SHOPPING CENTER Architectural Design 7

SHOPPING CENTER Architectural Design 7 Ar. DIANE A. JOSE

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A Shopping Centre is a complex of retails stores and related facilities planned as a unified group to give maximum shopping convenience to the customer and maximum exposure to the merchandise.

Basic History and Trends

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The Agora of the typical city of ancient Greece was essentially a shopping center in the heart of the business district. The Emperor Trajan’s architect, the Greek slave Apollodorus, built a shopping center adjacent to the Roman Forum in A.D. 110. It had a two-level enclosed and ventilated mall lined with open-fronted shops startlingly similar to today’s most up-to-date concept.

Basic History and Trends

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The typical Arabian souk, or market, of the Middle Ages also had narrow, weather-protected malls lined with openfronted shops.

Basic History and Trends

Types of Center

Neighborhood Center, Intermediate or Community-Size Center, Regional Center and Renewal Projects

a. Neighborhood Center This is a row of stores customarily in a strip, or line, paralleling the highway and with parking between the line of storefronts and the highway. Services is by alley in the rear. Usually contain a supermarket and a drugstore, often a variety stores. Few have their retail units clustered around an enclosed “mini-mall”,

b. Intermediate or Community-Size Center This also is usually a strip of stores but substantially larger than the neighbourhood centre and containing a so-called “junior” department store as the major unit. The parking pattern is normally similar to that of the neighbourhood centre.

c. Regional Center Contains one (1) to four (4) department stores plus 50 to 100 or more satellite shops and facilities, all fronting on an internal pedestrian mall, or shopping walkway. Parking completely surrounds the building group so that all stores face inward to the mall with their backs to the parking.

c. Regional Center

d. Renewal Project (Downtown Centre) A close integration on two or more shopping levels, of department stores, shops of all sorts, restaurants, etc. The multilevel malls may connect directly or by bridges to other shopping facilities, hotels, office buildings, theatres, and parking garaged. Because of the high land cost, parking is multidecking and can be above or below. DC is toward a multilevel pattern interconnecting the essential parts of the CBD.

General Design and Planning Criteria Shopping Centre

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Significant dimension is along the mall as this involves the widths, and frontages of stores. Often used spaces are 6, 7.5 and 9 meters.

Column Spacing

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For one-story stores (particularly in America), buildings are usually 36 to 42 meters deep, sometimes more to accommodate larger stores. If there are basements or mezzanines, the depth dimension usually can be reduces 20 to 25 percent. One often used and desirable device is to “dog leg” or “ell” a larger store around a smaller store.

Column Spacing

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These vary from 3 to 4.2 meters or more, with 3.6 meters a good average. Above this clear height, there must be adequate space for air-conditioning ducts, recessed lights, structural system, etc.

Clear Height

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The shell of the buildings must be flexible enough to accommodate any reasonable tenant requirements. Set the location and sizes of the principal duct runs and shafts to avoid serious future space problems. This includes special exhaust ventilation though the roof and all other mechanical items that can be anticipated.

Ducts ad Shafts

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Central plant equipment can be in a separate building, on the project roof, or elsewhere so long as it is economical as to design and length of ruins. Individual plants in each store require roof space, cooling towers, etc.

Central Plant vs. Individual HVAC System

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Properly locate and design roof screens and enclosures.

Roof Equipment Concealment

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Show windows and public entrances are rare on parking lot facades, as it has been found that the great majority of customers enter stores from the mall rather than directly from the parking lot. Public entrances from parking lot usually occur only for department stores, for stores open on Sundays and for such tenants as restaurants, drugstores and the like.

Exterior Walls

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The car capacity of all contiguous roadways used for ingress and egress must be sufficient to accommodate present and future through traffic plus the traffic generated by the shopping centre.

Traffic

Tenant Mix Shopping Center

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Tenant Mix is the name for the plan relationship to each other of the various types of stores and facilities. Proper tenant mix exposes the customer to a varying sequence of differing types of merchandise.

Tenant Mix

Keypoints Shopping Centre

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Trash and ash receptacles Directories of one sort or another to facilitate finding specific stores. Public telephone installations Seating groups and individual benches Fountain, properly designed for public protection and universal appeal Kiosks of various sizes and shapes, generally less than 75 sq. m. though there is a trend to larger ones Sculpture or other art forms as major design features Miscellaneous items like exhibit area, cctv, fashion mirrors, continuous music, kiddie maze, etc.

Mall Amenities

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Mall lighting should be low-keyed and incandescent, should lend interest to dark or monotonous areas and should except in major courts, allow the storefronts to be the main attraction. Natural lighting is often used in moderation to give variety of effect and to avoid dilution of the impact of the storefronts along the mall

Mall Lighting

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Mall materials are of great importance. Generally speaking, they should reflect the quality level of the project.

Mall Materials

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Open malls require glazed storefronts, and hence their requirements are similar to those of the typical city street. At night, the store is protected by a sliding glass panels or roll-up grilles.

Storefronts and Signs on the Mall

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Servicing involves the delivery of goods to the various stores and also the removal of trash and garbage.

Servicing

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1 slot/125 sq.m. of gross floor area (NBC) Check effective parking layout and driveway width Check ramp slope and turning radius

Parking and Traffic

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Refer to BP344

Accessibility Law

RESEARCH Shopping Center

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Site Data and Photos Organizational Structure (Mall Management) Design Considerations based on actual inspection, observation and Building Code Design Concept Statement and Diagram On short bond paper, max. of 20 sheets (stapled). Use font Calibri, 11. Margin top-bottom: 1” and left-right: 0.75”

DUE ON JUNE 19