SHOR GLVWULWR GH /HLULD +HOHQD $PDUR MRUQDOLVWDGR'LiULRGH/HLULD+XPEHUWR5RVDH[6HFUHWiULRGH(VWDGRGR$PELHQWH,VDEHO *RQoDOYHV GRV 6DQWRV YHUHDGRUD GD &kPDUD 0XQLFLSDO GH /HLULD ,VDEHO 'DPDVFHQR H[ SUHVLGHQWHGD&kPDUD0XQLFLSDOGH/HLULD-RUJH&UHVSRSUHVLGHQWHGD-XQWDGH)UHJXHVLDGD %LGRHLUDGH&LPD-RVp$XJXVWR(VWHYHVH[PHPEURGD$VVHPEOHLD0XQLFLSDOGH/HLULDHP UHSUHVHQWDomR GR 3DUWLGR &RPXQLVWD 3RUWXJXrV -RVp +XPEHUWR 3DLYD GH &DUYDOKR H[ *RYHUQDGRU&LYLOGH/HLULD-RVp1XQHV$QGUpJHyJUDIR-XGLWH9LHLUDSURIHVVRUDQD(VFROD 6XSHULRU GH 7HFQRORJLD H *HVWmR GR ,QVWLWXWR 3ROLWpFQLFR GH /HLULD /DXUD (VSHUDQoD SUHVLGHQWHGD-XQWDGH)UHJXHVLDGH/HLULD-RVp$OKRYLFHSUHVLGHQWHGD&kPDUD0XQLFLSDO GH2XUpP0DULQD*XHUUDMRUQDOLVWDGR5HJLmRGH/HLULD1HXVD0DJDOKmHVH[YHUHDGRUDGD &kPDUD 0XQLFLSDO GH /HLULD DFWXDO VHFUHWiULD GD 1(5/(, 1XQR &DUYDOKR SUHVLGHQWH GD 2LNRV ± $VVRFLDomR GH 'HIHVD GR $PELHQWH H GR 3DWULPyQLR GD 5HJLmR GH /HLULD 1XQR 'DPiVLRGD$VVRFLDomRGH5HJDQWHVH%HQHILFLiULRVGR9DOHGR/LV2GHWH-RmRGHSXWDGDGR 3DUWLGR 6RFLDOLVWD 3DWUtFLD &DUUHLUD 'HSDUWDPHQWR GH $PELHQWH GD &kPDUD 0XQLFLSDO GH 3RUWR GH 0yV 3DXOR 9LFHQWH YLFHSUHVLGHQWH GD &kPDUD 0XQLFLSDO GD 0DULQKD *UDQGH H 5LFDUGR*DUFLDMRUQDOLVWDGR3~EOLFR 1mR TXHUR GHL[DU GH H[SUHVVDU R PHX SURIXQGR DJUDGHFLPHQWR DRV UHVSRQViYHLV H IXQFLRQiULRV GRV DUTXLYRV H ELEOLRWHFDV RQGH UHDOL]HL HVWD SHVTXLVD GHVLJQDGDPHQWH DR $UTXLYR $GPLQLVWUDWLYR GD &kPDUD 0XQLFLSDO GH /HLULD DUTXLYR GR H[,QVWLWXWR GD ÈJXD $UTXLYR 'LVWULWDO GH /HLULD %LEOLRWHFD GR ,QVWLWXWR GH &LrQFLDV 6RFLDLV GD 8QLYHUVLGDGH GH /LVERD%LEOLRWHFD0XQLFLSDO$IRQVR/RSHV9LHLUD/HLULD H%LEOLRWHFD1DFLRQDOGH3RUWXJDO 3RU~OWLPRDJUDGHoRDR*DELQHWHGH(VWXGRV3yVJUDGXDGRVGR,&68/HPSDUWLFXODUj'U 0DULD*RUHWWL0DWLDVWRGRRDSRLRHHQFRUDMDPHQWRDRORQJRGHVWHSHUFXUVR $ WRGRV LGHQWLILFDGRV RX VRE GHVLJQDomR LQVWLWXFLRQDO R PHX PDLV VLQFHUR H SURIXQGR DJUDGHFLPHQWR

ŝǀ 

¬0LQKDPmH HjPHPyULDGRPHXSDL HGDPLQKDDYy7HUHVD

ǀ 

Ë1',&(*(5$/ ËQGLFHGHJUiILFRV ËQGLFHGHTXDGURV ËQGLFHGHHVTXHPDVHPDSDV 6LJODVHDEUHYLDWXUDV ,,QWURGXomR««««««««««««««««««««««««««««



,, (VWUDWpJLDPHWRGROyJLFD««««««««««««««««««««««



,,3URSRVWDGHDQiOLVH«««««««««««««««««««««««



,,3HUFXUVRPHWRGROyJLFR««««««««««««««««««««««



,,&RQVXOWDGHGRFXPHQWRVRILFLDLV««««««««««««««««



,,5HFROKDGHGDGRVHVWDWtVWLFRV«««««««««««««««««««



,,5HFROKDHDQiOLVHGHQRWtFLDVVREUHDSROXLomRGDEDFLDGR/LVQDLPSUHQVD



,,5HDOL]DomRGHHQWUHYLVWDV««««««««««««««««««««  ,,'LPHQVmRHVFDODHLQVWUXPHQWRV«««««««««««««««««  ,,,(QTXDGUDPHQWRWHyULFR«««««««««««««««««««««««



,,,7UDQVIRUPDomRGRVSUREOHPDVDPELHQWDLVHPSUREOHPDVVRFLDLV«««««



,,,&RPXQLFDomRVRFLDOHDPELHQWH««««««««««««««««««



,,,2VPRYLPHQWRVVRFLDLVQDGHILQLomRGRWHPDDPELHQWH«««««««««



,,,0RGHUQL]DomR(FROyJLFDUHIRUPDDPELHQWDOHVHFWRUVXLQtFROD««««  ,,,'HJUDGDomRDPELHQWDOFRPRULJHPHPVXLQLFXOWXUDV«««««««««



,9 $YDQoRVHUHFXRVGDVSROtWLFDVGHHVJRWRV«««««««««««««««



,95Dt]HVKLVWyULFDVGRLQVXFHVVRGDVSROtWLFDVQDFLRQDLVGHHVJRWRV«««««



,9(VJRWRVHSULRULGDGHVGH$EULOGH«««««««««««««««



,9 3ROtWLFDGHHVJRWRVDSyVDDGHVmRj8QLmR(XURSHLD«««««««««



,93($$6$5±XPDHVWUDWpJLDSDUDRVHFWRU"«««««««««««««



,9/HJLVODomRDSOLFiYHOjGHVFDUJDGHHIOXHQWHVVXLQtFRODVHPPHLRKtGULFR««



92ULJHPHDXPHQWRGHHVFDODGDSROXLomRKtGULFD«««««««««««««  9(PHUJrQFLDGRVHVJRWRVFRPRSUREOHPD«««««««««««««««  9(VJRWRVHGHVLJXDOGDGHVVRFLDLV««««««««««««««««««  9'RVULRVFRPRYD]DGRXURVjLQFDSDFLGDGHGHVHUHJHQHUDUHP«««««««  9, &DUDFWHUL]DomRVRFLRGHPRJUiILFDGDEDFLDKLGURJUiILFDGRULRGR/LV««



9,/RFDOL]DomRHFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV««««««««««««««««««« 

ǀŝ 

9,3HUILOGHPRJUiILFR«««««««««««««««««««««««  9, ,QG~VWULDH[WUDFWLYDHLQG~VWULDWUDQVIRUPDGRUDQDUHJLmR«««««««  9,$VVXLQLFXOWXUDVQDEDFLDGR/LV«««««««««««««««««  9,, /LVXPDKLVWyULDGHSROXLomR««««««««««««««««««««  9,,/LVFDQWDGR««««««««««««««««««««««««««  9,,/LVGRPHVWLFDGR««««««««««««««««««««««««  9,,/LVSROXtGR««««««««««««««««««««««««««  9,,/LV(XURSHX«««««««««««««««««««««««««  9,,³&DWiVWURIHGH6XLQRE\O´«««««««««««««««««««



9,,/LVUHYLVLWDGR««««««««««««««««««««««««  9,,, 3ROXLomRVXLQtFRODYLVLELOLGDGHFtYLFDHPHGLiWLFDGDEDFLDGR/LV««««  9,,,2VSULPHLURVDOHUWDV««««««««««««««««««««««  9,,,(YROXomRHGHVWDTXHGRVUHJLVWRVQRWLFLRVRVQDLPSUHQVDUHJLRQDO«««  9,,,'LYHUVLGDGHGRVSUREOHPDV««««««««««««««««««  9,,,2VSURWDJRQLVWDV««««««««««««««««««««««  9,,, 9LVLELOLGDGHGRVPRYLPHQWRVFtYLFRVHGDVSHUVRQDOLGDGHV««««  9,,,/RFDLVUHIHULGRVQDVQRWtFLDV ««««««««««««  9,,,$5LEHLUDGRV0LODJUHVFRPRtFRQHGDSROXLomRKtGULFDQDFLRQDO««««  ,; $YDQoRVHUHFXRVGDGHVSROXLomRGDEDFLDGR/LV««««««««««««  ,;'LPHQV}HVGRSUREOHPD«««««««««««««««««««««  ,;(VWLJPDHGHVFRQILDQoDHPUHODomRDRVHFWRUVXLQtFROD««««««««  ,;7UDQVYHUVDOLGDGHGDGHVFRQILDQoD««««««««««««««««  ,;3UR[LPLGDGHHPRELOL]DomRFtYLFD«««««««««««««««««  ,;&RQVHQVRVHFRQIOLWRV«««««««««««««««««««««  ;&RQFOXV}HV««««««««««««««««««««««««««««  ;, %LEOLRJUDILD«««««««««««««««««««««««««««  $1(;26HP&'520 

ǀŝŝ