SEGURANÇA REAL E VIRTUAL: OS NOVOS DESAFIOS DAS TEORIAS DE SEGURANÇA

artigo

SEGURANÇA REAL E VIRTUAL: OS NOVOS DESAFIOS DAS TEORIAS DE SEGURANÇA. André E R S Aprigio1 •ƒ„‡Ž•–”ƒ†ƒƒ”˜ƒŽŠƒ‹•2 RESUMO: RESUMO:ƒ”–‹‰‘‘„Œ‡–‹˜ƒǡ†‡ˆ‘”ƒ•—ž”‹ƒǡ†‹•…‘””‡”•‘„”‡‘•†‡•ƒϐ‹‘•…‘–‡’‘”Ÿ‡‘•†ƒ•–‡‘”‹ƒ•†‡  ƒ”–‹‰‘ ‘„Œ‡–‹˜ƒǡ †‡ ˆ‘”ƒ •—ž”‹ƒǡ ABSTRACT: Š‹•ƒ”–‹…Ž‡ƒ‹•–‘„”‹‡ϐŽ›†‹•…—••–Š‡ segurança, a visão diversos teóricos com uma visão desde o surgimento da †‹•…‘””‡” sob •‘„”‡ ‘•europeia, †‡•ƒϐ‹‘•apresentando …‘–‡’‘”Ÿ‡‘• …‘–‡’‘”ƒ”›…ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•–‘–Š‡•‡…—”‹–›–Š‡‘”‹‡•ǡ‹ ‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ—”‘’‡‹ƒ†‡‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ‡‡ˆ‡•ƒȋȌǡ’ƒ••ƒ†‘’‡Ž‘ƒ†˜‡–‘†ƒ‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ‘—†‡‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ das teorias de segurança, sob a visão europeia, a European perspective, presenting several theorists ‡apresentando ‡ˆ‡•ƒ ȋȌǤ  ƒ”–‹‰‘ Žƒ­ƒcom —uma ‘ŽŠƒ” ƒ‹• …‘–‡’‘”Ÿ‡‘ ‡ˆ”‘ — —†‘ǡ …ƒ†ƒ ˜‡œ Ž‹‰ƒ†‘ǡ diversos teóricos visão desde ™‹–Š ƒ ˜‹•‹‘ –Š‡ ‡‡”‰‡…‡ ‘ˆƒ‹•ǡ –Š‡ —”‘’‡ƒ ‹–‡”Ž‹‰ƒ†‘ǡ‹–‡”†‡’‡†‡–‡‡…‘’Ž‡š‘ǡ‡“—‡‡ˆ”‡–ƒDz‘˜ƒ•ƒ‡ƒ­ƒ•dz…‘•–ƒ–‡••‡‰—”ƒ­ƒǡ–ƒ„± ‘ •—”‰‹‡–‘ †ƒ ‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ —”‘’‡‹ƒ †‡ ‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ ‡ ‡…—”‹–› ƒ† ‡ˆ‡•‡ ‘Ž‹…› ȋȌǡ –Š”‘—‰Š –Š‡ ‘—†‘˜‹”–—ƒŽǡ•‘„”‡–—†‘‡”ƒœ ‘†‘•—”‰‹‡–‘†‘  Ǥ ‡ˆ‡•ƒ ȋȌǡ ’ƒ••ƒ†‘ ’‡Ž‘ ƒ†˜‡–‘ †ƒ ‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ ƒ†˜‡–‘ˆ–Š‡‘‘‡…—”‹–›ƒ†‡ˆ‡•‡‘Ž‹…› ‘— †‡ ‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ ‡ ‡ˆ‡•ƒ ȋȌǤ  ƒ”–‹‰‘ ȋȌǤŠ‹•ƒ”–‹…Ž‡’”‘˜‹†‡•ƒ‘”‡…‘–‡’‘”ƒ”› Palavras-chave: Europa, Estratégia, ‡‰—”ƒ­ƒǡ‹”–—ƒŽǡ  Ǥ Žƒ­ƒ—‘ŽŠƒ”ƒ‹•…‘–‡’‘”Ÿ‡‘‡——†‘ǡ Ž‘‘ ‹ ƒ ‹…”‡ƒ•‹‰Ž› ‹–‡”…‘‡…–‡† ™‘”Ž†ǡ …ƒ†ƒ ˜‡œ ƒ‹•ǡ Ž‹‰ƒ†‘ǡ ‹–‡”Ž‹‰ƒ†‘ǡ ‹–‡”†‡’‡†‡–‡ ‹–‡”†‡’‡†‡–ƒ†…‘’Ž‡šǡƒ†–Šƒ–ˆƒ…‡•…‘•–ƒ– ABSTRACT: Š‹• ƒ‹• –‘ „”‹‡ϐŽ› †‹•…—•• –Š‡ …‘–‡’‘”ƒ”› …ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡• –‘ –Š‡ •‡…—”‹–› ‹ ‡ …‘’Ž‡š‘ǡ ‡ ƒ”–‹…Ž‡ “—‡ ‡ˆ”‡–ƒ Dz‘˜ƒ• ƒ‡ƒ­ƒ•dz Dz‡™ –Š”‡ƒ–•dz –‘ •‡…—”‹–›ǡ ‘–ƒ„Ž› ‹–Š‡‘”‹‡•ǡ –Š‡ ˜‹”–—ƒŽ ƒ…‘•–ƒ–‡••‡‰—”ƒ­ƒǡ–ƒ„±‘—†‘˜‹”–—ƒŽǡ —”‘’‡ƒ ’‡”•’‡…–‹˜‡ǡ ’”‡•‡–‹‰ •‡˜‡”ƒŽ –Š‡‘”‹•–• ™‹–Š ƒ ˜‹•‹‘ ˆ”‘ –Š‡ ‡‡”‰‡…‡ ‘ˆ –Š‡ —”‘’‡ƒ ™‘”Ž†ǡ‡•’‡…‹ƒŽŽ›†—‡–‘–Š‡‡‡”‰‡…‡‘ˆ  Ǥ ‡…—”‹–›ƒ†‡ˆ‡•‡‘Ž‹…›ȋȌǡ–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡ƒ†˜‡–‘ˆ–Š‡‘‘‡…—”‹–›ƒ†‡ˆ‡•‡‘Ž‹…›ȋȌǤ •‘„”‡–—†‘‡”ƒœ ‘†‘•—”‰‹‡–‘†‘  Ǥ Š‹•ƒ”–‹…Ž‡’”‘˜‹†‡•ƒ‘”‡…‘–‡’‘”ƒ”›Ž‘‘‹ƒ‹…”‡ƒ•‹‰Ž›‹–‡”…‘‡…–‡†™‘”Ž†ǡ‹–‡”†‡’‡†‡– Keywords: Europe, –”ƒ–‡‰›ǡ ‡…—”‹–›ǡ‹”–—ƒŽǡ  Ǥ ƒ†…‘’Ž‡šǡƒ†–Šƒ–ˆƒ…‡•…‘•–ƒ–Dz‡™–Š”‡ƒ–•dz–‘•‡…—”‹–›ǡ‘–ƒ„Ž›‹–Š‡˜‹”–—ƒŽ™‘”Ž†ǡ‡•’‡…‹ƒŽŽ›†—‡ Palavras-chave: Europa, Estratégia, Segurança, –‘–Š‡‡‡”‰‡…‡‘ˆ  Ǥ ‹”–—ƒŽǡ  Ǥ Keywords: Europe, –”ƒ–‡‰›ǡ ‡…—”‹–›ǡ‹”–—ƒŽǡ  Ǥ

1. No mundo real —”ƒ–‡‘’‡”À‘†‘’וʹ͐ —‡””ƒ—†‹ƒŽǡƒ–‡”‡”‡ˆ‘”­ƒ”‘•Žƒ­‘•–”ƒ•ƒ–ŽŸ–‹…‘•

entre a Europa e os Estados Unidos ’ƒ••‘—ƒ•‡”—ƒ’”‡‘…—’ƒ­ ‘ƒƒ‰‡†ƒ†ƒ’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ ‡š–‡”ƒ†‘‡‹‘‹†‘Ǥ•–‡˜‹—Ǧ•‡…‘‘—ƒ’‘–‡‡–”‡‘•†‘‹•…‘–‹‡–‡•Ǥ

No entanto, o sistema de segurança mudou radicalmente após a Guerra Fria. Após o †‡””ƒƒ‡–‘†‡•ƒ‰—‡ƒ”‡‰‹ ‘†‘•ƒŽ… •ǡ‘‰‘˜‡”‘„”‹–Ÿ‹…‘’‡”…‡„‡—“—‡ƒ‹ ‘

Europeia (UE) deveria assumir uma maior responsabilidade pela segurança e defesa. Ž±†‹••‘ǡƒ‡Ž‡‹­ ‘†‡‘›Žƒ‹”…‘‘’”‹‡‹”‘Ǧ‹‹•–”‘ƒ”…‘——ƒ—†ƒ­ƒ ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽƒƒ„‘”†ƒ‰‡†‘‡‹‘‹†‘‡”‡Žƒ­ ‘—”‘’ƒǡˆƒ˜‘”‡…‡†‘—ƒ’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ †‡‡‰ƒŒƒ‡–‘…‘•–”—–‹˜‘‘•‡‹‘†ƒ•‹•–‹–—‹­Ù‡•‡—”‘’‡‹ƒ•Ǥ ‘‘‘‡‹‘‹†‘ǡƒ ”ƒ­ƒ‡•–ƒ˜ƒ…‘˜‡…‹†ƒ†‡“—‡ƒ‡•–ƒ„‹Ž‹†ƒ†‡†‘±•–‹…ƒ‡ ‹–‡‰”ƒ­ ‘ƒ’וǦ‰—‡””ƒˆ”‹ƒŒž ‘„ƒ•–ƒ˜ƒ’ƒ”ƒ‰ƒ”ƒ–‹”ƒ•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒƒ—”‘’ƒǤ

André E R S Aprigio ±†‘—–‘”ƒ†‘‡‹²…‹ƒ‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ‡‡Žƒ­Ù‡• –‡”ƒ…‹‘ƒ‹•’‡Žƒ‹˜‡”•‹†ƒ†‡†‘ ‹Š‘ȋ‹Š‘Ǧ‘”–—‰ƒŽȌǡ‡•–”‡‡‡•’‡…‹ƒŽ‹•–ƒ‡‡Žƒ­Ù‡• –‡”ƒ…‹‘ƒ‹•’‡Žƒ‡•ƒ‹•–‹–—‹­ ‘ǡ‡Ǧ „”‘…‘Žƒ„‘”ƒ†‘”†‘‡–”‘†‡ ˜‡•–‹‰ƒ­ ‘‡‹²…‹ƒ‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒȋ Ȍ‡’‡•“—‹•ƒ†‘”˜‹•‹–ƒ–‡†‘  Ȁȁ [email protected]. 2 Isabel Estrada Carvalhais ±’”‘ˆ‡••‘”ƒ†‘‡’ƒ”–ƒ‡–‘†‡‡Žƒ­Ù‡• –‡”ƒ…‹‘ƒ‹•‡†‹‹•–”ƒ­ ‘ ‹…ƒ†ƒ‹Š‘ǡ†‹”‡–‘”ƒ†‘”‘‰”ƒƒ†‡‘—–‘”ƒ‡–‘‡‹²…‹ƒ‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ‡‡Žƒ­Ù‡• –‡”ƒ…‹‘ƒ‹• †ƒ‡•ƒ‹•–‹–—‹­ ‘‡‡„”‘‹–‡‰”ƒ†‘†‘ Ǥ2†‘—–‘”ƒ‡‘…‹‘Ž‘‰‹ƒ’‡Žƒ‹˜‡”•‹†ƒ†‡†‡ƒ”™‹…ǡ ‡•–”‡‡‘…‹‘Ž‘‰‹ƒ’‡Žƒ‹˜‡”•‹†ƒ†‡†‡‘‹„”ƒ‡‰”ƒ†—ƒ†ƒ‡‡Žƒ­Ù‡• –‡”ƒ…‹‘ƒ‹•’‡Žƒ‹Š‘ȁ [email protected]. 1

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artigo †‡ƒ‹•ǡ—‘„Œ‡–‹˜‘…‡–”ƒŽ†ƒ’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ‡š–‡”ƒ‡†‡•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒˆ”ƒ…‡•ƒŒž ‘‡”ƒǡ Šž —‹–‘ǡ …”‹ƒ” —ƒ ’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ †‡ •‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ ‡ †‡ˆ‡•ƒ ‡—”‘’‡‹ƒ ȋ”‡Žƒ–‹˜ƒ‡–‡Ȍ ƒ—–ؐ‘ƒ ’ƒ”ƒ…‘–”ƒ„ƒŽƒ­ƒ”‘•‡…‘’Ž‡‡–ƒ”ƒǤ ”ƒ­ƒ–ƒ„±‡•’‡”ƒ˜ƒ“—‡‡••ƒ ’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ…‘†—œ‹••‡ƒ—ƒ’ƒ”…‡”‹ƒ–”ƒ•ƒ–ŽŸ–‹…ƒƒ‹•‡“—‹Ž‹„”ƒ†ƒǤ ‡…Žƒ”ƒ­ ‘†‡ƒ‹–ǦƒŽ‘͵ȋͳͻͻͺǡͳǡ–”ƒ†—­ ‘‘••ƒȌǡ“—‡Ž‡˜‘—…”‹ƒ­ ‘†ƒ‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ

—”‘’‡‹ƒ†‡‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ‡‡ˆ‡•ƒȋȌǡ‡š’Ž‹…‹–ƒ“—‡ƒ†‡˜‡ƒ†“—‹”‹”ƒDz…ƒ’ƒ…‹†ƒ†‡ †‡ ƒ­ ‘ ƒ—–ؐ‘ƒǡ ƒ’‘‹ƒ†ƒ ‡ ˆ‘”­ƒ• ‹Ž‹–ƒ”‡• …”‡†À˜‡‹•ǡ †‡ ‡‹‘• ’ƒ”ƒ †‡…‹†‹” •‘„”‡ •—ƒ—–‹Ž‹œƒ­ ‘‡†‡˜‘–ƒ†‡’ƒ”ƒˆƒœ²ǦŽ‘ǡƒϐ‹†‡”‡•’‘†‡”ƒ…”‹•‡•‹–‡”ƒ…‹‘ƒ‹•Ǥdz4. No ‡–ƒ–‘ǡ‡••‡…‘’”‘‹••‘ ‘†‡˜‡”‹ƒ†‡•ƒϐ‹ƒ”‘’ƒ’‡Ž†ƒǡ—ƒ˜‡œ“—‡ƒ†‡˜‡ ƒ‰‹”‡…‘•‘Ÿ…‹ƒ…‘ƒ•”‡•’‡…–‹˜ƒ•‘„”‹‰ƒ­Ù‡•…‘ƒŽ‹ƒ­ƒǤ ‘ ‘—–”‘ Žƒ†‘ †‘ –ŽŸ–‹…‘ǡ ’‘”±ǡ ƒ ‡…Žƒ”ƒ­ ‘ †‡ ƒ‹–ǦƒŽ‘ ˆ‘‹ ”‡…‡„‹†ƒ …‘ —…‡”–‘‰”ƒ—†‡…‡–‹…‹•‘ǤŽ‰—•–‘ƒ†‘”‡•†‡†‡…‹• ‘’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒƒ‡”‹…ƒ‘•ǡ‹…Ž—‹†‘ ƒ ‡– ‘ •‡…”‡–ž”‹ƒ †‡ •–ƒ†‘ ƒ†‡Ž‡‹‡ Ž„”‹‰Š–ǡ ‡š’”‡••ƒ”ƒ ’—„Ž‹…ƒ‡–‡ •—ƒ•

’”‡‘…—’ƒ­Ù‡• …‘ ƒ ‹‹…‹ƒ–‹˜ƒ ”ƒ…‘Ǧ”‹–Ÿ‹…ƒǡ ’‘‹• ’‡•ƒ˜ƒ “—‡ ’‘†‡”‹ƒ ’”‡Œ—†‹…ƒ” ƒǡ‡Ž‡˜ƒ”†—’Ž‹…ƒ­ ‘†‡•‡…‡••ž”‹ƒ‘–‘…ƒ–‡ƒ“—‡•–Ù‡•†‡•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ‡’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒǤ ‹•• ‘†ƒ…‘‘—ƒƒŽ‹ƒ­ƒ†‡†‡ˆ‡•ƒ’ƒ”‡…‹ƒ‡•–ƒ”…‘’Ž‡–ƒǡ—ƒ˜‡œ

“—‡ ƒ ‹ ‘ ‘˜‹±–‹…ƒ Šƒ˜‹ƒ •‡ †‡•‹–‡‰”ƒ†‘Ǥ ƒ• ˆ‘‹ †—”ƒ–‡ ƒ †±…ƒ†ƒ †‡ ͳͻͻͲ “—‡ ƒ OTAN passou a focar em sua transformação. Novos órgãos foram criados para garantir a Ž‡ƒŽ†ƒ†‡†‘••–ƒ†‘•‡‡”‰‡–‡•ǣ‘•‡ŽŠ‘†‡‘‘’‡”ƒ­ ‘†‘–ŽŸ–‹…‘‘”–‡ȋȌǡ ’‘•–‡”‹‘”‡–‡…Šƒƒ†‘‘•‡ŽŠ‘†‡ƒ”…‡”‹ƒ—”‘Ǧ–ŽŸ–‹…ƒȋȌ‡†ƒƒ”…‡”‹ƒ’ƒ”ƒ

ƒƒœȋˆȌˆ‘”ƒ‘•ƒ‹•‹’‘”–ƒ–‡•ǡƒŽ±†‘‘•‡ŽŠ‘Ǧ‹ƒǤ ƒ‘ˆ‡”²…‹ƒ†ƒ‡ͳͻͻ͹ˆ‘‹–‘ƒ†ƒƒ†‡…‹• ‘’‡Ž‘•‡—ƒŽƒ”‰ƒ‡–‘Ǥ ”ƒ­ƒ‹‹…‹‘—‘†‹•…—”•‘“—‡’‘†‡”‹ƒ–‡”•‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒ†‘ƒ•—ƒ”‡‹–‡‰”ƒ­ ‘ƒ‡•–”—–—”ƒ†‡ …‘ƒ†‘‹Ž‹–ƒ”‡ƒ•’ƒŠƒ•‡Œ—–‘—‡•–”—–—”ƒ†‡…‘ƒ†‘‹Ž‹–ƒ”†ƒǤ

A missão da OTAN também foi transformada, sendo adaptada para combinar com ‘ ‘˜‘ ƒ„‹‡–‡ ‡•–”ƒ–±‰‹…‘Ǥ  “—ƒ†”‘ ‘’‡”ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ †ƒ  –‡˜‡ †‡ •‡” ƒŽ–‡”ƒ†‘ǡ †‡ ‘†‘ƒ‹’Žƒ–ƒ”ƒ‹‘”ϐŽ‡š‹„‹Ž‹†ƒ†‡‡‡ϐ‹…ž…‹ƒǤƒ”‡—‹ ‘†‡Œ—Š‘†‡ͳͻͻͻ†‘‘•‡ŽŠ‘ —”‘’‡—ǡ‡‘ŽØ‹ƒǡƒŽ‡ƒŠƒǡ‘•…Š‡ˆ‡•†‡•–ƒ†‘‡†‡ ‘˜‡”‘”‡••ƒŽ–ƒ”ƒ“—‡ƒ PESD visa dotar a UE com os meios necessários para assumir as suas responsabilidades, ‘”‡–‡‘“—‡–ƒ‰‡…ƒ’ƒ…‹†ƒ†‡†‡–‘ƒ”†‡…‹•Ù‡••‘„”‡ƒ’”‡˜‡­ ‘†‡…‘ϐŽ‹–‘• ‡‰‡•– ‘†‡…”‹•‡•†‡ϐ‹‹†ƒ•‘”ƒ–ƒ†‘†ƒ‹ ‘—”‘’‡‹ƒȋȌǡ‘—•‡Œƒǡƒ•–ƒ”‡ˆƒ•†‡ Petersberg.

•…Š‡ˆ‡•†‡•–ƒ†‘‡†‡ ‘˜‡”‘…Š‡‰ƒ”ƒƒƒ…‘”†‘•‘„”‡ƒ””ƒŒ‘•‹•–‹–—…‹‘ƒ‹• ’ƒ”ƒ ƒ••‡‰—”ƒ” ‘ …‘–”‘Ž‡ ’‘ŽÀ–‹…‘ ‡ ƒ †‹”‡­ ‘ ‡•–”ƒ–±‰‹…ƒ †ƒ• ‘’‡”ƒ­Ù‡• ‡–‡”•„‡”‰ lideradas pela UE (EU-led operationsȌǤ ƒ ‘ˆ‡”²…‹ƒ †‡ ‡Ž•‹‹ǡ ‡ †‡œ‡„”‘ †‡ ͳͻͻͻȋ‡”‡—‹Ù‡•’‘•–‡”‹‘”‡•Ȍǡ‘‘•‡ŽŠ‘—”‘’‡—†‡ϐ‹‹—‘•’ƒ’±‹•†‡••ƒ•‹•–‹–—‹­Ù‡• ‘ˆ‡”²…‹ƒ†‡ƒ‹–ǦƒŽ‘ǡ”‡ƒŽ‹œƒ†ƒ‡–”‡‘•†‹ƒ•͵Ͷ†‡†‡œ‡„”‘†‡ͳͻͻͺǤ ˆǤ–‡š–‘‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡‹‰Ž²•Dz…ƒ’ƒ…‹–›ˆ‘”ƒ—–‘‘‘—•ƒ…–‹‘ǡ„ƒ…‡†—’„›…”‡†‹„Ž‡‹Ž‹–ƒ”›ˆ‘”…‡•ǡ–Š‡ ‡ƒ•–‘†‡…‹†‡–‘—•‡–Š‡ǡƒ†ƒ”‡ƒ†‹‡••–‘†‘•‘ǡ‹‘”†‡”–‘”‡•’‘†–‘‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ…”‹•‡•dzǡ†‹•’‘À˜‡Ž ‡ǣŠ––’ǣȀȀ‡‡ƒ•Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ•‡…—”‹–›Ǧ†‡ˆ‡…‡Ȁ‹†‡š̴‡ǤŠ–.

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artigo †‡ •‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ ‡ ƒ• •—ƒ• ‘˜ƒ• ƒ–”‹„—‹­Ù‡•Ǥ ••‹ǡ ϐ‹…‘— †‡…‹†‹†‘ “—‡ ‡••ƒ• ‹•–‹–—‹­Ù‡• ’”‘’‘”…‹‘ƒ”‹ƒƒ‘••–ƒ†‘•Ǧ‡„”‘•†ƒ—’”‘…‡••‘†‡–‘ƒ†ƒ†‡†‡…‹• ‘‡ϐ‹…ƒœ em caso de crise. ƒ ‘ˆ‡”²…‹ƒ †‡ ‡Ž•‹‹ ”‡•—Ž–‘— ‘ …Šƒƒ†‘ DzHeadline Goaldzǡ ’‡Ž‘ “—ƒŽ ‘•

•–ƒ†‘•Ǧ‡„”‘••‡…‘’”‘‡–‹ƒƒ…”‹ƒ”—…‘–‹‰‡–‡†‡͸Ͳ‹ŽŠ‘‡•‘„‹Ž‹œž˜‡Ž ‡ƒ–±͸Ͳ†‹ƒ•‡…‘…ƒ’ƒ…‹†ƒ†‡•—•–‡–ž˜‡Ž†‡ƒ–±—ƒ‘ƒϐ‹†‡‘’‡”ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ‹œƒ”ƒ• –ƒ”‡ˆƒ•†‡‡–‡”•„‡”‰Ǥ••‹ǡ…‘‘ƒ…Šƒ˜‡’ƒ”ƒ‘•—…‡••‘†ƒ …‡–”ƒǦ•‡‡…ƒ’ƒ…‹†ƒ†‡

ȋ‹Ž‹–ƒ”Ȍǡ”‡•–ƒ˜ƒǦ•‡‡˜‹†‡–‡ƒ‹–‡­ ‘†ƒǤ •†‡…‹•Ù‡•‡– ‘–‘ƒ†ƒ•‡‡Ž•‹‹ƒ”…ƒ”ƒ—ƒ—†ƒ­ƒ•‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒ–‹˜ƒƒ ‡˜‘Ž—­ ‘†‘”‡‰‹‡†‡•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ†ƒ—”‘’ƒǡ‡š’Ž‹…‹–ƒ†‘ƒ”‡ƒŽ‹–‡­ ‘‡—”‘’‡‹ƒ†‡•‡ –‘”ƒ”ƒ–‘”’”‹…‹’ƒŽȋ‡ ‘ƒ‹•ƒ’‡ƒ•—…‘ƒ†Œ—˜ƒ–‡Ȍ‘’ƒŽ…‘†ƒ•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ‡†‡ˆ‡•ƒ

‘•ƒ••—–‘•’‘”—‹–‘•…‘•‹†‡”ƒ†‘•…‘‘•‡†‘†‘•‡—Dz’”×’”‹‘“—‹–ƒŽdzǤ ‘ ‡ˆ‡‹–‘ǡ ‡ ‘˜‡„”‘ †‡ ʹͲͲͲǡ ‘• •–ƒ†‘•Ǧ‡„”‘• †ƒ  ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ”ƒ †ƒ primeira Capabilities Commitment Conferenceǡ ‘— ‘ˆ‡”²…‹ƒ †‡ ’‡Šƒ‡–‘ †‡

ƒ’ƒ…‹†ƒ†‡•ǡ‘†‡†‡…‹†‹”ƒ’‡Ž‘Dz…‘–”‹„—–‘˜‘Ž—–ž”‹‘’ƒ”ƒƒ”‡ƒŽ‹œƒ­ ‘†‘‘„Œ‡…–‹˜‘ …‘—‡—”‘’‡—’”‹‘”‹–ž”‹‘†ƒ…ƒ’ƒ…‹†ƒ†‡‹Ž‹–ƒ”dzȋ ‡””‡‹”ƒǦ‡”‡‹”ƒʹͲͲͷȌǤ‡••ƒŽ–‡Ǧ•‡ǡ ’‘”±ǡ“—‡ƒȂ“—‡’‘••—‹•‡—ˆ‘…‘‡‘’‡”ƒ­Ù‡•†‡‰‡•– ‘†‡…”‹•‡•…‹˜‹•‡‹Ž‹–ƒ”‡•ǡ ‹…Ž—‹†‘ƒ”‡•’‘•–ƒƒ…ƒ–ž•–”‘ˆ‡•ƒ–—”ƒ‹•ǡ“—‡•–Ù‡•Š—ƒ‹–ž”‹ƒ•ǡ†‡–”‡‘—–”‘•Ȃǡ±’ƒ”–‡ ‹–‡‰”ƒ–‡†ƒ‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒš–‡”ƒ‡†‡‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ‘—ȋȌǤ‡—•‘„Œ‡–‹˜‘•’”‹…‹’ƒ‹• • ‘ƒ•‘’‡”ƒ­Ù‡•†‡‰‡•– ‘†‡…”‹•‡•‡‘—–”ƒ•ƒ–‹˜‹†ƒ†‡•ǡ„‡…‘‘‘†‡•‡˜‘Ž˜‹‡–‘†‡ ‘˜‘•‹•–”—‡–‘•‡…‘…‡‹–‘•“—‡˜‹•ƒƒŽ…ƒ­ƒ”‘•‘„Œ‡–‹˜‘•†ƒǤ 2. No início, uma questão de capacidades

O desenvolvimento da componente de gestão civil de crises começou com as …‘…Ž—•Ù‡•†‘‘•‡ŽŠ‘—”‘’‡—†‡ʹͲͲͲǡ‡ƒ–ƒƒ”‹ƒ†ƒ ‡‹”ƒǡ‡…‘ƒ†‡ϐ‹‹­ ‘†‡ ƒ–‹˜‹†ƒ†‡• ‘• †‘À‹‘• †ƒ ’‘ŽÀ…‹ƒǡ Œ—•–‹­ƒǡ ƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ­ ‘ ’ï„Ž‹…ƒ ‡ ’”‘–‡­ ‘ …‹˜‹Žǡ …‘ base no 2008 Civilian Headline Goal5ǡ‘—„Œ‡–‹˜‘ Ž‘„ƒŽ‹˜‹ŽʹͲͲͺǡ†‡†‡œ‡„”‘†‡ʹͲͲͶǤ

ž‘†‡•‡˜‘Ž˜‹‡–‘†ƒ…‘’‘‡–‡‹Ž‹–ƒ”†ƒ‰‡•– ‘†‡…”‹•‡•…‘–‹—‘—‡ͳͻͻͻ com a aprovação do European Headline Goalǡ‘—„Œ‡–‹˜‘‘——”‘’‡—”‹‘”‹–ž”‹‘ǡ‡ ˆ‘‹ƒ–—ƒŽ‹œƒ†‘…‘‘…‘…‡‹–‘†‡battlegroup6†ƒȋƒ–±ƒ‘À˜‡Ž†‡„”‹‰ƒ†ƒȌǡ‡ʹͲͲͶǡ “—‡•‡–‘”‘—‘’‡”ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ‡ʹͲͲ͹ǡ…‘ƒ’‘••‹„‹Ž‹†ƒ†‡†‡‹’Žƒ–ƒ­ ‘‡ͷǦͳͲ†‹ƒ•†‡ ͵ͲǦͳʹͲ†‹ƒ•Ǥ ‘” ϐ‹ǡ ‘ †‡•‡˜‘Ž˜‹‡–‘ †ƒ• …ƒ’ƒ…‹†ƒ†‡• ‹–”‘†—œ‹— —ƒ ƒ„‘”†ƒ‰‡ ƒ‹• sistemática, com o reforço da cooperação com outros parceiros, bem como a criação

‹•’‘À˜‡Ž ʹͲͲͶΨʹͲ  .

‡

Š––’ǣȀȀ”‡‰‹•–‡”Ǥ…‘•‹Ž‹—Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ†‘…Ȁ•”˜ǫŽαƬˆαΨʹͲͳͷͺ͸͵ΨʹͲ

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5

De forma geral, battlegroups •‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒ ‘‡ˆ‡–‹˜‘…ƒ’œ†‡•‡””ƒ’‹†ƒ‡–‡‹’Žƒ–ƒ†‘‡†‡ƒ–—ƒ”†‡ˆ‘”ƒ ‹†‡’‡†‡–‡ǡ‘—…‘‘’ƒ”–‡†‡ˆƒ•‡•‹‹…‹ƒ‹•†‡‰”ƒ†‡•‘’‡”ƒ­Ù‡•ǡ…‘‘•‡‘–ƒ‡Š––’•ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ…‘•‹Ǧ Ž‹—Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ—‡†‘…•Ȁ…•̴†ƒ–ƒȀ†‘…•Ȁ’”‡••†ƒ–ƒȀ‡Ȁ‡•†’Ȁͻͳ͸ʹͶǤ’†ˆ. 6

artigo †‡ ‹•–‹–—‹­Ù‡• ’ƒ”ƒ ƒŒ—†ƒ” ‡••‡ †‡•‡˜‘Ž˜‹‡–‘Ǥ  ‰²…‹ƒ —”‘’‡‹ƒ †‡ ‡ˆ‡•ƒǡ ’‘” ‡š‡’Ž‘ǡé responsável por um desenvolvimento a longo prazo de políticas coerentes em defesa da indústria e dos mercados, pesquisa, desenvolvimento e de armamento. 3. A PESD em Campo …”‹•‡ƒ‡’ï„Ž‹…ƒ‡‘…”ž–‹…ƒ†‘‘‰‘ˆ‘‹‘’”‹‡‹”‘–‡•–‡’ƒ”ƒƒ‘’‡”ƒ­ ‘†‡

peacekeeping ȋ‘’‡”ƒ­Ù‡•†‡’ƒœȌ†ƒ•‡‘‡˜‘Ž˜‹‡–‘†ƒǤ  Œ—Š‘ †‡ ʹͲͲ͵ ƒ• ƒ­Ù‡• ‹†ƒ• ’‡†‹”ƒ “—‡ ƒ —”‘’ƒ ‹–‡”˜‹‡••‡Ǥ “—‡Žƒ seria a primeira missão militar europeia fora da Europa, liderada pelos franceses, todavia sob a bandeira da Europa.

•—…‡••‘†ƒ‹•• ‘†‘‘‰‘‘•–”‘—…‘‘ƒ’‘†‡†‡•‡’‡Šƒ”‘•‡—’ƒ’‡Ž •‡”‡•—Ž–ƒ”‡†—’Ž‹…ƒ­ ‘†‘•‡•ˆ‘”­‘•†ƒǤ’ƒ”–‹”†ƒÀǡ•—”‰‹——’Žƒ‘ƒ„‹…‹‘•‘ †‡…”‹ƒ”ͳ͵battlegroups†‡ƒ–±ͳͷͲͲ•‘Ž†ƒ†‘•“—‡’‘†‡”‹ƒ•‡”‡˜‹ƒ†‘•’ƒ”ƒ‡•–ƒ„‹Ž‹œƒ”

‘•’‘–‘•†‡…‘ϐŽ‹–‘‘—’”‘–‡‰‡”ƒ•‘’‡”ƒ­Ù‡•Š—ƒ‹–ž”‹ƒ•‡–‘†‘‘—†‘Ǥ ‡•†‡ “—‡ ˆ‘‹ Žƒ­ƒ†ƒǡ ƒ  …‘–ƒ …‘ — acquis †‡ ʹ͵ ‹••Ù‡•Ǥ ‡••ƒ• ʹ͵ǡ Žƒ­ƒ†ƒ•‡–”‡ʹͲͲʹȋו‹ƒ‡‡”œ‡‰‘˜‹ƒȌ‡ʹͲͲͻȋ ‘žŽ‹ƒǡ†‡•†‡ͺ †‡†‡œ‡„”‘†‡ʹͲͲͺȌǡ•‡‹•ˆ‘”ƒ‹’‘”–ƒ–‡•‘’‡”ƒ­Ù‡•‹Ž‹–ƒ”‡•ǡ•‡†‘ƒ’”‹‡‹”ƒ†‡Žƒ•ǡ ’‘”‡š‡’Ž‘ǡ‡ʹͲͲͶǡ†‡‘‹ƒ†ƒ’‡”ƒ­ ‘‘…×”†‹ƒǡƒ‡’ï„Ž‹…ƒ†ƒƒ…‡†Ø‹ƒǤ ••ƒ•‘’‡”ƒ­Ù‡•–²˜ƒ”‹ƒ†‘„ƒ•–ƒ–‡‡–‡”‘•†‡‡•…ƒŽƒǡ…‘–ƒ†‘…‘ƒŽ‰—ƒ• †‡œ‡ƒ•†‡‘„•‡”˜ƒ†‘”‡•ǡ’‘Ž‹…‹ƒ‹•‘—…‘•‡ŽŠ‡‹”‘•…‹˜‹•…Š‡‰ƒ†‘ƒ’‘••—‹ƒ–±‹ŽŠƒ”‡• de soldados. ’‡•ƒ”†‡–‡”‡•‹†‘“—ƒ•‡•‡’”‡‡–‡””ƒǡƒ‘’‡”ƒ­ ‘Dz–Žƒ–ƒdzǡƒ‘Žƒ”‰‘†ƒ…‘•–ƒ †ƒ‘žŽ‹ƒǡˆ‡œƒ’”‹‡‹”ƒ‘’‡”ƒ­ ‘ƒ˜ƒŽ†ƒǤ 4. A relação UE-OTAN

ƒ• ‘†‡ ƒ  •‡ ‡…ƒ‹šƒ ‡“—ƒ–‘ ƒ  ƒ”“—‹–‡–ƒ •—ƒ• ’”×’”‹ƒ• ‡•–”ƒ–±‰‹ƒ•

‹Ž‹–ƒ”‡•ǫƒ”‡ƒŽ‹†ƒ†‡ǡƒ’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ†‡†‡ˆ‡•ƒ†ƒ—”‘’ƒ‡•–žƒ•‡†‡•‡˜‘Ž˜‡”‡’ƒ”…‡”‹ƒ …‘ ƒ ’”×’”‹ƒ Ž‹ƒ­ƒ –ŽŸ–‹…ƒǡ ‡ —‹–ƒ• †ƒ• ‰”ƒ†‡• ‘’‡”ƒ­Ù‡• †ƒ ǡ –ƒŽ …‘‘ ƒ †ƒ

ו‹ƒǡƒ‹†ƒ…‘’ƒ”–‹ŽŠƒƒ•‡•–”—–—”ƒ•†ƒǡ…‘‘’‘”‡š‡’Ž‘ǡ…‘—‹…ƒ­Ù‡•‡ sistemas de satélite. eFHUWRTXHGXUDQWHRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGD3(6'XPJUDQGHGHVD¿RIRLRGHGHWHUPLQDU a relação e o nível de cooperação entre a UE-OTAN. Esta sempre foi uma tarefa difícil, porque DOJXQVUHFHDYDPTXHDFULDomRGD3(6'HQIUDTXHFHULDD27$1 ƒ†ƒƒ…‘’Ž‡š‹†ƒ†‡†‘ƒ„‹‡–‡†‡•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ…‘–‡’‘”Ÿ‡‘ǡ‘•–‘ƒ†‘”‡•†‡ †‡…‹• ‘’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ…‘•‹†‡”ƒ“—‡—ƒ”‡Žƒ­ ‘ƒ‹•Šƒ”‘‹‘•ƒ‡–”‡Ǧ±‡••‡…‹ƒŽ ’ƒ”ƒ‡ˆ‡–‹˜ƒ‡–‡‰ƒ”ƒ–‹”ƒ•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ‘’וǦ‰—‡””ƒˆ”‹ƒǤ ‡•–‡ •‡–‹†‘ǡ ƒ”ŽǦ‡‹œ ƒ’ ȋʹͲͲͻǡ –”ƒ†—­ ‘ ‘••ƒȌǡ †‹”‡–‘” †ƒ ‹˜‹• ‘ †‡ 74

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artigo ‡•“—‹•ƒ†‘NATO Defense Collegeǡƒϐ‹”ƒ“—‡ǣDz‡ǡ’‘”‡š‡’Ž‘ǡƒ‡ƒ ‘•‡ ‘”“—‡•–”ƒ”‡ ‘ ˆ‡‰ƒ‹•– ‘ǡ ’‡••‘ƒ• ‘””‡” ‘ ȏǥȐ ’‘”–ƒ–‘ ×•  ‘ –‡‘• –‡’‘ ƒ ’‡”†‡”…‘‡••ƒ…‘’‡–‹­ ‘“—‡ǡ’‘”—‹–‘•ǡ—‹–‘•ƒ‘•ǡ‹’‡†‹——ƒ…‘‘’‡”ƒ­ ‘ƒ‹• ‡ϐ‹…‹‡–‡‡–”‡‡••ƒ•‹•–‹–—‹­Ù‡•Ǥdz7 5. Tratado de Lisboa: um fôlego novo

‘”‡Žƒ­ ‘‡ǡ‘”ƒ–ƒ†‘†‡‹•„‘ƒȋȌͺ pode ser considerado como ‘”‡•—Ž–ƒ†‘†‡ƒ‘•†‡’”ž–‹…ƒ‹•–‹–—…‹‘ƒŽǡ”‡ϐŽ‡š ‘‡•–”ƒ–±‰‹…ƒ‡—…‘’”‘‹••‘‡–”‡

†‹ˆ‡”‡–‡•’‡”•’‡…–‹˜ƒ•ƒ…‹‘ƒ‹•ƒ…‡”…ƒ†ƒ’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ‡š–‡”ƒ‡†‡•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ†ƒǤ ‹–”‘†—œ‘˜‹†ƒ†‡…‘•‹†‡”ž˜‡ŽǤ‘”‡‹‘†‡ƒ˜ƒŽ‹ƒ­ ‘‰‡”ƒŽǡƒ”‡ˆ‘”ƒ˜‹•ƒ …”‹ƒ”…‘†‹­Ù‡•’ƒ”ƒƒ—‡–ƒ”‘‡ˆ‡–‹˜‘†‡†‡…‹• ‘’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒǡ•‡ƒˆ‡–ƒ”ƒ•”‡‰”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ‹• ’ƒ”ƒƒ–‘ƒ†ƒ†‡†‡…‹•Ù‡•‘†‘À‹‘†ƒ‡†ƒǤ Ž‡‘†‹ϐ‹…ƒ…‘’Ž‡–ƒ‡–‡‘…‘–‡š–‘‹•–‹–—…‹‘ƒŽ†ƒ‡‹–”‘†—œ‹‘˜ƒ­Ù‡• ƒ‹•‡•’‡…Àϐ‹…ƒ•”‡Žƒ–‹˜ƒ•‡•–ƒž”‡ƒ’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ…‘‘–ƒŽǤ•À–‡•‡ǡ‘‘˜‘”ƒ–ƒ†‘‡“—ƒ†”ƒ ’‡Žƒ’”‹‡‹”ƒ˜‡œ–‘†‘•‘•ƒ•’‡…–‘•†ƒƒ­ ‘‡š–‡”ƒ†ƒǡ†‡–”‘†‡—…‘Œ—–‘…‘—

†‡’”‹…À’‹‘•‡‘„Œ‡–‹˜‘•Ǥ ‘‡ˆ‡‹–‘ǡ‘ƒŽ–‡”ƒƒ†‡‘‹ƒ­ ‘†ƒ’ƒ”ƒ‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ‘—†‡‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ ‡ ‡ˆ‡•ƒ ȋȌǢ ‡š’ƒ†‡ ‘ ƒŽ…ƒ…‡ †ƒ• …Šƒƒ†ƒ• –ƒ”‡ˆƒ• †‡ ‡–‡”•„‡”‰ ’ƒ”ƒ ‹…Ž—‹” ‘’‡”ƒ­Ù‡•…‘Œ—–ƒ•†‡†‡•ƒ”ƒ‡–‘ǡƒ•‹••Ù‡•†‡ƒ••‹•–²…‹ƒǡ’”‡˜‡­ ‘‡‡•–ƒ„‹Ž‹œƒ­ ‘

’וǦ…‘ϐŽ‹–‘ǡ ƒŽ± †ƒ• –ƒ”‡ˆƒ• ’”‡˜‹•–ƒ• ‘ Ÿ„‹–‘ †‘ ƒ–—ƒŽ ”ƒ–ƒ†‘ǡ ‘‡ƒ†ƒ‡–‡ ƒ• Š—ƒ‹–ž”‹ƒ• ‡ †‡ •ƒŽ˜ƒ‡–‘ǡ ‹••Ù‡• †‡ ƒ—–‡­ ‘ †ƒ ’ƒœ ‡ ‹••Ù‡• †‡ ˆ‘”­ƒ• †‡ …‘„ƒ–‡’ƒ”ƒƒ‰‡•– ‘†‡…”‹•‡•ǡ‹…Ž—‹†‘‘’‡”ƒ­Ù‡•†‡’ƒœȋpeacekeeping). †‡ƒ‹•ǡ‘‘˜‘”ƒ–ƒ†‘–”ƒ†—œƒž”‡ƒ†ƒ•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ‡†ƒ†‡ˆ‡•ƒ‘ˆ‘”–‡…‘’”‘‹••‘ …‘ƒ•‘Ž‹†ƒ”‹‡†ƒ†‡†‘••–ƒ†‘•Ǧ‡„”‘•ǡ’‘”‡‹‘†ƒ…Žž—•—Žƒ†‡ƒ••‹•–²…‹ƒï–—ƒ‡ caso de agressão armada no território de um deles. ’‘”–ƒ–‡‘–ƒ”ǡ’‘”±ǡ“—‡ƒ ‘ƒ˜ƒ­‘—ǡ•—„•–ƒ…‹ƒŽ‡–‡ǡ†‡•†‡ƒ•—ƒ …‘…‡’­ ‘‘ǡ‡ʹͲͲͻǤ ͸ǤDz—†‘˜‹”–—ƒŽdz‡•‡—•Dz‘˜‘•dz†‡•ƒϐ‹‘•

 Dz—†‘ ˜‹”–—ƒŽdz –‘”‘—Ǧ•‡ǡ †‡ ˆƒ–‘ǡ ‘‹’”‡•‡–‡ ƒ ˜‹†ƒ †ƒ Žƒ”‰ƒ ƒ‹‘”‹ƒ †‘•

cidadãos, mas como toda moeda, ele também possui dois lados. • ƒ‡ƒ­ƒ• ƒ •–ƒ†‘• ‡ ‹†‹˜À†—‘•ǡ Š‘†‹‡”ƒ‡–‡ǡ ”‡•‹†‡ –ƒ–‘ ‘ Dz—†‘ ”‡ƒŽdz…‘‘Dz‘˜‹”–—ƒŽdzǡ•‡’ƒ”ƒ†ƒ‡–‡‘— ‘ǡ‡’‘••—‡‘”‹‰‡•†‹˜‡”•ƒ•ǡ†‡–”‡‡Žƒ• ˆǤ‡–”‡˜‹•–ƒ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡‹‰Ž²•Dz ˆǡˆ‘”‹•–ƒ…‡ǡƒ††‘ǯ–‰‡––Š‡‹”ƒ…–•–‘‰‡–Š‡”‹ˆ‰Šƒ‹•–ƒǡ ’‡‘’Ž‡™‹ŽŽ†‹‡ȋǤǤǤȌ•‘–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡™‡…ƒ‘–ƒˆˆ‘”†–Š‡•‡„‡ƒ—–›…‘–‡•–•ƒ›‘”‡ǡ™Š‹…Šˆ‘”ƒ›ǡƒ› ›‡ƒ”•ǡ’”‡˜‡–‡†ƒ‘”‡‡ˆϐ‹…‹‡–…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘„‡–™‡‡–Š‡•‡‹•–‹–—–‹‘•Ǥdzǡ†‹•’‘À˜‡Ž‡Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥƒ–‘Ǥ ‹–ȀȀ”‡˜‹‡™ȀʹͲͲͻȀ̴Šƒ‰‡ȀȀ‹†‡šǤŠ–ǡ‹—–ƒ‰‡ͲʹdzͲʹǯ†‡Ͳͷdz͵ͷǯǤ ͺ ••‹ƒ†‘‡ʹͲͲ͹ǡ…‘‡ϐ‹…ž…‹ƒƒ’ƒ”–‹”†‡ͳ†‡†‡œ‡„”‘†‡ʹͲͲͻǤ 7

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artigo ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘•ƒ•ǡ’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ•ǡ‡–…Ǥǡ‡—‹–ƒ•…‘ƒŽ…ƒ…‡–”ƒ•ƒ…‹‘ƒŽǤ‡••‡•‡–‹†‘ǡ‘••–ƒ†‘• †‡˜‡–‡”‡…‘–ƒ—ƒ‡•–”ƒ–±‰‹ƒ†‡†‡ˆ‡•ƒ…‹„‡”±–‹…ƒƒŽ‹Šƒ†ƒ•†‡ƒ‹•‡•–”ƒ–±‰‹ƒ• ‡š‹•–‡–‡•ǡ–”ƒ„ƒŽŠƒ†‘‡•‹‡”‰‹ƒ‡‡–‘—À••‘‘Ǥ “—ƒ–‘ ‘• ’”‹‡‹”‘• —•—ž”‹‘• †ƒ –‡”‡– ˆ‘”ƒ ’‡•“—‹•ƒ†‘”‡• ƒϐ‹Ž‹ƒ†‘• 

‰²…‹ƒ†‡”‘Œ‡–‘•†‡‡•“—‹•ƒ‡‡ˆ‡•ƒ’Ž‹…ƒ†ƒǡ†‘‹‰Ž²•Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) e ao Departamento de Defesa dos Estados Unidos da América, o uso do ciberespaço se alargou por todo o globo, transformando o conceito embrionário –

†‡’‡•“—‹•ƒ•Ȃ‡ƒ’‡ƒ•ƒ‹•—†‘•‘„Œ‡–‘•†‡•—ƒ—–‹Ž‹œƒ­ ‘Ǥ ‘•†‹ƒ•ƒ–—ƒ‹•ǡ ‘±”ƒ”‘‡…‘–”ƒ”ƒ­Ù‡•†‡‰”—’‘•–‡””‘”‹•–ƒ•†‡•˜‹ƒ†ƒ•’ƒ”ƒ‘ …‹„‡”‡•’ƒ­‘ǡ“—‡”ƒˆ‘”ƒ†‡ƒ‡ƒ­ƒ•ǡ“—‡”ƒˆ‘”ƒ†‡ƒ’‘‹‘••—ƒ•‘’‡”ƒ­Ù‡•ǡ…‘ˆ‘”‡ ƒ†˜‘‰ƒ „”ƒŠƒ Ǥ ƒ‰‡” ȋʹͲͲͷǡ ͳͺǡ –”ƒ†—­ ‘ ‘••ƒȌ DzŠž –ƒ„± —ƒ “—ƒ–‹†ƒ†‡ •—„•–ƒ…‹ƒŽ†‡‡˜‹†²…‹ƒ•“—‡–‡””‘”‹•–ƒ•‡•– ‘ǡ…ƒ†ƒ˜‡œƒ‹•ǡ—•ƒ†‘ƒ –‡”‡–’ƒ”ƒƒ Ž‘‰À•–‹…ƒ”‡Žƒ…‹‘ƒ†ƒ…‘ƒ••—ƒ•‘’‡”ƒ­Ù‡•Ǥdzͻǡƒˆ‘”ƒ†‡’—”ƒ’”‘’ƒ‰ƒ†ƒǡ—–‹Ž‹œƒ†‘Ǧ

•‡†ƒ•ˆ‡””ƒ‡–ƒ•†‡À†‹ƒ•‘…‹ƒŽǡ˜‹†‡ ‹‰—”ƒͳǤ ‡••‡ ‡•‘ •‡–‹†‘ǡ ‡––‡ ‹Ž•–”—’Ǧƒ‰‹‘˜ƒ‹ ȋʹͲͲͷǡ ͳͲǡ –”ƒ†—­ ‘ ‘••ƒȌ ƒϐ‹”ƒ “—‡ Dzƒ ‰Ž‘„ƒŽ‹œƒ­ ‘ †‘ …‘±”…‹‘ǡ …‘—‹…ƒ­ ‘ ‡ –”ƒ•’‘”–‡ ˆ‘”‡…‡— ‘˜‘•

‹…‡–‹˜‘•‡‘’‘”–—‹†ƒ†‡•’ƒ”ƒƒ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ­ ‘–”ƒ•ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ‡–”‡‘•…”‹‹‘•‘•‡‰”—’‘• –‡””‘”‹•–ƒ•Ǥdz10 ‡Ǧ•‡ǡ …‘‘ ‡š‡’Ž‘ ƒ‹• ’”‘‡‹‡–‡ †‡••‡• ‰”—’‘•ǡ ‘  ǡ ƒ…”ؐ‹‘ †‘ ‹‰Ž²•Islamic State of Iraq and Syriaǡ–ƒ„±…‘Š‡…‹†‘…‘‘  ǡIslamic State of Iraq and Levantǡ‡ƒ‡•Šǡ‡•–‡‹‘†‘ƒ…”ؐ‹‘‡ž”ƒ„‡ȋ•„‘”‡ʹͲͳͷȌǡ‡…—Œƒ‘”‹‰‡ ”‡‘–ƒƒʹͲͲʹǡ“—ƒ†‘‘Œ‘”†ƒ‹ƒ‘„——•ƒ„ƒŽǦƒ”“ƒ™‹…”‹‘—‘‰”—’‘”ƒ†‹…ƒŽƒ™Š‹†

™ƒŽǦ ‹Šƒ†ǡˆ‘”ƒ†‘’‘”‹•—”‰‡–‡•‡ƒ’‘‹ƒ†‘”‡•†‡ƒ††ƒ—••‡‹ǡ…‘‘…‘•‡“—²…‹ƒ †ƒ‹˜ƒ• ‘†‘ ”ƒ“—‡Ǥ ‡—‰”—’‘ˆ‘‹‹‹…‹ƒŽ‡–‡…‘Š‡…‹†‘…‘‘ ƒƒǯƒ–ƒŽǦƒ™Š‹†™ƒŽǦ ‹Šƒ†ǡƒ–‡•†‡ —†ƒ”’ƒ”ƒƒˆ‘”ƒƒ‹••‹’Ž‡•ƒŽǦƒ‡†ƒ‘ ”ƒ“—‡ȋ Ȍǡƒ’ו’”‘‡–‡”ϐ‹†‡Ž‹Ǧ dade à rede de Osama bin Laden em Outubro de 2004. Desde então, o grupo tem ‘’‡”ƒ†‘•‘„˜ž”‹‘•†‹•ˆƒ”…‡•ƒ–±‘•‡—ƒ–—ƒŽŽÀ†‡”ǡ„—ƒ”ƒŽǦƒ‰Š†ƒ†‹ǡ†‡…Žƒ”ƒ” ‘•–ƒ†‘ •ŽŸ‹…‘‘ ”ƒ“—‡ȋ  Ȍǡ‡ʹͲͲ͸ǡƒ…”‡•…‡–ƒ†‘‘‡DzƒŽǦŠƒdz’ƒ”ƒ …”‹ƒ”Dz •‹•dzǡ‡ʹͲͳ͵Ǥȋ•„‘”‡ʹͲͳͷǡ–”ƒ†—­ ‘‘••ƒȌ11

   –‡ ‰ƒŠƒ†‘ –‡””‹–×”‹‘ …‘ ƒ­Ù‡• †‡ ‰—‡””ƒ ‡ ˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ ‡š–”‡ƒǤ ‘”±ǡ •—ƒ•ƒ­Ù‡•• ‘ƒ‹•…‘‘”†‡ƒ†ƒ•‡‹–‡‰”ƒ†ƒ•†‘“—‡•‡’‘†‡”‹ƒ’‡•ƒ”Ǥ‡••‡•‡–‹†‘ǡ

ƒ‡•Ǥ ƒ”™‡ŽŽȋʹͲͳͶǡͶͻǡ–”ƒ†—­ ‘‘••ƒȌ12†‡•–ƒ…ƒǣ

ˆǤ–‡š–‘‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡‹‰Ž²•Dz–Š‡”‡‹•ƒŽ•‘ƒ•—„•–ƒ–‹ƒŽƒ‘—–‘ˆ‡˜‹†‡…‡–Šƒ––‡””‘”‹•–•ƒ”‡‹…”‡ƒ•‹‰Ž› —•‹‰–Š‡ –‡”‡–ˆ‘”Ž‘‰‹•–‹…•”‡Žƒ–‡†–‘–Š‡‹”‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘•dzǤ 10 ˆǤ–‡š–‘‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡‹‰Ž²•Dz–Š‡‰Ž‘„ƒŽ‹•ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–”ƒ†‡ǡ…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘ǡƒ†–”ƒ•’‘”–ƒ–‹‘Šƒ•’”‘˜‹†‡† ‡™‹…‡–‹˜‡•ƒ†‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡•ˆ‘”–”ƒ•ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‘”‰ƒ‹•ƒ–‹‘ƒ‘‰…”‹‹ƒŽ•ƒ†–‡””‘”‹•–‰”‘—’•dzǤ 11 ˆǤ–‡š–‘‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡‹‰Ž²•Dz‹•‰”‘—’™ƒ•‹‹–‹ƒŽŽ›‘™ƒ• ƒƒǯƒ–ƒŽǦƒ™Š‹†™ƒŽǦ ‹Šƒ†ǡ„‡ˆ‘”‡…Šƒ‰‹‰ –‘–Š‡•‹’Ž‡”ƒŽǦƒ‡†ƒ‹ ”ƒ“ȋ Ȍƒˆ–‡”’Ž‡†‰‹‰ƒŽŽ‡‰‹ƒ…‡–‘•ƒƒ„‹ƒ†‡ǯ•‡–™‘”‹…–‘„‡” ʹͲͲͶǤ‹…‡–Š‡ǡ–Š‡‰”‘—’Šƒ•‘’‡”ƒ–‡†—†‡”—‡”‘—•‰—‹•‡•—–‹Ž‹–•…—””‡–Ž‡ƒ†‡”ǡ„—ƒ”ƒŽǦƒ‰ŠǦ †ƒ†‹ǡ†‡…Žƒ”‡†‹––Š‡ •Žƒ‹…–ƒ–‡‹ ”ƒ“ȋ •‹Ȍ‹ʹͲͲ͸ǡƒ††‹‰–Š‡Dzƒ†ƒŽǦŠƒdz–‘ƒ‡Dz •‹•dz‹ʹͲͳ͵dzǤ 12 ˆǤ–‡š–‘‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡‹‰Ž²•Dz–Š‡‰”‘—’ǯ•’”‹…‹’ƒŽ–‘‘Žˆ‘”‡š’ƒ†‹‰‹–•‹ϐŽ—‡…‡Šƒ•„‡‡„”—–‡ˆ‘”…‡ǡ „—–ƒ•‹–Šƒ•ƒ––‡’–‡†–‘„—‹Ž†…”‡†‹„‹Ž‹–›ƒ†‡•–ƒ„Ž‹•ŠŽ‡‰‹–‹ƒ…›ǡ‹–Šƒ••Š‘™ƒ†‡ˆ–‡••ˆ‘”’”‘’ƒ‰ƒ†ƒǡ 9

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artigo ’”‹…‹’ƒŽˆ‡””ƒ‡–ƒ†‘‰”—’‘’ƒ”ƒ‡š’ƒ†‹”ƒ•—ƒ‹ϐŽ—²…‹ƒ–‡•‹†‘ƒˆ‘”­ƒ bruta, mas como ele tem tentado construir credibilidade e estabelecer legitimiǦ †ƒ†‡ǡ ‡Ž‡ –‡ ‘•–”ƒ†‘ —ƒ †‡•–”‡œƒ ’ƒ”ƒ ’”‘’ƒ‰ƒ†ƒǡ —•ƒ†‘ ƒ• À†‹ƒ• •‘Ǧ ciais e a tecnologia cibernética para recrutar combatentes e intimidar inimigos. ȋ ƒ”™‡ŽŽʹͲͳͶǡͶͻǡ–”ƒ†—­ ‘‘••ƒȌ

‹‰—”ƒͳǣžŽ‹•‡†ƒƒ–—ƒ­ ‘†‘  ‘…‹„‡”‡•’ƒ­‘Ǥ

‘–‡ǣŠ––’•ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥœ‡”‘ˆ‘šǤ…‘Ȁ„Ž‘‰Ȁ‹•Žƒ‹…Ǧ•–ƒ–‡Ǧ‹•‹•Ǧ–‡””‘”ǦŠƒ•Ǧ‰‘‡Ǧ•‘…‹ƒŽǦ‹ˆ‘‰”ƒ’Š‹…Ȁ .

ƒ–±”‹ƒ†‘‘”–ƒŽ‡”‘ˆ‘šǤ…‘ͳ͵ƒ’‘–ƒ’ƒ”ƒ‘ˆƒ–‘†‡‘•–ƒ†‘ •ŽŸ‹…‘ȋ  Ȍ –‡”…‘•–”—À†‘ǣ ƒˆ‡””ƒ‡–ƒ†‡’”‘’ƒ‰ƒ†ƒ‘ǦŽ‹‡•‘ϐ‹•–‹…ƒ†ƒ‡‡ϐ‹…ƒœǡ‡š’Ž‘”ƒ†‘—‹–ƒ• ”‡†‡•’‘’—Žƒ”‡•…‘‘ ƒ…‡„‘‘ǡ‘——„‡ǡ™‹––‡”ǡ‡Ž‡‰”ƒǡŠƒ–•’’ǡ‹ƒ•Ǧ ’‘”ƒ‡‹‡† Ǥ‡—•‡•ˆ‘”­‘••‡ƒ••‡‡ŽŠƒƒ—†‡’ƒ”–ƒ‡–‘†‡ƒ”‡–‹‰ bem estruturado, empregando especialistas em RP e design para garantir uma ƒ’ƒ”²…‹ƒŽ‡‰À–‹ƒǤ  –‡†‘‹ƒ†‘ƒƒ”–‡†‡ˆƒœ‡”ƒ•˜‘œ‡•†‡’‘—…‘••‘ƒ”‡ …‘‘ƒ•˜‘œ‡•†‡‹ŽŠÙ‡•Ǥȋ‡”‘ˆ‘šǤ…‘ʹͲͳͷȌ

 ‘ˆ‘”‡ƒϐ‹”ƒ‡˜‹ƒ‡›ȋʹͲͳͷǡ–”ƒ†—­ ‘‘••ƒȌǡƒ˜‡”†ƒ†‡±“—‡‘  •‡ ˜ƒŽ‡†ƒDz–‡…‘Ž‘‰‹ƒ’ƒ”ƒ‡˜‡‡ƒ”ƒ•‡–‡•†‡—­—Žƒ‘•†‡•…‘–‡–‡•‘…‹†‡–‡ ’ƒ”ƒ ”‡…”—–žǦŽ‘•dz14Ǥ ••‹ǡ ‘ ‰”—’‘ •‡ —–‹Ž‹œƒ †‡ ‡•–”ƒ–±‰‹ƒ• „ƒ•‡ƒ†ƒ• ‡ coordenação e comunicaçãoǢ…”‹ƒ†‘‡‡˜‘Ž˜‡†‘‡–—•‹ƒ•–ƒ•†ƒDz…ƒ—•ƒdz‡—˜‡”†ƒ†‡‹”‘‰”—’‘ —•‹‰•‘…‹ƒŽ‡†‹ƒƒ†…›„‡”–‡…Š‘Ž‘‰›–‘”‡…”—‹–ϐ‹‰Š–‡”•ƒ†‹–‹‹†ƒ–‡‡‡‹‡•dzǤ 13 ˆǤ–‡š–‘‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡‹‰Ž²•Dz•‘’Š‹•–‹…ƒ–‡†ƒ†‡ˆˆ‡…–‹˜‡‘Ž‹‡’”‘’ƒ‰ƒ†ƒ‡‰‹‡ǡ‡š’Ž‘‹–‹‰ƒ›ƒ‹Ǧ •–”‡ƒ‡–™‘”••—…Šƒ• ƒ…‡„‘‘ǡ‘——„‡ǡ™‹––‡”ǡ‡Ž‡‰”ƒǡŠƒ–•’’ǡ‹ƒ•’‘”ƒƒ†‹‡† ǤŠ‡‹” ‡ˆˆ‘”–•”‡•‡„Ž‡ƒ™‡ŽŽǦ‘‹Ž‡†ƒ”‡–‹‰†‡’ƒ”–‡–ǡ‡’Ž‘›‹‰‡š’‡”–•‹ƒ††‡•‹‰–‘‡•—”‡ƒŽ‡‰‹–‹Ǧ ƒ–‡ƒ’’‡ƒ”ƒ…‡Ǥ  Šƒ•ƒ•–‡”‡†–Š‡ƒ”–‘ˆƒ‹‰–Š‡˜‘‹…‡•‘ˆƒˆ‡™•‘—†Ž‹‡–Š‡˜‘‹…‡•‘ˆ‹ŽŽ‹‘•dzǡ †‹•’‘À˜‡Ž‡ǣŠ––’•ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥœ‡”‘ˆ‘šǤ…‘Ȁ„Ž‘‰Ȁ‹•Žƒ‹…Ǧ•–ƒ–‡Ǧ‹•‹•Ǧ–‡””‘”ǦŠƒ•Ǧ‰‘‡Ǧ•‘…‹ƒŽǦ‹ˆ‘‰”ƒ’Š‹…Ȁ. 14 ˆǤŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡™•™‡‡Ǥ…‘ȀʹͲͳ͸ȀͲͳȀͲͺȀ™ƒƒǦϐ‹‰Š–Ǧ‹•‹•Ǧ™‡ƒ’‘‹œ‡Ǧ›‘—”ǦŽƒ’–‘’ǦͶͲ͹ͳ͸ͺǤŠ–Ž. MALALA, São Paulo v. 4, n. 6, jul. 2016

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artigo †‡ ’”‘’ƒ‰ƒ†‘”‡• Dzsocial bot armiesdz †‡ •—ƒ• ‹†‡‹ƒ• ‡ ‹†‡ƒ‹•Ǣ ’”‘‘˜‡†‘ ƒ†‡“—ƒ­Ù‡• †ƒ• ’Žƒ–ƒˆ‘”ƒ•ǡ “—ƒ†‘ ƒ• ‡•ƒ• • ‘ „Ž‘“—‡ƒ†ƒ• Dznetwork hoppingdzǢ —•—”’ƒ†‘ hashtags15 e trends16 ‘…‹†‡–ƒ‹•ǡ†‹”‡…‹‘ƒ†‘•—ƒ’”‘’ƒ‰ƒ†ƒ’ƒ”ƒ’ï„Ž‹…‘•†‡‘—–”‘• continentes e culturas; para além de publicar ”‡˜‹•–ƒ•‡ϐ‹Ž‡• de forma a apoiar suas ƒ­Ù‡•†‡ƒ”‡–‹‰ȋ‡”‘ˆ‘šǤ…‘ʹͲͳͷȌǤ



ƒ‡•Ǥ‘•‡ƒ—ȋʹͲͲ͹ǡͻʹǡ–”ƒ†—­ ‘‘••ƒȌŽ‡„”ƒ“—‡Dzƒ•‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ­Ù‡•‡•– ‘ǡ …ƒ†ƒ˜‡œƒ‹•ǡ…ƒ’ƒœ‡•†‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ”‡‘„‹Ž‹œƒ”•‡—•ƒ†‡’–‘•ǡ„‡…‘‘”‡…”—–ƒ”‘—–”‘• ‘˜‘•Ǥdzͳ͹  ‘ ‡ˆ‡‹–‘ǡ ƒ˜‹‡” ‡•ƒ…ƒ ȋʹͲͳͷǡ –”ƒ†—­ ‘ ‘••ƒȌ †‡•–ƒ…ƒ ‡š‡’Ž‘ †ƒ ƒ–—ƒ­ ‘ †‘   ‘ …‹„‡”‡•’ƒ­‘ ‡ ƒϐ‹”ƒ •‡” ‹’‡”ƒ–‹˜‘ …‘’”‡‡†‡” Dz‘ ’ƒ’‡Ž †ƒ …‘—‹…ƒ­ ‘ ƒ—†‹‘˜‹•—ƒŽƒ”ƒ†‹…ƒŽ‹œƒ­ ‘†‡–‡””‘”‹•–ƒ•‡†‡ϐ‹‹­ ‘†‡—ƒˆ‘”ƒ‡ϐ‹…‹‡–‡†‡…‘„ƒ–²Ǧ Ž‘Ǥdzͳͺ ••‘ǡ…‘–—†‘ǡ ‘•‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒ“—‡ƒÀ†‹ƒ•‘…‹ƒŽ•‡Œƒ—‹…‡–‹˜‘ǡƒ•ǡ– ‘•‘‡–‡ǡ —‡‹‘“—‡†‡˜‡•‡”…‘’”‡‡†‹†‘†‡ˆ‘”ƒƒ‹•ƒŽƒ”‰ƒ†ƒǤ ͵ͳ†‡‘—–—„”‘ǡ…ƒ–‘”œ‡†‹ƒ•ƒ–‡•†‘•ƒ–ƒ“—‡•‡ƒ”‹•ǡ‘  †‹˜—Ž‰‘—— ˜À†‡‘‹…‡–‹˜ƒ†‘‘•Œ‘˜‡•ƒ ”ƒ­ƒƒ•‡Œ—–ƒ”‡ƒ‘‰”—’‘–‡””‘”‹•–ƒǤŽ‰‘ •‡‡ŽŠƒ–‡ƒ…‘–‡…‡—‘†‹ƒʹ͸†‡Œ—Š‘ǡ“—ƒ†‘—–‡””‘”‹•–ƒ‹•’‹”ƒ†‘’‡Ž‘  …‘‡–‡——ƒ–ƒ“—‡–‡””‘”‹•–ƒ‡›‘Ǥ²•ƒ–‡•ǡ‘  –‹Šƒ’—„Ž‹…ƒ†‘ —˜À†‡‘ƒ•À†‹ƒ••‘…‹ƒ‹•‹…‡–‹˜ƒ†‘‘•Œ‘˜‡•…‹†ƒ† ‘•ˆ”ƒ…‡•‡•ƒ…‘‡–‡Ǧ ”‡ƒ–ƒ“—‡•–‡””‘”‹•–ƒ•Ǥ ‹ƒŽ‡–‡ǡ—²•ƒ–‡•†‘ƒ–ƒ“—‡†‡͹†‡Œƒ‡‹”‘‘• ‡•…”‹–×”‹‘•†ƒŠƒ”Ž‹‡‡„†‘ǡ‘  †‹˜—Ž‰‘——˜À†‡‘‘†‡—‰”—’‘†‡Œ‘˜‡• cidadãos franceses pediam a seus pares para se alistarem ao grupo terrorista. ‹ƒ–‡†‡••‡•ˆƒ–‘•ǡ±ƒ‹•‹’‘”–ƒ–‡†‘“—‡—…ƒƒƒŽ‹•ƒ”‡…‘’”‡‡†‡”‘ ’ƒ’‡Ž†ƒ…‘—‹…ƒ­ ‘ƒ—†‹‘˜‹•—ƒŽƒ”ƒ†‹…ƒŽ‹œƒ­ ‘†‡–‡””‘”‹•–ƒ•‡†‡ϐ‹‹”—ƒ ˆ‘”ƒ‡ϐ‹…‹‡–‡†‡…‘„ƒ–²ǦŽ‘Ǥȋ‡•ƒ…ƒʹͲͳͷǡ–”ƒ†—­ ‘‘••ƒȌͳͻ

 ‡••‡ …‘–‡š–‘ǡ ƒ …‘—‹†ƒ†‡ ‹–‡”ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ •‡ ˜² †‹ƒ–‡ †‘ •—”‰‹‡–‘ †‡ ȋ”‡Ȍƒ­Ù‡• †‡ ‰”—’‘• “—‡ǡ ‡„‘”ƒ …‘Š‡…‹†‘• ‹‰—ƒŽ‡–‡ ’‡Žƒ ‹•–”—‡–ƒŽ‹œƒ­ ‘ †‡

procedimentos ilegais (hackingȌȂ’‘”± ‘–‡””‘”‹•–ƒ•Ȃǡ‡‰ƒŒƒǦ•‡‡…‘–”ƒ’‘•‹­ ‘ •ƒ­Ù‡•–‡””‘”‹•–ƒ•†‡‰”—’‘•…‘‘‘  Ǥ‡„‘”ƒ‡••ƒƒ••‡”–‹˜ƒ•‘‡†‡ˆ‘”ƒ‡•–”ƒŠƒǡ 15

Hashtag±—ƒ‡š’”‡•• ‘—–‹Ž‹œƒ†ƒ‡–”‡‘•—•—ž”‹‘•†ƒ•”‡†‡••‘…‹ƒ‹•ǡƒ‹–‡”‡–ǡ“—‡…‘•‹•–‡‘—•‘ †‡—ƒ’ƒŽƒ˜”ƒǦ…Šƒ˜‡ƒ–‡…‡†‹†ƒ’‡Ž‘•À„‘Ž‘͓ǡ…‘Š‡…‹†‘’‘’—Žƒ”‡–‡‘”ƒ•‹Ž’‘”DzŒ‘‰‘†ƒ˜‡ŽŠƒdz‘— Dz“—ƒ†”ƒ†‘dzǡ’ƒ”ƒ‹…Ž—‹”ƒ”‡•’‡…–‹˜ƒ’—„Ž‹…ƒ­ ‘‡—‡•’ƒ­‘…‘—†‡’—„Ž‹…ƒ­Ù‡•ƒžŽ‘‰ƒ•Ǥ 16 š’”‡•• ‘‡‹‰Ž²•“—‡ǡ†‡ˆ‘”ƒ‰‡”ƒŽǡ•‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒDzƒ•••—–‘•†‘‘‡–‘dz‘—Dzƒ••—–‘•ƒ‹•…‘‡–ƒǦ †‘•dzǤ ͳ͹ˆǤ–‡š–‘‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡‹‰Ž²•Dz‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘•ƒ”‡‹…”‡ƒ•‹‰Ž›ƒ„Ž‡–‘‹ˆ‘”ƒ†‘„‹Ž‹œ‡–Š‡‹”ƒ†Š‡”‡–• ƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•”‡…”—‹–‡™ƒ†Š‡”‡–•Ǥdz ͳͺ ˆǤ –‡š–‘ ‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ ‡ ‹‰Ž²•  Dzthe role of audiovisual communication in the radicalization of terrorists ƒ† –‘ †‡ϔ‹‡ ƒ ‡ˆϔ‹…‹‡– ™ƒ› –‘ …‘—–‡” ‹–dzǡ †‹•’‘À˜‡Ž ‡ǣ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ„”‘‘‹‰•Ǥ‡†—Ȁ„Ž‘‰•Ȁ–‡…Š–ƒȀ ’‘•–•ȀʹͲͳͷȀͳͳȀͳͻǦ‹•‹•Ǧ•‘…‹ƒŽǦ‡†‹ƒǦ’‘™‡”ǦŽ‡•ƒ…ƒ. ͳͻˆǤ–‡š–‘‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡‹‰Ž²•Dz…–‘„‡”͵ͳǡˆ‘—”–‡‡†ƒ›•„‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡ƒ––ƒ…•‹ƒ”‹•ǡ  ”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡†ƒ˜‹†‡‘ ‡…‘—”ƒ‰‹‰›‘—‰’‡‘’Ž‡‹ ”ƒ…‡–‘Œ‘‹–Š‡–‡””‘”‹•–‰”‘—’Ǥ‘‡–Š‹‰•‹‹Žƒ”Šƒ’’‡‡†‘ —‡ʹ͸ǡ ™Š‡ƒ–‡””‘”‹•–‹•’‹”‡†„›  …‘‹––‡†ƒ–‡””‘”‹•–ƒ––ƒ…‹›‘Ǥ‡‘–Š‡ƒ”Ž‹‡”ǡ  Šƒ†”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡† ƒ˜‹†‡‘‘•‘…‹ƒŽ‡†‹ƒ‡…‘—”ƒ‰‹‰›‘—‰ ”‡…Š…‹–‹œ‡•–‘…‘‹––‡””‘”‹•–ƒ––ƒ…•Ǥ ‹ƒŽŽ›ǡ‘‡‘–Š „‡ˆ‘”‡–Š‡ ƒ—ƒ”›͹ƒ––ƒ…‘–Š‡‘ˆϐ‹…‡•‘ˆŠƒ”Ž‹‡‡„†‘ǡ  ”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡†ƒ˜‹†‡‘™Š‡”‡ƒ‰”‘—’‘ˆ›‘—‰ ”‡…Š…‹–‹œ‡•ƒ•‡†–Š‡‹”’‡‡”•–‘‡Ž‹•–‹–Š‡”ƒ•‘ˆ–‡””‘”‹•–‰”‘—’Ǥ ‹˜‡–Š‡•‡ˆƒ…–•ǡ‹–‹•‘”‡‹Ǧ ’‘”–ƒ––Šƒ‡˜‡”–‘ƒƒŽ›œ‡ƒ†—†‡”•–ƒ†–Š‡”‘Ž‡‘ˆƒ—†‹‘˜‹•—ƒŽ…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘‹–Š‡”ƒ†‹…ƒŽ‹œƒ–‹‘‘ˆ –‡””‘”‹•–•ƒ†–‘†‡ϐ‹‡ƒ‡ˆϐ‹…‹‡–™ƒ›–‘…‘—–‡”‹–dzǤ

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artigo ƒ•‹–‡­Ù‡•†‡••‡•Dz‘˜‘•dz‰”—’‘•• ‘ǡ‡••‡…‹ƒŽ‡–‡ǡ„‘ƒ•ǡ‘•‡–‹†‘†‡“—‡’ƒ••ƒ ƒ‡š‡”…‡”—‘‹–‘”ƒ‡–‘…‘–”ƒƒ•ƒ­Ù‡•–‡””‘”‹•–ƒ•‡‡†‡ˆ‡•ƒ†‘„‡…‘—ǡ‡ …‘’Ž‡‡–‘•ƒ­Ù‡•’‘ŽÀ–‹…‘Ǧ‹•–‹–—…‹‘ƒ‹•†‡ ‘˜‡”‘•Ǥ Anonymous, um grupo de hackers …‘Š‡…‹†‘—†‹ƒŽ‡–‡ǡϐ‹‰—”ƒ…‘‘‡š‡’Ž‘

†‡••‡ Dz‘˜‘ ‰”—’‘dz “—‡ ’ƒ••ƒ ƒ •‘ƒ” ‡•ˆ‘”­‘• ƒ ‰—‡””ƒ …‘–”ƒ ‘ –‡””‘”Ǥ  ƒ–±”‹ƒ ’—„Ž‹…ƒ†ƒ ‘ Œ‘”ƒŽ ‹””‘”ǡ ‘Š Šƒƒ• ‡š’Ž‹…‹–ƒ “—‡ ‘• ‡„”‘• †‘ Anonymous ƒ—…‹ƒ”ƒ‰—‡””ƒ…‘–”ƒ‘  Ǥ‡”‹…‘•–—––‡”ȋʹͲͳͷǡapud Shammas, 2015, tradução

nossa), hacker ‡‡„”‘†‘‰”—’‘ƒ••‹ƒϐ‹”‘—Dz‘ˆƒ–‘±ǡ‘  ’‘†‡”‡…”—–ƒ”’‡••‘ƒ• ‡“—ƒŽ“—‡”Ž—‰ƒ”ǡ‡ƒ‘”‘’‡”‡••ƒ•…‘—‹…ƒ­Ù‡•ǡ×•–‘”ƒ‘•‹••‘—’‘—…‘ƒ‹• †‹ϐÀ…‹Ž†‡ƒ…‘–‡…‡”Ǥdz20Ǥ’ƒ”–‹”†‡ƒ­Ù‡•‘…‹„‡”‡•’ƒ­‘ǡƒ•‹˜‡•–‹†ƒ•†‘Anonymous contra

‘  ϐ‹…ƒ”ƒ…‘Š‡…‹†ƒ•…‘‘hack attack.

‹‰—”ƒʹǣAnonymous ƒ—…‹ƒDz‰—‡””ƒdz†‹‰‹–ƒŽ…‘–”ƒ‘  Ǥ ‘–‡ǣŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‹””‘”Ǥ…‘Ǥ—Ȁ‡™•Ȁ™‘”Ž†Ǧ‡™•Ȁƒ‘›‘—•Ǧ˜•Ǧ‹•‹•ǦŠƒ…‡”Ǧ”‡˜‡ƒŽ•Ǧ͸ͻ͵ͳ͵͵ͳ.

‡••‡ •‡–‹†‘ǡ ’‡”…‡„‡Ǧ•‡ — …‘–”ƒ’‘–‘ ‡–”‡ …‡”–ƒ• ’‡”•’‡…–‹˜ƒ• †ƒ• –‡‘”‹ƒ• †‡•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒǡ‘—•‡Œƒǡ…‘‘•–ƒ†‘•Ȃ’‘†‡•‡”•‘„‡”ƒ‘•Ȃˆ”‡–‡ƒ–—ƒ­ ‘†‡‰”—’‘• –‡””‘”‹•–ƒ•ǡ …‘‘ ‘  ǡ ‡ — …‘–‡š–‘ ‘†‡ Šžǡ –ƒ„±ǡ ƒ ’ƒ”–‹…‹’ƒ­ ‘ †‡ ‰”—’‘•

internacionais de hackers “—‡„—•…ƒ‹–‡”˜‹”‡••‡’”‘…‡••‘ǡ…‘‘‘Anonymousǫ••‡ …‡ž”‹‘…‘””‘„‘”ƒƒ‹†‡‹ƒ†‡“—‡ˆƒ–‘”‡•‘—–”‘•• ‘‡…‡••ž”‹‘•ƒ’”×’”‹ƒ”‡ƒŽ‹œƒ­ ‘†ƒ• ’”‘’‘•‹­Ù‡•–‡×”‹…ƒ•†‘…ƒ’‘†ƒ•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ‹–‡”ƒ…‹‘ƒŽǤ ••‹ǡ‘…‘–‡š–‘†ƒ•–”ƒ–±‰‹ƒ†ƒEuropa 2020, a Agenda Digital forma um dos •‡–‡’‹Žƒ”‡•‡š‹•–‡–‡•ǡ…‘˜‹•–ƒ•ƒ‘…”‡•…‹‡–‘†ƒ—”‘’ƒ‡ǡ†‡–”‡‡Ž‡•ǡ‘‘„Œ‡–‹˜‘‡ †ƒ”—ƒ”‡•’‘•–ƒ‡—”‘’‡‹ƒ…‘‘”†‡ƒ†ƒƒ…‹„‡”ƒ–ƒ“—‡•Ǥ Ž‹ž•ǡ‡••‡‘˜‹‡–‘’‘••—‹ˆ‘”–‡…‘•‘Ÿ…‹ƒ…‘ƒ•†‹•…—••Ù‡•‰‡”ƒ†ƒ•‘’ós-

Guerra FriaȂ“—‡„—•…ƒ”ƒ—ƒŽƒ”‰ƒ‡–‘†ƒ˜‹• ‘–”ƒ†‹…‹‘ƒŽ‹•–ƒƒ…‡”…ƒ†‘•‡•–—†‘• ˆǤ–‡š–‘‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡‹‰Ž²•Dzthe fact is, ISIS can recruit people anywhere, and by disrupting their communications, we make that a little bit harderdzǡ†‹•’‘À˜‡Ž‡Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‹””‘”Ǥ…‘Ǥ—Ȁ‡™•Ȁ™‘”Ž†Ǧ‡™•Ȁƒ‘Ǧ ›‘—•Ǧ˜•Ǧ‹•‹•ǦŠƒ…‡”Ǧ”‡˜‡ƒŽ•Ǧ͸ͻ͵ͳ͵͵ͳ. 20

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artigo †‡•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒȂǡ‘—•‡Œƒǡ‘…‡ž”‹‘‘“—ƒŽƒ””›—œƒǡŽ‡ƒ‡˜‡”‡ ƒƒ’†‡‹Ž†‡ȋͳͻͻͺǡ ͳǡ –”ƒ†—­ ‘ ‘••ƒȌ †‡•…”‡˜‡ …‘‘ ‡š‹•–‹†‘ DzȏǤǤǤȐ †‘‹• ’‘–‘• †‡ ˜‹•–ƒ †‘• ‡•–—†‘• †‡ segurança estão agora sobre a mesa, o novo, dos alargadores, e o velho, militar e centrado ‘•–ƒ†‘ǡ†‘•–”ƒ†‹…‹‘ƒŽ‹•–ƒ•Ǥdz21 †‹…‹‘ƒŽ‡–‡ǡƒ• Ǥ”ƒ—…ŠȋʹͲͳͳǡ͸͵ǡ–”ƒ†—­ ‘‘••ƒȌ22ƒϐ‹”ƒǣ

…‘…‡‹–‘†‡ƒ‡ƒ­ƒ…‘‘„ƒ•‡’ƒ”ƒ‘’Žƒ‡Œƒ‡–‘‹Ž‹–ƒ”‡’ƒ”ƒŽ‡‰‹–‹ƒǦ ­ ‘†‡’”‘‰”ƒƒ•‹Ž‹–ƒ”‡•Ȃƒ‘‡‘•‡–”‡‘•’ƒÀ•‡•†ƒȂ—†‘——‹Ǧ –‘†‡’‘‹•†‡ͳͻͻͲǤ‘‘ƒŽƒ”‰ƒ‡–‘†‘…‘…‡‹–‘†‡•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ†ƒ–”ƒ†‹…‹‘ƒŽ •‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ‹Ž‹–ƒ”‡†‹’Ž‘ž–‹…ƒ’ƒ”ƒ•—ƒ•‘˜ƒ•†‹‡•Ù‡•‡…‘Ø‹…ƒ•ǡ•‘…‹ƒ‹• ‡ƒ„‹‡–ƒ‹•ǡ‘…‘…‡‹–‘†‡ƒ‡ƒ­ƒ–ƒ„±•‡‡š’ƒ†‹—’ƒ”ƒ•‡ƒ’Ž‹…ƒ”ƒ—ƒ série de novas ameaças, não só ao ‘•–ƒ†‘ǯǡ…‘‘–ƒ„±à‘—–”ƒ•”‡ˆ‡”²…‹ƒ• dos novos conceitos de segurança, de seres humanos até segurança global.

ˆ‡˜‡”‡‹”‘†‡ʹͲͲ͵ǡ’‘”–ƒ–‘ǡ‡…‘Žƒ„‘”ƒ­ ‘…‘ƒŽ–ƒ‡’”‡•‡–ƒ–‡†ƒ ’ƒ”ƒ‘•‡‰×…‹‘••–”ƒ‰‡‹”‘•‡ƒ‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ†‡‡‰—”ƒ­ƒǡƒ‘‹•• ‘—”‘’‡‹ƒȋȌ–‘”‘—

’ï„Ž‹…ƒ —ƒ ‡•–”ƒ–±‰‹ƒ ‡ ƒ–±”‹ƒ †‡ …‹„‡”•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒǡ ’ƒ”ƒ ƒŽ± †‡ —ƒ ’”‘’‘•–ƒ †‡ †‹”‡–‹˜ƒ†ƒ•‘„”‡ƒ•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ†ƒ•”‡†‡•‡†ƒ‹ˆ‘”ƒ­ ‘Ǥ De forma coordenada, portanto, a UE busca, por meio da estratégia em matéria †‡ …‹„‡”•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ DzAn Open, Safe and Secure Cyberspace”23ǡ –”ƒ†—œ‹” ‡ ’‘” ‡ ’”ž–‹…ƒ ‡••ƒ •‹‡”‰‹ƒ ‡ –‘ —À••‘‘ ‡…‡••ž”‹‘• ‘ ‡ˆ”‡–ƒ‡–‘ à• ƒ‡ƒ­ƒ• ‡ ƒ‘• ƒ–ƒ“—‡•ǡ

‹’‘†‘Dz—À˜‡Ž†‡•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒÀ‹‘’ƒ”ƒƒ•–‡…‘Ž‘‰‹ƒ•ǡ”‡†‡•‡•‡”˜‹­‘•†‹‰‹–ƒ‹•‡ –‘†‘• ‘• •–ƒ†‘•Ǧ‡„”‘•dzǡ ȋ‘‹•• ‘ —”‘’‡‹ƒ ʹͲͳ͵ƒǡ –”ƒ†—­ ‘ ‘••ƒȌ ’ƒ”ƒ ƒŽ± †ƒ Dz‘„”‹‰ƒ–‘”‹‡†ƒ†‡†‡…‘—‹…ƒ”ƒ‘…‘””²…‹ƒ†‡…‹„‡”‹…‹†‡–‡••‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒ–‹˜‘•dz24ǡ“—ƒ†‘ ‘…‘””‡”‡‡…‡”–ƒ•‡’”‡•ƒ•‡‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ­Ù‡•Ǥ

ƒ’”ž–‹…ƒǡ‡••ƒ‘˜ƒ’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ†‡ϐ‹‡‡†‹†ƒ•’ƒ”ƒƒ—‡–ƒ”ƒ”‡•‹Ž‹²…‹ƒ•‹•–²‹…ƒ ȋ‹ˆ‘”ž–‹…ƒȌǡ ”‡ˆ‘”­ƒ†‘ ƒ ’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ ‹–‡”ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ †ƒ  ‡ …ƒ”ž–‡” †‡ …‹„‡”•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒǡ „ƒ•‡ƒ†ƒ‡…‹…‘’‹Žƒ”‡•ǣȋ‹Ȍ†‡•‡˜‘Ž˜‹‡–‘†ƒ’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ‡†ƒ•…ƒ’ƒ…‹†ƒ†‡•‘†‘À‹‘†ƒ …‹„‡”†‡ˆ‡•ƒ‘“—ƒ†”‘†ƒ‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ‘—†‡‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ‡‡ˆ‡•ƒȋȌǢȋ‹‹Ȍ”‡ˆ‘”­‘†‘• ‡‹‘•†‡’”‡˜‡­ ‘‡‘’‘•‹­ ‘ƒƒ–ƒ“—‡•Ǣȋ‹‹‹Ȍ†‡•‡˜‘Ž˜‹‡–‘†‡”‡…—”•‘•‹†—•–”‹ƒ‹•‡ tecnológicos em matéria de cibersegurança; (iv) redução drástica da cibercriminalidade e ȋ˜Ȍ‡•–ƒ„‡Ž‡…‹‡–‘†‡—ƒ’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ‹–‡”ƒ…‹‘ƒŽŠƒ”Ø‹…ƒ‘…‹„‡”‡•’ƒ­‘’ƒ”ƒƒ‡ promoção dos seus valores fundamentais.   –ƒ„± …”‹‘—ǡ ‡ ʹͲͳ͵ǡ ‘ ‡–”‘ —”‘’‡— †‡ ‹„‡”…”‹‹ƒŽ‹†ƒ†‡ ȋȌǡ

…‘‘‘„Œ‡–‹˜‘†‡Dz‰ƒ”ƒ–‹”—ƒ‡ŽŠ‘”’”‘–‡­ ‘†‘•…‹†ƒ† ‘•‡†ƒ•‡’”‡•ƒ•‡—”‘’‡‹ƒ•

ˆǤ–‡š–‘‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡‹‰Ž²•Dzƒ•ƒ…‘•‡“—‡…‡ǡ–™‘˜‹‡™•‘ˆ•‡…—”‹–›•–—†‹‡•ƒ”‡‘™‘–Š‡–ƒ„Ž‡ǡ–Š‡‡™ ‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡™‹†‡‡”•ƒ†–Š‡‘Ž†‹Ž‹–ƒ”›ƒƒ†•–ƒ–‡Ǧ…‡–‡”‡†˜‹‡™‘ˆ–Š‡–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ‹•–•dzǤ 22 ˆǤ–‡š–‘‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡‹‰Ž²•Dz–Š‡–Š”‡ƒ–…‘…‡’–ƒ•–Š‡„ƒ•‹•ˆ‘”‹Ž‹–ƒ”›’Žƒ‹‰ƒ†Ž‡‰‹–‹ƒ–‹‰‹Ž‹–ƒ”› ’”‘‰”ƒ‡• Ȃ ƒ– Ž‡ƒ•– ƒ‘‰ ƒ›  …‘—–”‹‡• Ȃ Šƒ• ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽŽ› …Šƒ‰‡† ƒˆ–‡” ͳͻͻͲǤ ‹–Š –Š‡ ™‹†‡‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡•‡…—”‹–›…‘…‡’–ˆ”‘–Š‡–”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽ‹Ž‹–ƒ”›ƒ††‹’Ž‘ƒ–‹…•‡…—”‹–›ǡ–‘–Š‡‡™‡…‘‘‹…ǡ •‘…‹‡–ƒŽƒ†‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ†‹‡•‹‘•ǡ–Š‡–Š”‡ƒ–…‘…‡’–Šƒ•ƒŽ•‘™‹†‡‡†ƒ†„‡‡ƒ’’Ž‹‡†–‘ƒ•‡”‹‡• ‘ˆ‡™–Š”‡ƒ–•‘–‘Ž›–‘–Š‡Ǯ•–ƒ–‡ǯ„—–ƒŽ•‘–‘–Š‡‘–Š‡””‡ˆ‡”‡–•‘ˆ‡™•‡…—”‹–›…‘…‡’–•ǡˆ”‘Š—ƒ „‡‹‰•–‘‰Ž‘„ƒŽ•‡…—”‹–›dzǤ ʹ͵ ˆǤŠ––’ǣȀȀ‡…Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ‡™•”‘‘Ȁ†ƒ‡Ȁ†‘…—‡–Ǥ…ˆǫ†‘…̴‹†αͳ͸͸͹. 24 ˆǤŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ…‘•‹Ž‹—Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ’–Ȁ’‘Ž‹…‹‡•Ȁ…›„‡”Ǧ•‡…—”‹–›Ȁ. 21

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artigo …‘–”ƒƒ…”‹‹ƒŽ‹†ƒ†‡‹ˆ‘”ž–‹…ƒǤdz25 ”‘‡Ž• ‡”–‹‰ ȋʹͲͳ͵ǡ apud ‘‹•• ‘ —”‘’‡‹ƒ ʹͲͳ͵„Ȍǡ ‡– ‘ …Š‡ˆ‡ †‘ ǡ †‡•–ƒ…‘—ǣ ‘Ÿ„‹–‘†ƒŽ—–ƒ…‘–”ƒƒ…‹„‡”…”‹‹ƒŽ‹†ƒ†‡ǡ–‡†‘‡…‘–ƒƒ•—ƒƒ–—”‡œƒ transnacional e a grande habilidade dos criminosos para se esconderem, temos †‡”‡ƒ‰‹”†‡ˆ‘”ƒϐŽ‡šÀ˜‡Ž‡ƒ†‡“—ƒ†ƒǤ‡–”‘—”‘’‡—†ƒ‹„‡”…”‹‹ƒŽ‹†ƒ†‡ ˆ‘‹…‘…‡„‹†‘’ƒ”ƒˆ‘”‡…‡”‡••ƒ‡•’‡…‹ƒŽ‹œƒ­ ‘‡“—ƒ–‘…‡–”‘ƒ‰”‡‰ƒ†‘”†‡ conhecimentos, nomeadamente para apoio operacional e de peritagem forense ‘“—ƒ†”‘†‡‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ­Ù‡•ǡ„‡…‘‘ƒ–”ƒ˜±•†ƒ•—ƒ…ƒ’ƒ…‹†ƒ†‡’ƒ”ƒ‘„‹Ž‹œƒ” –‘†‘•‘•”‡…—”•‘•”‡Ž‡˜ƒ–‡•‘••–ƒ†‘•‡„”‘•˜‹•ƒ†‘‹–‹‰ƒ”‡”‡†—œ‹”ƒ ameaça dos criminosos informáticos, independentemente do local onde se enǦ …‘–”‡Ǥȋ‡”–‹‰ʹͲͳ͵ǡapud ‘‹•• ‘—”‘’‡‹ƒʹͲͳ͵„Ȍ

’‘”–ƒ–‡‘–ƒ”“—‡‘…‹„‡”‡•’ƒ­‘±—–‡””‡‘˜ƒ•–‘’ƒ”ƒƒƒ–—ƒ­ ‘†‡‰”—’‘•

–‡””‘”‹•–ƒ•‡ǡ’‘”‡••ƒ”ƒœ ‘ǡ†‡˜‡•‡”’”‘–‡‰‹†‘…‘‘ˆƒœ‡†‘’ƒ”–‡†ƒ•’”×’”‹ƒ•ˆ”‘–‡‹”ƒ• †‘••–ƒ†‘•ǡ†‡–”‘†‡—…‘…‡‹–‘†‡‰‘˜‡”ƒ­ƒ†ƒ –‡”‡–Ǥ ‡••‡•‡–‹†‘ǡ–²•‹†‘…‘•–ƒ–‡•‘•‡•ˆ‘”­‘•‡—”‘’‡—•‡„—•…ƒ†‡—“—ƒ†”‘

†‡ ’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ• †‡ •‡‰—”ƒ­ƒǡ “—‡ ‹…Ž—‡ ƒ­Ù‡• †‡ …‘‘’‡”ƒ­ ‘ …‘ ‘—–”ƒ• ‹•–‹–—‹­Ù‡•ǡ …‘‘ƒǤˆ‡˜‡”‡‹”‘†‡•–‡ƒ‘ǡƒ‡ƒƒ••‹ƒ”ƒ—Dzƒ…‘”†‘ técnico entre a ƒ’ƒ…‹†ƒ†‡ †‡ ‡•’‘•–ƒ ƒ …‹†‡–‡• ˆ‘”ž–‹…‘• †ƒ  ȋ Ȍ ‡ †ƒ “—‹’‡ †‡ ‡•’‘•–ƒ ƒ ‡”‰²…‹ƒ• ˆ‘”ž–‹…ƒ• †ƒ ‹ ‘ —”‘’‡‹ƒ ȋ ǦȌǤdz26 (Europa 2016, tradução nossa).  ˆƒœ’ƒ”–‡†‘‘˜‘‘…‡‹–‘•–”ƒ–±‰‹…‘†ƒʹ͹ǡƒ’”‘˜ƒ†‘ƒ‘ˆ‡”²…‹ƒ

†‡‹•„‘ƒǡ‡–”‡ͳͻ‡ʹͲ†‡‘˜‡„”‘†‡ʹͲͳͲǤ

†‘…—‡–‘†‡•…”‡˜‡‘ƒ„‹‡–‡†‡•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒƒ–—ƒŽ‡‹†‡–‹ϐ‹…ƒƒ•…ƒ’ƒ…‹†ƒǦ †‡•‡ ’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ• “—‡ •‡” ‘ ’‘•–ƒ• ‡ ’”ž–‹…ƒ ’ƒ”ƒ ‰ƒ”ƒ–‹” ƒ †‡ˆ‡•ƒ ‡ †‹••—ƒ• ‘ †ƒ ǡ „‡ …‘‘ ƒ• …ƒ’ƒ…‹†ƒ†‡• †‡ ‰‡•– ‘ †‡ …”‹•‡• ‡•– ‘ •—ϐ‹…‹‡–‡‡–‡ „‡‡“—‹’ƒ†ƒ•’ƒ”ƒ‡ˆ”‡–ƒ”ƒ•ƒ‡ƒ­ƒ•†‡Š‘Œ‡Ǥ••ƒ•ƒ‡ƒ­ƒ•‹…Ž—‡ǡ’‘” ‡š‡’Ž‘ǡƒ’”‘Ž‹ˆ‡”ƒ­ ‘†‡À••‡‹•„ƒŽÀ•–‹…‘•‡ƒ”ƒ•—…Ž‡ƒ”‡•ǡ–‡””‘”‹•‘ǡƒ–ƒǦ “—‡•…‹„‡”±–‹…‘•‡’”‘„Ž‡ƒ•ƒ„‹‡–ƒ‹•ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒ‹•Ǥ‘…‡‹–‘•–”ƒ–±‰‹…‘ –ƒ„±ƒϐ‹”ƒ…‘‘ƒ‘„Œ‡–‹˜ƒ’”‘‘˜‡”ƒ•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ‹–‡”ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ’‘” meio da cooperação. (OTAN 2014, tradução nossa) Š‡†‘…—‡––Š‡†‡•…”‹„‡•–Š‡…—””‡–•‡…—”‹–›‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒ†‹†‡–‹ϐ‹‡•–Š‡ …ƒ’ƒ„‹Ž‹–‹‡•ƒ†’‘Ž‹…‹‡•‹–™‹ŽŽ’—–‹–‘’Žƒ…‡–‘‡•—”‡–Šƒ–ǯ•†‡ˆ‡…‡ƒ† †‡–‡””‡…‡ǡƒ•™‡ŽŽƒ•…”‹•‹•ƒƒ‰‡‡–ƒ„‹Ž‹–‹‡•ƒ”‡•—ˆϐ‹…‹‡–Ž›™‡ŽŽ‡“—‹’’‡† –‘ˆƒ…‡–‘†ƒ›ǯ•–Š”‡ƒ–•ǤŠ‡•‡–Š”‡ƒ–•‹…Ž—†‡ˆ‘”‹•–ƒ…‡–Š‡’”‘Ž‹ˆ‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ„ƒŽǦ Ž‹•–‹… ‹••‹Ž‡• ƒ† —…Ž‡ƒ” ™‡ƒ’‘•ǡ –‡””‘”‹•ǡ …›„‡” ƒ––ƒ…• ƒ† ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ ‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ’”‘„Ž‡•ǤŠ‡–”ƒ–‡‰‹…‘…‡’–ƒŽ•‘ƒˆϐ‹”•Š‘™ƒ‹•–‘ ’”‘‘–‡‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ•‡…—”‹–›–Š”‘—‰Š…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

ˆǤŠ––’ǣȀȀ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ”ƒ’‹†Ȁ’”‡••Ǧ”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡̴ Ǧͳ͵Ǧͳ͵̴’–ǤŠ–. ˆǤ–‡š–‘‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡‹‰Ž²•DzŠ‡—”‘’‡ƒ‹‘ƒ†Šƒ˜‡–‘†ƒ›•‹‰‡†ƒ‡…Š‹…ƒŽ””ƒ‰‡‡– „‡–™‡‡–Š‡‘’—–‡” …‹†‡–‡•’‘•‡ƒ’ƒ„‹Ž‹–›ȋ Ȍƒ†–Š‡‘’—–‡”‡”‰‡…›‡•’‘•‡ ‡ƒȂ—”‘’‡ƒ‹‘ȋǦȌdzǤ 25

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ˆǤNATO 2010 Strategic Concept “Active Engagement, Modern Defence”, d‹•’‘À˜‡Ž‡ǣŠ––’ǣȀȀ ™™™Ǥƒ–‘Ǥ‹–Ȁ…’•Ȁ‡Ȁƒ–‘Š“Ȁ‡™•̴͸ͺͻͺ͸ǤŠ–ǫ•‡Ž‡…–‡†‘…ƒŽ‡α‡.

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artigo 7. A governança da segurança ”‡•’‡‹–‘†ƒ‹’‘”–Ÿ…‹ƒ†‡•‡’‡•ƒ”‡ governança da segurança, nos dias atuais,

‡„‡”‡–ƒŽȋʹͲͲͶǡͶǡ–”ƒ†—­ ‘‘••ƒȌƒϐ‹”ƒ“—‡‘–‡”‘Dz–ƒ„±‡‰Ž‘„ƒ—‹–‘•†‘• –‡ƒ•…‡–”ƒ‹•†ƒ•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ‡—”‘’‡‹ƒǣƒ‹’‘”–Ÿ…‹ƒ†ƒ•‹†‡‹ƒ•ǡ†ƒ•‹•–‹–—‹­Ù‡•‡ƒ„ƒ•

ƒ•‡•–”—–—”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ‹•‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ‹•ǡ†‡ïŽ–‹’Ž‘•ƒ–‘”‡•’”‘’‘•‹–ƒ†ƒ‡–‡‘–‹˜ƒ†‘•Ǥdz28 ‘”‘—–”‘Žƒ†‘ǡ‡„‘”ƒ‘•‡ƒ—ȋʹͲͲ͹ǡͻͲǡ–”ƒ†—­ ‘‘••ƒȌƒ…”‡†‹–‡“—‡‘—†‘ ± Dz†‡ƒ•‹ƒ†‘ …‘’Ž‡š‘ ‡ †‹˜‡”•‹ϐ‹…ƒ†‘ ’ƒ”ƒ ‡˜‘Ž—‹” ’ƒ”ƒ — ‰‘˜‡”‘ ‰Ž‘„ƒŽǡ …‘ —ƒ …ƒƒ—–‘”‹†ƒ†‡‰Ž‘„ƒŽdzʹͻǡ‘ƒ—–‘”ƒ…”‡•…‡–ƒ“—‡Dz‘…”‹–±”‹‘†‡‰‘˜‡”ƒ­ƒ‰Ž‘„ƒŽ…‘‘

—‡…ƒ‹•‘±’Žƒ—•À˜‡ŽǤdz͵Ͳ • †‡•ƒϐ‹‘• †‡ •‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ “—‡ •‡ ƒ’”‡•‡–ƒ ‘• †‹ƒ• ƒ–—ƒ‹• †‡‹šƒ”ƒ †‡ •‡” †‡•ƒϐ‹‘•ƒ’‡ƒ•”‡‰‹‘ƒ‹•ǡ…‘‘—‹–‘•˜‹•–‘•‘’ƒ••ƒ†‘Ǥ••‹ǡƒ•ƒ„‘”†ƒ‰‡•–‡×”‹…ƒ• centrais, ou clássicas, parecem carecer de argumentos e fundamentos outros, para “—‡ ’‘••ƒǡ †‡ ˆƒ–‘ǡ ‡š’Ž‘”ƒ” ƒ• ˜ƒ”‹ž˜‡‹• †‡ — —†‘ …‘’Ž‡š‘ǡ ‹–‡”†‡’‡†‡–‡ ‡ǡ sobretudo, inseguro. As ameaças surgem, agora, em um lócus mais alargado, com alcance transnacional. A governança †ƒ•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒǡ‡•–—†ƒ†ƒ’‘”‹ï‡”‘•ƒ—–‘”‡•ǡ–ƒ„±’‡”’ƒ••ƒ‘ Dz—†‘˜‹”–—ƒŽdz‡ǡ’‘”‡••ƒ”ƒœ ‘ǡ…ƒ†ƒ˜‡œƒ‹•‡•–—†‘•• ‘˜‘Ž–ƒ†‘•’ƒ”ƒ‡••‡–‡ƒ‡ lócus.

É com base na noção de que não há mais um inimigo interno e um externo que Didier ‹‰‘ȋʹͲͲͲǡ͵Ͷʹǡ–”ƒ†—­ ‘‘••ƒȌƒϐ‹”ƒ“—‡ƒ•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ‹–‡”ƒ’‘••—‹—ƒDz†‹‡• ‘ ‰‡‘‰”žϐ‹…ƒ“—‡•‡‡•–‡†‡’ƒ”ƒƒŽ±†ƒ•ˆ”‘–‡‹”ƒ•ƒ…‹‘ƒ‹•ǤŽƒ±—”‘’‡‹ƒǡ…‹†‡–ƒŽǡ

‘—‹–‡”ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ‘•‡–‹†‘†‡“—‡‡Žƒ±„ƒ•‡ƒ†ƒ‡”‡†‡•†‡…‘Žƒ„‘”ƒ­ ‘‡–”‡ƒ‰²…‹ƒ• †‡•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒǤdz͵ͳ ”ƒ† ‘ ȋʹͲͳͳǡ ͺȌ ‘’‘”–—ƒ‡–‡ †‡•–ƒ…ƒ “—‡ Dzƒ ƒ–—”‡œƒ –”ƒ•ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ †ƒ ameacࡤa suscitou a investigação sobre a relacࡤmo entre segurança interna e a segurança ‡š–‡”ƒȋ”‹••‘‡Š‹ƒ”†ʹͲͲͻǢ‹‰‘ʹͲͲ͸Ȍ‡•‘„”‡‘•ƒ…–‘”‡•‡•–ƒ†—ƒ‹•…‘‘ˆ‘–‡• †‡‹•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒǤdz Ž‡”ƒŠƒȋʹͲͲ͵ǡͻǡ–”ƒ†—­ ‘‘••ƒȌƒϐ‹”ƒ“—‡ƒ•–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ­Ù‡•‡•– ‘DzȏǥȐ ƒˆ‡–ƒ†‘‘‘†‘…‘‘ƒ•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ±†‡ϐ‹‹†ƒƒ—”‘’ƒ‡±”‹…ƒ†‘‘”–‡ǡ’‘”“—‡ˆƒœ ƒ•’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ•†‡•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ‡…‘‘‡Žƒ• são implementadƒ•Ǥdz͵ʹ

ˆǤ–‡š–‘‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡‹‰Ž²•DzƒŽ•‘‡…‘’ƒ••‡•ƒ›‘ˆ–Š‡…‡–”ƒŽ–Š‡‡•‘ˆ—”‘’‡ƒ•‡…—”‹–›ǣ–Š‡‹Ǧ ’‘”–ƒ…‡‘ˆ‹†‡ƒ•ǡ‘ˆ‹•–‹–—–‹‘•ƒ†„‘–Šˆ‘”ƒŽƒ†‹ˆ‘”ƒŽ•–”—…–—”‡•ǡ‘ˆ—Ž–‹’Ž‡ƒ…–‘”•’—”’‘•‡ˆ—ŽŽ› ‘–‹˜ƒ–‡†dzǤ 29 ˆǤ–‡š–‘‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡‹‰Ž²•Dz–‘‘…‘’Ž‡šƒ††‹˜‡”•‡–‘‡˜‘Ž˜‡‰Ž‘„ƒŽ‰‘˜‡”‡–…‘•‹•–‹‰‘ˆƒ•‹‰Ž‡ ‰Ž‘„ƒŽƒ—–Š‘”‹–›dz 30 ˆǤ–‡š–‘‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡‹‰Ž²•Dz–Š‡…”‹–‡”‹‘‘ˆ‰Ž‘„ƒŽ‰‘˜‡”ƒ…‡ƒ•ƒ‡…Šƒ‹•‘ˆ…‘‘”†‹ƒ–‹‘‹•’Žƒ—•‹Ǧ „Ž‡dzǤ 31 ˆǤ–‡š–‘‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡‹‰Ž²•Dz‰‡‘‰”ƒ’Š‹…ƒŽ†‹‡•‹‘™Š‹…Š‡š–‡†•„‡›‘†ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ„‘”†‡”•Ǥ –‹•—”‘Ǧ ’‡ƒǡ‡•–‡”ǡ‘”‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹–Š‡•‡•‡–Šƒ–‹–‹•„ƒ•‡†‘‡–™‘”•‘ˆ…‘ŽŽƒ„‘”ƒ–‹‘„‡–™‡‡•‡…—”‹–› ƒ‰‡…‹‡•Ǥdz 32 ˆǤ–‡š–‘‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡‹‰Ž²•DzȏǥȐƒ”‡ƒˆˆ‡…–‹‰–Š‡™ƒ›‹™Š‹…Š•‡…—”‹–›‹•†‡ϐ‹‡†‹—”‘’‡ƒ†‘”–Š 28

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artigo —–”‘••‹ǡ ‹Ž•–”—’Ǧƒ‰‹‘˜ƒ‹ ȋʹͲͲͷǡ ͺǡ –”ƒ†—­ ‘ ‘••ƒȌ ƒϐ‹”ƒ “—‡ Dzƒ ’”‘Ž‹ˆ‡”ƒ­ ‘ †‡ ”‡†‡• –”ƒ•ƒ…‹‘ƒ‹• ±ǡ ’‘”–ƒ–‘ǡ —‹–ƒ• ˜‡œ‡• ˜‹•–ƒ …‘‘ …ƒ—•ƒ †‡ — †‡…ŽÀ‹‘ƒ…ƒ’ƒ…‹†ƒ†‡†‘•–ƒ†‘†‡ˆ‘”‡…‡”ˆ—­Ù‡•„ž•‹…ƒ•ǡ–ƒ‹•…‘‘ƒƒ—–‡­ ‘†‘ †‹”‡‹–‘…‹˜‹Ž‡†ƒ‘”†‡ǡ†‡ˆ‡•ƒ†‘–‡””‹–×”‹‘ǡ‡–…Ǥȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥ–”ƒ‰‡ͳͻͻ͸ȌǤdz͵͵

‡•–ƒ“—‡Ǧ•‡ “—‡ǡ –ƒŽ …‘‘ ƒ ‹•• ‘ †ƒ ǡ ‡ †‡–‡”‹ƒ†‘ ‘‡–‘ǡ ˆ‘‹

–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ†ƒȂ•‡†‘ƒ†ƒ’–ƒ†ƒ’ƒ”ƒ…‘„‹ƒ”…‘‘‘˜‘ƒ„‹‡–‡‡•–”ƒ–±‰‹…‘Ȃǡ–ƒŽ˜‡œ •‡Œƒ‘‘‡–‘†‡•‡ȋ”‡Ȍ’‡•ƒ”—ƒ‘˜ƒ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ­ ‘ǡ˜‹•ƒ†‘ƒ—ƒDzƒ–—ƒŽ‹œƒ­ ‘dz ƒ‹• …‘–‡’‘”Ÿ‡ƒ †‡ •‡— ’ƒ’‡Žǡ —ƒ ˜‡œ “—‡ ƒ •‘…‹‡†ƒ†‡ Dz‡•–ž ’ƒ••ƒ†‘ ’‘” —ƒ transformação fundamental por meio do surgimento de novas formas de governabilidade

‘—†‘‘…‹†‡–ƒŽǤ–”ƒ•ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ‡•–žƒ‡•„ƒ–‡”ƒ†‹•–‹­ ‘‡–”‡‹–‡”‘‡‡š–‡”‘ǡ‡ƒ †‡•‡•–ƒ„‹Ž‹œƒ”…‘…‡‹–‘•”‡Žƒ…‹‘ƒ†‘•Ǥdz͵Ͷȋ‹‰‘ʹͲͲͲǡ͵ʹͲǡ–”ƒ†—­ ‘‘••ƒȌǤ Ademais, importante destacar a necessidade de se reconsiderar o próprio conceito †‡ •‡‰—”ƒ­ƒǡ …‘•‘ƒ–‡ †‡•–ƒ…ƒ ‹‰‘ ȋʹͲͲͲǡ ͵Ͷ͵ǡ –”ƒ†—­ ‘ ‘••ƒȌǡ •‡‰—†‘ ‘ “—ƒŽ ƒ

Dz˜‡”†ƒ†‡‹”ƒdz •‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ Dz‡”ƒ ƒ “—‡ †‹œ‹ƒ ”‡•’‡‹–‘  •‘„”‡˜‹˜²…‹ƒ ϐÀ•‹…ƒ †ƒ ƒ­ ‘ǡ ‡ •—ƒ ’”‘–‡­ ‘…‘–”ƒƒ’‘–‡…‹ƒŽƒ‰”‡•• ‘ƒ”ƒ†ƒȋƒŽ–ͳͻͻͳȌǤdz͵ͷ ‹†ƒǡ’ƒ”ƒ‘ƒ—–‘”ǡDz’ƒ”ƒƒŽ±†‡••ƒƒ…‡‹–ƒ­ ‘†‡•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ…‘‘•‘„”‡˜‹˜²…‹ƒ ‡š‹•–‡…‹ƒŽǡ ƒ •‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ ’‡”†‡— ‘ •‡— ’”‘’ו‹–‘dz͵͸ǡ •—”‰‹†‘ ‘ …‘…‡‹–‘ †‡ Dz•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ •‘…‹ƒŽdz37ǡ—–‡”‘‰—ƒ”†ƒǦ…Š—˜ƒ…‘˜‹•–ƒ•ƒ†‡ϐ‹‹”‘•‡•ˆ‘”­‘•’ƒ”ƒŽ‹†ƒ”…‘ƒ•ƒ‡ƒ­ƒ• †‡•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ‘†‡”ƒ•ǡƒ•…Šƒƒ†ƒ•Dz‘˜ƒ•ƒ‡ƒ­ƒ•dzȋ‹‰‘ʹͲͲͲǡ͵Ͷ͵ǡ–”ƒ†—­ ‘‘••ƒȌǤ ‘•‹†‡”ƒ­Ù‡•ϐ‹ƒ‹•

É verdade, além de compreensível, que os Estados-Membros da UE continuam avessos ƒ“—ƒŽ“—‡”’‡”†ƒ†‡•‘„‡”ƒ‹ƒ‡”‡Žƒ­ ‘•’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ•†‡•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ‡†‡†‡ˆ‡•ƒ‡ǡ’‘”‡••ƒ ”ƒœ ‘ǡ—‹–ƒ•˜‡œ‡•ƒ”‡Žƒ­ ‘Ǧ’‘†‡’ƒ”‡…‡”…‘’‡–‹–‹˜ƒǤ ˆ‘‹’”‘Œ‡–ƒ†ƒ’ƒ”ƒŽ‹†ƒ”…‘…”‹•‡•”‡‰‹‘ƒ‹••‡‡ŽŠƒ–‡••†ƒ•‰—‡””ƒ•

†‘•ƒŽ… •ǡ‡†‘•‡—‡“—ƒ†”ƒ‡–‘‹•–‹–—…‹‘ƒŽ‡‘’‡”ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ”‡ϐŽ‡–‡‡••ƒƒ„‹­ ‘Ǥ ‡…‡”–‘ “—‡ ‘ ˆ—–—”‘ †ƒ  †‡’‡†‡ •‡ ’‘†‡”ž …‘–ƒ” …‘ ƒ …‘…‘”†Ÿ…‹ƒǡ ’‘” ’ƒ”–‡ †‘• •–ƒ†‘•Ǧ‡„”‘• †ƒ ǡ ’‡Žƒ „—•…ƒ …‘— †‡ ‹–‡”‡••‡• ‡•–”ƒ–±‰‹…‘•Ǥ

‡”‹…ƒǡ„›™Š‘•‡…—”‹–›’‘Ž‹…‹‡•ƒ”‡ƒ†‡ƒ†Š‘™–Š‡›ƒ”‡‹’Ž‡‡–‡†Ǥdz 33 ˆǤ–‡š–‘‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡‹‰Ž²•Dz–Š‡’”‘Ž‹ˆ‡”ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–”ƒ•ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‡–™‘”•‹•–Š‡”‡ˆ‘”‡‘ˆ–‡ˆ‘”‡…ƒ•––‘…ƒ—•‡ ƒ†‡…Ž‹‡‹–Š‡…ƒ’ƒ…‹–›‘ˆ–Š‡•–ƒ–‡–‘’”‘˜‹†‡„ƒ•‹…ˆ—…–‹‘••—…Šƒ•–Š‡ƒ‹–‡ƒ…‡‘ˆ…‹˜‹ŽŽƒ™ƒ†‘”Ǧ †‡”ǡ†‡ˆ‡•‡‘ˆ–‡””‹–‘”›ǡ‡–…Ǥȋ‡Ǥ‰Ǥ–”ƒ‰‡ͳͻͻ͸ȌǤdz

ˆǤ–‡š–‘‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡‹‰Ž²•Dz‹•—†‡”‰‘‹‰ˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ–”ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘–Š”‘—‰Š–Š‡”‹•‡‘ˆ‡™ ˆ‘”•‘ˆ‰‘˜‡”‡–ƒ„‹Ž‹–›‹–Š‡‡•–‡”‘”Ž†ǤŠ‡–”ƒ•ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ‹•„Ž—””‹‰–Š‡†‹•–‹…–‹‘ „‡–™‡‡–Š‡‹–‡”ƒŽƒ†‡š–‡”ƒŽǡƒ††‡•–ƒ„‹Ž‹•‹‰”‡Žƒ–‡†…‘…‡’–•dzǤ 34

ˆǤ–‡š–‘‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡‹‰Ž²•Dz™ƒ•–Šƒ–™Š‹…Š…‘…‡”‡†–Š‡’Š›•‹…ƒŽ•—”˜‹˜ƒŽ‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ–‹‘ǡƒ†‹–•’”‘–‡…Ǧ –‹‘ˆ”‘’‘–‡–‹ƒŽƒ”‡†ƒ‰‰”‡••‹‘ȋƒŽ–ͳͻͻͳȌdzǤ 35

ˆǤ–‡š–‘‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡‹‰Ž²•Dzbeyond this acceptance of security as existential survival, security lost its purpose”. 36

ˆǤƒ””›—œƒǡ‡‘’Ž‡–ƒ–‡•ƒ† ‡ƒ”ǡͳͻͻͳǡ‡ƒ˜‡”ǡǤǡ—œƒǡǤǡ‡Ž•–”—’ǡǤƒ†‡ƒ‹–”‡ǡǤͳͻͻ͵Ǥ †‡–‹–›ǡ‹‰”ƒ–‹‘ƒ†–Š‡‡™‡…—”‹–›‰‡†ƒ‹—”‘’‡ǡ‘†‘ǡ‹–‡”Ǥ’Ǥʹ͵Ǥ 37

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artigo •–‘ ‹’Ž‹…ƒ”žǡ ’”‹‡‹”ƒ‡–‡ǡ —ƒ ’‡”…‡’­ ‘ †ƒ ƒ‡ƒ­ƒ …‘—Ǣ ‡ •‡‰—†‘ Ž—‰ƒ”ǡ ƒ ˜‘–ƒ†‡’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ†‡ƒ’Ž‹…ƒ”†‹ˆ‡”‡–‡•‹•–”—‡–‘•‡…‘Ø‹…‘Ǧϐ‹ƒ…‡‹”‘•ǡ†‹’Ž‘ž–‹…‘• ‡†‡‰‡•– ‘†‡…”‹•‡•†‡—ƒˆ‘”ƒ‘”‹‡–ƒ†ƒ‡…‘‡”‡–‡Ǣ‡ǡ’‘”‹‘ǡ—ƒ‡ŽŠ‘”‹ƒ†ƒ• capacidades civis e militares atuais.

‘–—†‘ǡ ‘• †‹ƒ• ƒ–—ƒ‹•  ‘ •‡ ƒ’”‡•‡–ƒ ƒ‹• …‘‘ ‘ ’ƒ••ƒ†‘Ǥ ž ‘—–”ƒ• ˆ‘”ƒ• †‡ ƒ‡ƒ­ƒǡ ‘”‡–‡ ƒ• “—‡ ‘…‘””‡ ‘ …‹„‡”‡•’ƒ­‘ǡ ‘— ‘ …Šƒƒ†‘ Dz—†‘ ˜‹”–—ƒŽdzǡ“—‡†‡ƒ†ƒƒ–‡­ ‘ǡ’Žƒ‡Œƒ‡–‘‡ƒ­Ù‡•…‘‘”†‡ƒ†ƒ•ǡ’‘”’ƒ”–‡†‡–‘†‘•‘•

•–ƒ†‘•Ǧ‡„”‘•Ǥ‡•‡‘–ƒ”ǡƒŽ‹ž•ǡ“—‡ƒ•Dz‘˜ƒ•ƒ‡ƒ­ƒ•dz’‘†‡•—”‰‹”ȋ‡Ȁ‘—‘…‘””‡”Ȍ ‘—†‘”‡ƒŽǡ‡š…Ž—•‹˜ƒ‡–‡Ǣ‘—†‘˜‹”–—ƒŽǡ‡š…Ž—•‹˜ƒ‡–‡Ǣ„‡…‘‘†‡ˆ‘”ƒ …‘…‘‹–ƒ–‡ǡ…‘ˆ‘”‡‡•–”ƒ–±‰‹ƒ†‘  ǡ•‡Œƒ‡Žƒ•…‘’Ž‡‡–ƒ”‡•‘— ‘Ǥ    ± —ƒ ”‡ƒŽ‹†ƒ†‡Ǥ ‘ ƒ­Ù‡• …‘‘”†‡ƒ†ƒ•ǡ ƒ’‘‹ƒ†ƒ• ’‘” — ‡•ˆ‘”­‘ †‡ ’”‘’ƒ‰ƒ†ƒƒ••‹˜ƒǡ—–‹Ž‹œƒ†‘Ǧ•‡†ƒ•À†‹ƒ••‘…‹ƒ‹•ǡ‘‰”—’‘–‡•‡—ˆ‘…‘ƒ’‡”•—ƒ• ‘Ǥ

—ƒ ‡•–”ƒ–±‰‹ƒ †‡ …‘—‹…ƒ­ ‘ ˜‹•ƒ ’‡”•—ƒ†‹” –‘†‘• ‘• —­—Žƒ‘• “—‡ Ž—–ƒ” para restaurar um califado é um dever religioso. A narrativa do grupo retrata o  …‘‘—ƒ‰‡–‡†‡—†ƒ­ƒǡ‘˜‡”†ƒ†‡‹”‘ƒ’ו–‘Ž‘†‡—ƒˆ±•‘„‡”ƒƒǡ— campeão de suas próprias noções perversas de justiça social, e uma coleção de vingadores empenhados em acertar contas para os sofrimentos percebidos dos ‘—–”‘•Ǥȋ ƒ”™‡ŽŽʹͲͳͶǡͶͻǦͷͲǡ–”ƒ†—­ ‘‘••ƒȌ͵ͺ

‘†ƒ˜‹ƒǡ‘   ‘±ƒ…ƒƒ‡ƒ­ƒ‡–ƒ’‘—…‘ˆ‘‹‘’”‹‡‹”‘‰”—’‘ƒ•‡—–‹Ž‹œƒ”†‡ propaganda para direcionar suas mensagens͵ͻȋ ƒ”™‡ŽŽʹͲͳͶȌǤ‘”‡••ƒ”ƒœ ‘ǡ‡•–‡ƒ”–‹‰‘ não tratou de analisar suas investidas, ao longo do tempo. O interesse maior foi reforçar ‘“—‡Œžƒϐ‹”ƒ”ƒ—œƒǡƒ‡˜‡”‡†‡‹Ž†‡ȋͳͻͻͺǡͳǡ–”ƒ†—­ ‘‘••ƒȌDzȏǤǤǤȐ†‘‹•’‘–‘• de vista dos estudos de segurança estão agora sobre a mesa, o novo, dos alargadores, e o ˜‡ŽŠ‘ǡ‹Ž‹–ƒ”‡…‡–”ƒ†‘‘•–ƒ†‘ǡ†‘•–”ƒ†‹…‹‘ƒŽ‹•–ƒ•dzǤ  ‘•‡’‘†‡‘Ž˜‹†ƒ”“—‡ƒ’‘••—‹’ƒ’‡Ž’”‡’‘†‡”ƒ–‡ƒ•‡”†‡•‡’‡Šƒ†‘‡ “—‡†‡˜‡ƒ••—‹”ǡ†‡ˆƒ–‘‡†‡†‹”‡‹–‘ǡ—ƒ’‘•‹­ ‘ƒ‹•ƒ–‹˜ƒ‡’”‘ƒ–‹˜ƒ‘“—‡…‘…‡”‡ os assuntos de segurança e defesa na Europa. Tampouco se pode perder de vista o fato †‡“—‡ƒ–‡–‘ƒ†‘‡†‹†ƒ•ǡ‘•‹‘•ƒ‘•ǡ’ƒ”ƒ•‡…‘Ž‘…ƒ”‡—ƒ’‘•‹­ ‘†‡ ˜ƒ‰—ƒ”†ƒƒ’”‘–‡­ ‘†‘…‹„‡”‡•’ƒ­‘ǤŽ‹ž•ǡƒ•”‡…‡–‡•’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ•ƒž”‡ƒ†ƒ•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ cibernética comprovam esse protagonismo. ‘” ‘—–”‘ Žƒ†‘ǡ ƒ ‹•—”‰²…‹ƒ †‘ ‰”—’‘ Anonymous, contra a atuação terrorista

†‘  ǡ…‘ƒ†Œ—˜ƒ†‘‡’ƒ”…‡”‹ƒȋ•‘Ž‹…‹–ƒ†ƒ‘— ‘Ȍ…‘‹•–‹–—‹­Ù‡•‰‘˜‡”ƒ‡–ƒ‹•‡ •–ƒ†‘••‘„‡”ƒ‘•ǡ’ƒ”‡…‡–‡”•‹†‘—ƒ”‡•’‘•–ƒƒ‹•”ž’‹†ƒ‡ǡ’‘”‘”ƒǡƒ‹•‡ϐ‹…ƒœǡ“—‡ ƒ†‘•–ƒ†‘•‘„‡”ƒ‘Ǥ—‹–‘Šžǡƒ‹†ƒǡ“—‡•‡‡•–—†ƒ”•‘„”‡‘–‡””‘”‹•‘ǡ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡–‡ ˆǤ–‡š–‘‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡‹‰Ž²•Dz –•…‘—‹…ƒ–‹‘•–”ƒ–‡‰›ƒ‹•–‘’‡”•—ƒ†‡ƒŽŽ—•Ž‹•–Šƒ–„ƒ––Ž‹‰–‘”‡Ǧ •–‘”‡ƒ…ƒŽ‹’Šƒ–‡‹•ƒ”‡Ž‹‰‹‘—•†—–›ǤŠ‡‰”‘—’ǯ•ƒ””ƒ–‹˜‡’‘”–”ƒ›•  ƒ•ƒƒ‰‡–‘ˆ…Šƒ‰‡ǡ–Š‡–”—‡ƒ’‘•Ǧ –Ž‡‘ˆƒ•‘˜‡”‡‹‰ˆƒ‹–Šǡƒ…Šƒ’‹‘‘ˆ‹–•‘™’‡”˜‡”•‡‘–‹‘•‘ˆ•‘…‹ƒŽŒ—•–‹…‡ǡƒ†ƒ…‘ŽŽ‡…–‹‘‘ˆƒ˜‡‰‡”• „‡–‘•‡––Ž‹‰ƒ……‘—–•ˆ‘”–Š‡’‡”…‡‹˜‡†•—ˆˆ‡”‹‰•‘ˆ‘–Š‡”•dzǤ 39  ‹†‡ …‘•‹†‡”ƒ­Ù‡• †‡ ƒ”™‡ŽŽǡ ƒ‡• Ǥ ʹͲͳͶǤ Š‡ ‡†‹ƒ •–”ƒ–‡‰› ‘ˆ  Ǥ —”˜‹˜ƒŽǡ ͷ͸ǣ͸ǡ ͶͻǦͷͷǡ  ǣ ͳͲǤͳͲͺͲȀͲͲ͵ͻ͸͵͵ͺǤʹͲͳͶǤͻͺͷͶ͵͸Ǥ 38

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artigo ‡•—ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒ•ƒ‹•…‘–‡’‘”Ÿ‡ƒ•Ǥ  ‡•–”ƒ–±‰‹ƒ DzAn Open, Safe and Secure Cyberspacedzǡ ‘— Dz ‹„‡”‡•’ƒ­‘ „‡”–‘ǡ ‡‰—”‘‡”‘–‡‰‹†‘dz‡ƒ’”×’”‹ƒ‰‡†ƒ‹‰‹–ƒŽ• ‘‹’‘”–ƒ–‡•…‘’Ž‡‡–‘•‡ •ˆ‡””ƒ‡–ƒ•†ƒ‡ƒ–±”‹ƒ†‡’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ†‡•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒǤ„‘”ƒ ‘‡…‡••ƒ”‹ƒ‡–‡ •‹„‘Ž‹œƒ†‘—ƒDz‹Ž‹–ƒ”‹œƒ­ ‘dz†‘…‹„‡”‡•’ƒ­‘†ƒǡ•‹‰‹ϐ‹…ƒ—ƒ—†ƒ­ƒˆ—†ƒ‡–ƒŽ ‡”‡Žƒ­ ‘’‘•–—”ƒ†ƒ†‡‘—–”‘”ƒǡˆ”‡–‡‘•†‡•ƒϐ‹‘•‡ƒ‡ƒ­ƒ•ƒ–—ƒ‹•‡ˆ—–—”ƒ•Ǥ žǡƒ‹†ƒǡ—Ž‘‰‘…ƒ‹Š‘ƒ•‡”’‡”…‘””‹†‘ǡ’”‹…‹’ƒŽ‡–‡‡”ƒœ ‘†‘ˆž…‹Ž

ƒ…‡••‘ǡ’‘—…ƒȋ‘—ƒ‹†ƒ‹‡ϐ‹…‹‡–‡Ȍ”‡‰—Žƒ­ ‘ǡ”ž’‹†‘ϐŽ—š‘†‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ­ ‘ǡ†‡–”‡‘—–”ƒ• †‹˜‡”•ƒ•‡‹ï‡”ƒ•…ƒ”ƒ…–‡”À•–‹…ƒ•†‘…‹„‡”‡•’ƒ­‘“—‡ǡƒ‘‡•‘–‡’‘ǡ• ‘˜ƒ–ƒ‰‡• buscadas pelos grupos terroristas.  …‡”–‡œƒ “—‡ •‡ ’‘†‡ –‡”ǡ ƒ–± ‘ ’”‡•‡–‡ǡ ± ‘ …ƒ‹Š‘ •‡ ˜‘Ž–ƒ †‘ —•‘ †ƒ•

‡…‘Ž‘‰‹ƒ•†‡ ˆ‘”ƒ­ ‘‡‘—‹…ƒ­ ‘ȋ •Ȍ’‘”‰”—’‘•–‡””‘”‹•–ƒ•Ǥ‡••‡•‡–‹†‘ǡ ‘’‘”–—‘”‡••ƒŽ–ƒ”“—‡ǡƒ‹†ƒ‡ʹͲͲͶǡƒNational Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, também conhecida com The 9/11 Commissionǡ‘—‘‹•• ‘ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ•‘„”‡

–‡–ƒ†‘•‡””‘”‹•–ƒ•…‘–”ƒ‘••–ƒ†‘•‹†‘•ȋ‘‹•• ‘†‡ͳͳǦͻȌǡ†‹˜—Ž‰‘—”‡Žƒ–×”‹‘†‡ ͷ͹Ͳ’ž‰‹ƒ•ǡƒ’‘–ƒ†‘’ƒ”ƒ‘—•‘†‡‘†‡”ƒ•–‡…‘Ž‘‰‹ƒ•†‡…‘—‹…ƒ­ ‘‡…‘‘‘• –‡””‘”‹•–ƒ•ˆ‘”ƒDzȏǤǤǤȐ’‘”•—ƒ˜‡œǡ„‡‡ϐ‹…‹ƒ†‘•’‘”‡•–‡‡•‘†‡•‡˜‘Ž˜‹‡–‘”ž’‹†‘ †ƒ• –‡…‘Ž‘‰‹ƒ• †‡ …‘—‹…ƒ­ ‘Ǥdz40 ȋŠ‡ ͻȀͳͳ ‘‹••‹‘ ʹͲͲͶǡ ͺͺǡ –”ƒ†—­ ‘ ‘••ƒȌǤ

†‹…‹‘ƒŽ‡–‡ǡ‘”‡Žƒ–×”‹‘ƒϐ‹”ƒ“—‡ǣ

O surgimento da World Wide Web deu aos terroristas um meio muito mais fácil †‡ƒ†“—‹”‹”‹ˆ‘”ƒ­Ù‡•‡‡š‡”…‹–ƒ”…‘ƒ†‘‡…‘–”‘Ž‡•‘„”‡•—ƒ•‘’‡”ƒ­Ù‡•Ǥ ŽÀ†‡”‘’‡”ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ†ƒ…‘•’‹”ƒ­ ‘†‘ͳͳȀͻǡ‘Šƒ‡†––ƒǡ…‘‡…–‘—Ǧ•‡‘Ž‹‡ƒ ’ƒ”–‹”†‡ƒ„—”‰‘ǡŽ‡ƒŠƒǡ’ƒ”ƒ’‡•“—‹•ƒ”‡•…‘Žƒ•†‡˜‘‘†‘•ǤŽ˜‘•†‡ …‘Ž‡–ƒ†‡‹ˆ‘”ƒ­Ù‡••‡–‘”ƒ”ƒƒ‹••‘ϐ‹•–‹…ƒ†‘•Ǥ••ƒ•—†ƒ­ƒ•–‘”ƒ”ƒ ‘ƒ˜‹•‘†‡˜‹‰‹ŽŸ…‹ƒ‡ƒ‡ƒ­ƒƒ‹•†‹ϐÀ…‹ŽǤȋŠ‡ͻȀͳͳʹͲͲͶǡͺͺǡ–”ƒ†—­ ‘‘••ƒȌ41

 ‘ŽŠƒ” †‡ ‹‰‘ ȋʹͲͲͲǡ ͵ʹͲǡ –”ƒ†—­ ‘ ‘••ƒȌ ƒ…‡†‡ ‡ …‘””‘„‘”ƒ ƒ ‹’‡”ƒ–‹˜ƒ necessidade de se pensar estrategicamente e, sobretudo, de forma articulada. Para o ƒ—–‘”ǡDz‡••ƒ”‡Žƒ­ ‘‡–”‡†‡–”‘‡ˆ‘”ƒ±…‡–”ƒŽ‡ƒ‹•‹’‘”–ƒ–‡“—‡ƒ‡…‡••‹†ƒ†‡†‡ †‹•–‹‰—‹”‡–”‡ƒ•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ†‘•–ƒ†‘‡†ƒ•‘…‹‡†ƒ†‡ȋƒ‡˜‡”‡–ƒŽǤǡͳͻͻ͵ȌǤdz42 —–”‘••‹ǡ•‡‰—†‘‘ƒ—–‘”ǡ•‘„”‡–—†‘ƒ’ו‘ϐ‹†ƒ„‹’‘Žƒ”‹†ƒ†‡Dzƒ•ƒ‰²…‹ƒ•†‡ •‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ‡š–‡”ƒȋ‘‡š±”…‹–‘ǡ‘•‡”˜‹­‘•‡…”‡–‘Ȍ‡•– ‘’”‘…—”ƒ‘‹–‡”‹‘”†ƒ•ˆ”‘–‡‹”ƒ•ǡ ‡„—•…ƒ†‡—‹‹‹‰‘†‡ˆ‘”ƒǤdzͶ͵ȋ‹‰‘ʹͲͲͲǡ͵ʹͲǡ–”ƒ†—­ ‘‘••ƒȌǤ

ˆǤ–‡š–‘‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡‹‰Ž²•DzȏǥȐ‹–—”ǡŠƒ˜‡„‡‡ϐ‹–‡†ˆ”‘–Š‹••ƒ‡”ƒ’‹††‡˜‡Ž‘’‡–‘ˆ…‘—‹Ǧ …ƒ–‹‘–‡…Š‘Ž‘‰‹‡•Ǥdz 41 ˆǤ–‡š–‘‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡‹‰Ž²•DzŠ‡‡‡”‰‡…‡‘ˆ–Š‡‘”Ž†‹†‡‡„Šƒ•‰‹˜‡–‡””‘”‹•–•ƒ—…Š‡ƒ•‹‡” ‡ƒ•‘ˆƒ…“—‹”‹‰‹ˆ‘”ƒ–‹‘ƒ†‡š‡”…‹•‹‰…‘ƒ†ƒ†…‘–”‘Ž‘˜‡”–Š‡‹”‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘•ǤŠ‡‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ Ž‡ƒ†‡”‘ˆ–Š‡ͻȀͳͳ…‘•’‹”ƒ…›ǡ‘Šƒ‡†––ƒǡ™‡–‘Ž‹‡ˆ”‘ƒ„—”‰ǡ ‡”ƒ›ǡ–‘”‡•‡ƒ”…ŠǤǤϐŽ‹‰Š– schools. Targets of intelligence collection have become more sophisticated. These changes have made surǦ ˜‡‹ŽŽƒ…‡ƒ†–Š”‡ƒ–™ƒ”‹‰‘”‡†‹ˆϐ‹…—Ž–Ǥdz 42 ˆǤ–‡š–‘‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡‹‰Ž²•Dz–Š‹•”‡Žƒ–‹‘‘ˆ‹•‹†‡ƒ†‘—–•‹†‡‹•…‡–”ƒŽƒ†‘”‡‹’‘”–ƒ––Šƒ–Š‡‡‡† –‘†‹•–‹‰—‹•Š„‡–™‡‡•–ƒ–‡ƒ†•‘…‹‡–ƒŽ•‡…—”‹–›ȋƒ‡˜‡”‡–ƒŽǤͳͻͻ͵ȌdzǤ 43 ˆǤ–‡š–‘‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡‹‰Ž²•Dz‡š–‡”ƒŽ•‡…—”‹–›ƒ‰‡…‹‡•ȋ–Š‡ƒ”›ǡ–Š‡•‡…”‡–•‡”˜‹…‡Ȍƒ”‡Ž‘‘‹‰‹•‹†‡–Š‡ „‘”†‡”•‹•‡ƒ”…Š‘ˆƒ‡‡›ˆ”‘‘—–•‹†‡Ǥdz 40

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artigo ‘‡ˆ‡‹–‘ǡ‘•‡•–—†‘•ƒ…‡”…ƒ†ƒ•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ‡†ƒ‰‘˜‡”ƒça da segurança possuem, ƒ‹†ƒǡ˜ƒ•–‘…ƒ’‘’ƒ”ƒ”‡ϐŽ‡š ‘‡ƒžŽ‹•‡ǡ•‘„”‡–—†‘‘“—‡–ƒ‰‡’‡”•’‡…–‹˜ƒ†‡—ƒ Dz•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜ƒ”‡‰‹‘ƒŽdz44ǡƒ’”‡•‡–ƒ†ƒ’‘”—†•‡ȋʹͲͲͳǡ͵ͷ͹ǡ–”ƒ†—­ ‘‘••ƒȌǤ

ƒ”ƒ‘ƒ—–‘”ǡ•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜ƒDz”‡’”‡•‡–ƒ‡••‡…‹ƒŽ‡–‡ƒ’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒǡ†‡‘•–”ƒ†ƒ ƒ’”ž–‹…ƒǡ†‡Ž‹†ƒ”’ƒ…‹ϐ‹…ƒ‡–‡…‘…‘ϐŽ‹–‘•ǡ ‘ƒ’‡ƒ•’‡Žƒƒ„•–‡­ ‘†‡˜‹‘Ž²…‹ƒ

‘—ƒ‡ƒ­ƒ•ǡƒ•’‡Ž‘‡‰ƒŒƒ‡–‘ƒ–‹˜‘ƒ‡‰‘…‹ƒ­ão e busca de soluções práticas, e por —…‘’”‘‹••‘…‘‡†‹†ƒ•’”‡˜‡–‹˜ƒ•Ǥdz45ȋ—†•‡ʹͲͲͳǡ͵ͷ͹ǡ–”ƒ†—­ ‘‘••ƒȌǤ ‡••ƒˆ‘”ƒǡ†‡•†‡‘•—”‰‹‡–‘†ƒǡ’‡”’ƒ••ƒ†‘’‡Žƒ“—‡ǡƒ‰‘”ƒ–‡–ƒ Ž‹†ƒ”…‘ƒ•Dz‘˜ƒ•ƒ‡ƒ­ƒ•dzǡ‘†‡„ƒ–‡•‘„”‡ƒ•–‡‘”‹ƒ•†‡•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ…‘–‹—ƒ…ƒ†ƒ˜‡œ

mais vivo. ‡••‡…‘–‡š–‘ǡ’‘”–ƒ–‘ǡ–‘”ƒǦ•‡ƒ–—”ƒŽ“—‡•—”ŒƒƒŽ‰—•“—‡•–‹‘ƒ‡–‘•“—‡ ’‘†‡‡•‡Œƒ”‘˜ƒ•ƒžŽ‹•‡•ǡ‹˜‡•–‹‰ƒ­Ù‡•‡…”À–‹…ƒ•ǣ‹Ȍ•–ƒ”Àƒ‘•ǡ‡– ‘ǡ…ƒ‹Šƒ†‘ ’ƒ”ƒ—ƒ”‡ƒŽ‹†ƒ†‡‡“—‡…‹„‡”‡š±”…‹–‘••‡” ‘ǡ†‡ˆƒ–‘ǡ‡…‡••ž”‹‘•ǫ—ŒžŽž…Š‡‰ƒ‘•ǫ

‹‹Ȍ ‡ “—‡ ˆ‘”ƒ ’‘†‡”‡‘• •ƒŽ˜ƒ‰—ƒ”†ƒ• ‘ —•‘ †ƒ• À†‹ƒ• •‘…‹ƒ‹•ǡ •‡ „Ž‘“—‡ƒ” ‘— †‹‹—‹”‘•†‹”‡‹–‘•†‘•…‹†ƒ† ‘•ǫ‹‹‹Ȍ…‘‘‘•‰”—’‘•–‡””‘”‹•–ƒ•…‘•‡‰—‡ƒ–‡”•—ƒ• …‘‡šÙ‡•ƒ–‹˜ƒ•ǡ’‘”–ƒ–‘–‡’‘ǡ•‡—ƒƒ­ ‘‡ϐ‹…‹‡–‡‡’”‘ƒ–‹˜ƒ†ƒ•‹•–‹–—‹­Ù‡•ǫ‹˜Ȍ

—ƒŽƒ’‘•–—”ƒ†‘•–ƒ†‘ǡˆ”‡–‡ƒ‘‡‰ƒŒƒ‡–‘†‡‰”—’‘•‘—–”‘•ǡ…‘–”ƒƒƒ”–‹…—Žƒ­ ‘ terrorista (hack attacksȌǫ ‡•–ƒ ‡˜‹†‡–‡ “—‡ǡ ‡•–‡Œƒ ƒ ƒ‡ƒ­ƒ ‘†‡ ‡•–‹˜‡”ǡ ‘ Dz—†‘ ”‡ƒŽdz ‘— ‘ Dz—†‘ ˜‹”–—ƒŽdzǡƒ•‰—‡””ƒ•†‘•±…—Ž‘ʹͳ†‡˜‡•‡”–”ƒ˜ƒ†ƒ•…‘•‹†‡”ƒ†‘ƒ• •…‘‘ˆ‡””ƒ‡–ƒ• ‹’‘”–ƒ–‡•‡…‘‘‘„Œ‡–‘•†‡’‘ŽÀ–‹…ƒ•†‡•‡‰—”ƒ­ƒ‡†‡ˆ‡•ƒǡ’ƒ”ƒƒŽ±†‡…‘•‹†‡”ƒ”—ƒ ‡•–”ƒ–±‰‹ƒ†‡†‡ˆ‡•ƒ…‹„‡”±–‹…ƒƒŽ‹Šƒ†ƒ•†‡ƒ‹•‡•–”ƒ–±‰‹ƒ•‡š‹•–‡–‡•ǡ–”ƒ„ƒŽŠƒ†‘‡ •‹‡”‰‹ƒ‡‡–‘—À••‘‘…‘‘•†‡ƒ‹•ƒ–‘”‡•ǡ•‡Œƒ‡Ž‡•‡•–ƒ–ƒ‹•‘— ‘Ǥ

Referências  ǡ ‹†‹‡”Ǥ ʹͲͲͲǤ Š‡ ™‘ ‡…‘‡ ‡ǣ –‡”ƒŽ ƒ† š–‡”ƒŽ ‡…—”‹–‹•ƒ–‹‘• ‹ —”‘’‡Ǥ  Ǥ ‡Ž•–”—’ǡ Ƭ Ǥ ‹ŽŽ‹ƒ• ȋ‡†•ǤȌǡ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‡Žƒ–‹‘• Š‡‘”› ƒ† Š‡ ‘Ž‹–‹…•‘ˆ—”‘’‡ƒ –‡‰”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ‘™‡”ǡ‡…—”‹–›ƒ†‘—‹–›ǣͳ͹ͳǦʹͲͶǤ‘—–Ž‡†‰‡Ǥ BRANDÃOǡ ƒ ƒ—ŽƒǤ ʹͲͳͳǤ • –‡†²…‹ƒ• ‹–‡”ƒ…‹‘ƒ‹• ‡ ƒ ’‘•‹­ ‘ †‡ ‘”–—‰ƒŽǤ   ‘‰”‡••‘ –‡”ƒ…‹‘ƒŽ †‘ Ǥ ‹•’‘À˜‡Ž ‡ǣ Š––’ǣȀȀ‘„•‡”˜ƒ”‡Ǥ—ƒŽǤ’–Ȁ …‘ˆ‡”‡…‡Ȁ‹ƒ‰‡•Ȁ•–‘”‹‡•Ȁ…‘ˆ‡”‡…‡ΨʹͲ‹ƒ‰‡•ΨʹͲ’†ˆȀͳȀƒ̴ƒ—Žƒ̴”ƒ†ƒ‘Ǥ’†ˆ. …‡••‘‡ǣͲʹ†‡ƒ”­‘†‡ʹͲͳ͸Ǥ

44

Cf. texto original em inglês “”‡‰‹‘ƒŽ…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹˜‡•‡…—”‹–›dzǤ ˆǤ–‡š–‘‘”‹‰‹ƒŽ‡‹‰Ž²•Dz‡••‡–‹ƒŽŽ›”‡’”‡•‡–•–Š‡’‘Ž‹…›ǡ†‡‘•–”ƒ–‡†‹’”ƒ…–‹…‡ǡ‘ˆ†‡ƒŽ‹‰’‡ƒ…‡Ǧ ˆ—ŽŽ›™‹–Š…‘ϐŽ‹…–•ǡ‘–‡”‡Ž›„›ƒ„•–‡–‹‘ˆ”‘˜‹‘Ž‡…‡‘”–Š”‡ƒ–•ǡ„—–„›ƒ…–‹˜‡‡‰ƒ‰‡‡–‹‡‰‘–‹ƒǦ –‹‘ƒ†ƒ•‡ƒ”…Šˆ‘”’”ƒ…–‹…ƒŽ•‘Ž—–‹‘•ǡƒ†„›ƒ…‘‹–‡––‘’”‡˜‡–‹˜‡‡ƒ•—”‡•dzǤ 45

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artigo ǡ ƒ• Ǥ ʹͲͳͳǤ ‘…‡’–• ‘ˆ ‡…—”‹–› Š”‡ƒ–•ǡ ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡•ǡ —Ž‡”ƒ„‹Ž‹–‹‡• ƒ† ‹••Ǥ ǣ”ƒ—…ŠǡǤ ‡–ƒŽǤȋ†•ǤȌǤ‘’‹‰™‹–Š Ž‘„ƒŽ˜‹”‘‡–Šƒ‰‡ǡ‹•ƒ•–‡”•ƒ† ‡…—”‹–›Ǥ‡”Ž‹ǣ’”‹‰‡”Ǥ ǡƒ””›ǡƒ‡˜‡”ǡŽ‡‡†‡‹Ž†‡ǡ ƒƒ’ǤͳͻͻͺǤSecurity: a new framework for analysis. ‘—Ž†‡”ǣ›‡‹‡‡”Ǥ

‘‹•• ‘ —”‘’‡‹ƒǤ ʹͲͳ͵ƒǤ ‘—‹…ƒ†‘ †‡ ‹’”‡•ƒǤ Dz‡–”‘ ‡—”‘’‡— †ƒ …‹„‡”…”‹‹ƒŽ‹†ƒ†‡ȋ͵Ȍ±‹ƒ—‰—”ƒ†‘‡ͳͳ†‡Œƒ‡‹”‘Ǥ‹•’‘À˜‡Ž‡ǣŠ––’ǣȀȀ‡—”‘’ƒǤ ‡—Ȁ”ƒ’‹†Ȁ’”‡••Ǧ”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡̴ Ǧͳ͵Ǧͳ͵̴’–ǤŠ–. Acesso em 02 de março de 2016.

̴̴̴̴̴̴ǤǡʹͲͳ͵„Ǥ‘—‹…ƒ†‘†‡‹’”‡•ƒǤDz‡–”‘‡—”‘’‡—†ƒ…‹„‡”…”‹‹ƒŽ‹†ƒ†‡ȋ͵Ȍ± ‹ƒ—‰—”ƒ†‘ ‡ ͳͳ †‡ Œƒ‡‹”‘Ǥ ‹•’‘À˜‡Ž ‡ǣ Š––’ǣȀȀ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ”ƒ’‹†Ȁ’”‡••Ǧ”‡Ž‡ƒ•‡̴ Ǧ ͳ͵Ǧͳ͵̴’–ǤŠ–. Acesso em 02 de março de 2016. ‘•‡ŽŠ‘—”‘’‡—ǤͳͻͻͺǤ ‘‹–†‡…Žƒ”ƒ–‹‘‹••—‡†ƒ––Š‡”‹–‹•ŠǦ ”‡…Š•—‹–ǡƒ‹–ƒŽ‘ǡ ”ƒ…‡ǡ͵ǦͶ‡…‡„‡”ͳͻͻͺǤ‹•’‘À˜‡Ž‡ǣŠ––’•ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ…‘•‹Ž‹—Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒǤ‡—Ȁ—‡†‘…•Ȁ …•’Ž‘ƒ†Ȁ ”‡…ŠǦ”‹–‹•ŠΨʹͲ—‹–ΨʹͲ‡…Žƒ”ƒ–‹‘ǡΨʹͲƒ‹–ǦƒŽ‘ǡΨʹͲͳͻͻͺΨʹͲ ǦΨʹͲǤ’†ˆ. Acesso em 12 de março de 2016.

 ǧ  ǡ ‡––‡Ǥ ʹͲͲͷǤ Dz”ƒ•ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ ‡–™‘”• ƒ† ‡™ ‡…—”‹–› Š”‡ƒ–•dzǤƒ„”‹†‰‡‡˜‹‡™‘ˆ –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽˆˆƒ‹”•ͳͺȋͳȌǣ͹Ǧͳ͵Ǥ

—”‘’ƒǤʹͲͳ͸Ǥƒ†…›„‡”†‡ˆ‡…‡…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘Ǥ‹•’‘À˜‡Ž‡ǣŠ––’ǣȀȀ‡‡ƒ•Ǥ‡—”‘’ƒǤ ‡—Ȁ–‘’̴•–‘”‹‡•ȀʹͲͳ͸ȀͳͲͲʹͳ͸̴‡—Ǧƒ–‘Ǧ…›„‡”Ǧ†‡ˆ‡…‡Ǧ…‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘̴‡ǤŠ–Ǥ …‡••‘ ‡ǣ ͳͳ†‡Œ—ŽŠ‘†‡ʹͲͳ͸Ǥ

FARWELLǡ ƒ‡• Ǥ ʹͲͳͶǤ Š‡ ‡†‹ƒ •–”ƒ–‡‰› ‘ˆ  Ǥ —”˜‹˜ƒŽǡ ͷ͸ǣ͸ǡ ͶͻǦͷͷǡ  ǣ ͳͲǤͳͲͺͲȀͲͲ͵ͻ͸͵͵ͺǤʹͲͳͶǤͻͺͷͶ͵͸Ǥ‹•’‘À˜‡Ž‡ǣŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ–ƒ†ˆ‘Ž‹‡Ǥ…‘Ȁ†‘‹Ȁ’†ˆ ȀͳͲǤͳͲͺͲȀͲͲ͵ͻ͸͵͵ͺǤʹͲͳͶǤͻͺͷͶ͵͸Ǥ…‡••‘‡ͳ͵†‡Œ—ŽŠ‘†‡ʹͲͳ͸Ǥ

 ǧ ǡƒ—”ƒǤʹͲͲͷǤ—”‘’ƒ†ƒ‡ˆ‡•ƒǣ‘ ‹†‘‹„‘Ǥ ‡˜‹•–ƒƒ­ ‘ ‡‡ˆ‡•ƒǤ •–‹–—–‘†ƒ‡ˆ‡•ƒƒ…‹‘ƒŽǤ‘ǤͳͳͲǡ͵ƒ±”‹‡Ǥ‹•„‘ƒǤ ǡƒ”ŽǦ‡‹œǤʹͲͲͻǤ –‡”˜‹‡™ǤIn Ž‘‡™‡ˆƒ‹ŽǤVideoǣǤ‹•’‘À˜‡Ž‡ǣŠ––’ǣȀȀ

™™™Ǥƒ–‘Ǥ‹–ȀȀ”‡˜‹‡™ȀʹͲͲͻȀ̴Šƒ‰‡ȀȀ‹†‡šǤŠ–Ǥ ‹—–ƒ‰‡ ͲʹdzͲʹǯ †‡ Ͳͷdz͵ͷǯǤ…‡••‘‡ͳ͵†‡ƒ„”‹Ž†‡ʹͲͳ͸Ǥ ǡ Ž‡Ǥ ʹͲͲ͵Ǥ ‘…‡’–—ƒŽ‹œ‹‰ •‡…—”‹–› ‰‘˜‡”ƒ…‡Ǥ  Dz‘‘’‡”ƒ–‹‘ ƒ†

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artigo …‘ϐŽ‹…–dzǤ ‘—”ƒŽ‘ˆ–Š‡‘”†‹… –‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ–—†‹‡•••‘…‹ƒ–‹‘Ǥ‘ŽǤ͵ͺȋͳȌǣͷǦʹ͸Ǥƒ‰‡Ǥ

ǡŽƒ˜ ǤʹͲͲͳǤ‘•–Ǧ‘’‡Šƒ‰‡•‡…—”‹–›•–—†‹‡•ǣ†‡•‡…—”‹–‹œ‹‰•‡…—”‹–‹œƒ–‹‘Ǥ ‡…—”‹–›†‹ƒŽ‘‰—‡Ǥ‘ŽǤ͵ʹǤƒ‰‡Ǥ ǡ ƒ˜‹‡”Ǥ ʹͲͳͷǤ ‹‰Š– ƒ‰ƒ‹•–   ”‡˜‡ƒŽ• ’‘™‡” ‘ˆ •‘…‹ƒŽ ‡†‹ƒǤ ‹•’‘À˜‡Ž ‡ǣ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ„”‘‘‹‰•Ǥ‡†—Ȁ„Ž‘‰•Ȁ–‡…Š–ƒȀ’‘•–•ȀʹͲͳͷȀͳͳȀͳͻǦ‹•‹•Ǧ•‘…‹ƒŽǦ‡†‹ƒǦ ’‘™‡”ǦŽ‡•ƒ…ƒǤ…‡••‘‡ʹͻ†‡ƒ„”‹Ž†‡ʹͲͳ͸Ǥ

ǡ ‡˜‹Ǥ ʹͲͳͷǤ ƒƒ ϐ‹‰Š–  ǫ ‡ƒ’‘‹œ‡ ›‘—” Žƒ’–‘’Ǥ ‡™•™‡‡Ǥ ‹•’‘À˜‡Ž ‡ǣ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‡™•™‡‡Ǥ…‘ȀʹͲͳ͸ȀͲͳȀͲͺȀ™ƒƒǦϐ‹‰Š–Ǧ‹•‹•Ǧ™‡ƒ’‘‹œ‡Ǧ›‘—”Ǧ Žƒ’–‘’ǦͶͲ͹ͳ͸ͺǤŠ–ŽǤ…‡••‘‡ʹͻ†‡ƒ„”‹Ž†‡ʹͲͳ͸Ǥ

OSBORNEǡƒ—‡ŽǤʹͲͳͷǤ •‹•˜•ƒ‡•Š˜• •‹Ž˜• •Žƒ‹…–ƒ–‡ǣŠƒ–†‘–Š‡†‹ˆˆ‡”‡–ƒ‡• ‡ƒƒ†™Š›ƒ”‡–Š‡”‡•‘ƒ›ǫ †‡’‡†‡–Ǥ‹•’‘À˜‡Ž‡ǣŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‹†‡’‡†‡–Ǥ …‘Ǥ—Ȁ‡™•Ȁ™‘”Ž†Ȁ‹††Ž‡Ǧ‡ƒ•–Ȁ‹•‹•Ǧ˜•Ǧ†ƒ‡•ŠǦ˜•Ǧ‹•‹ŽǦ˜•Ǧ‹•Žƒ‹…Ǧ•–ƒ–‡Ǧ™Šƒ–Ǧ†‘Ǧ–Š‡Ǧ ƒ‡•Ǧ‡ƒǦƒ†Ǧ™Š›Ǧƒ”‡Ǧ–Š‡”‡Ǧ•‘Ǧƒ›Ǧƒ͸͹ͷͻͳͲ͸ǤŠ–ŽǤ…‡••‘‡ͷ†‡Œ—ŽŠ‘†‡ʹͲͳ͸Ǥ Ǥ ʹͲͳͶǤ –”ƒ–‡‰‹… …‘…‡’–•Ǥ ‹•’‘À˜‡Ž ‡ǣ Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥƒ–‘Ǥ‹–Ȁ…’•Ȁ‡Ȁƒ–‘Š“Ȁ –‘’‹…•̴ͷ͸͸ʹ͸ǤŠ–Ǥ…‡••‘‡ͳͳ†‡Œ—ŽŠ‘†‡ʹͲͳ͸Ǥ

ROSENAUǡ ǤǤʹͲͲ͹Ǥ ‘˜‡”‹‰–Š‡—‰‘˜‡”ƒ„Ž‡ǣ–Š‡…ŠƒŽŽ‡‰‡‘ˆƒ‰Ž‘„ƒŽ†‹•ƒ‰‰”‡‰ƒ–‹‘ ‘ˆƒ—–Š‘”‹–›Ǥ Dz‡‰—Žƒ–‹‘Ƭ ‘˜‡”ƒ…‡dzȋͳȌǡͺͺǦͻ͹Ǥ

ǡ ‘ŠǤʹͲͳͷǤ‘›‘—•Šƒ…‡””‡˜‡ƒŽ•Š‘™–Š‡›™‹ŽŽ†‡•–”‘›  ƒ†‹–•ƒ„‹Ž‹–› –‘…ƒ””›‘—––‡””‘”ƒ––ƒ…•Ǥ ‹””‘”Ǥ‹•’‘À˜‡Ž‡ǣŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‹””‘”Ǥ…‘Ǥ—Ȁ‡™•Ȁ™‘”Ž†Ǧ ‡™•Ȁƒ‘›‘—•Ǧ˜•Ǧ‹•‹•ǦŠƒ…‡”Ǧ”‡˜‡ƒŽ•Ǧ͸ͻ͵ͳ͵͵ͳ. Acesso em 15 de abril de 2016. Š‡ͻȀͳͳ‘‹••‹‘ǤʹͲͲͶǤŠ‡ͻȀͳͳ‘‹••‹‘‡’‘”–Ǥ‹•’‘À˜‡Ž‡ǣŠ––’ǣȀȀ‰‘˜‹ˆ‘Ǥ Ž‹„”ƒ”›Ǥ—–Ǥ‡†—ȀͻͳͳȀ”‡’‘”–Ȁͻͳͳ‡’‘”–Ǥ’†ˆǤ…‡••‘‡ǣͲͶ†‡ƒ„”‹Ž†‡ʹͲͳ͸Ǥ

WAGNERǡ„”ƒŠƒǤʹͲͲͷǤ‡””‘”‹•ƒ†–Š‡ –‡”‡–ǣ—•‡ƒ†ƒ„—•‡Ǥ Fighting terror in cyberspace. ‘”Ž†…‹‡–‹ϐ‹…ǡ‡†Ǥƒ”ƒ•–‡„”ƒŠƒƒ†‡Žǡ˜Ǥ͸ͷǤ

WEBBERǡƒ”‡–ƒŽǤʹͲͲͶǤŠ‡‰‘˜‡”ƒ…‡‘ˆ—”‘’‡ƒ•‡…—”‹–›Ǥ‡˜‹‡™‘ˆ‹–‡”ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ •–—†‹‡•ǡ͵ͲȋͳȌǡ͵Ǧʹ͸Ǥ ‡”‘ˆ‘šǤ…‘Ǥ ʹͲͳͷǤ  ǣ –‡””‘” Šƒ• ‰‘‡ •‘…‹ƒŽ ȏ‹ˆ‘‰”ƒ’Š‹…ȐǤ ‹•’‘À˜‡Ž ‡ǣ Š––’•ǣȀȀ ™™™Ǥœ‡”‘ˆ‘šǤ…‘Ȁ„Ž‘‰Ȁ‹•Žƒ‹…Ǧ•–ƒ–‡Ǧ‹•‹•Ǧ–‡””‘”ǦŠƒ•Ǧ‰‘‡Ǧ•‘…‹ƒŽǦ‹ˆ‘‰”ƒ’Š‹…Ȁ. Acesso em 04 de abril de 2016. 88

MALALA, São Paulo v. 4, n. 6, jul. 2016