Simaba docensis, a New Brazilian Species of Simaroubaceae Author(s): Edivani Villaron Franceschinelli and Kikyo Yamamoto Source: Novon, Vol. 9, No. 3 (Autumn, 1999), pp. 345-348 Published by: Missouri Botanical Garden Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3391732 Accessed: 28-04-2015 14:27 UTC
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Simaba docensis,a New Brazilian Species of Simaroubaceae Edivani Villaron Franceschinelli
de Botanica,Institutode Ciancias Biol6gicas,UniversidadeFederal de Departamento Minas Gerais,31.270-010, Belo Horizonte,MG, Brazil Kikyo Yamamoto
de Botanica,Institutode Biologia,UniversidadeEstadual de Campinas, Departamento 13.083-970, Campinas,SP, Brazil
ABSTRACT.Simaba docensis,a newspecies ofSiIts geomaroubaceae,is describedand illustrated. graphical distributionseems to be restrictedto semideciduousforestin theregionoftheRio Doce Brazil. Accordbasin, Minas Gerais,southeastern ingly,it is likelyto be a rareendemicand endangeredspecies. It is verycloselyrelatedto theonly otherAmazonianspecies of section Floribundae Engler,S. paraensisDucke, fromwhichit is basicallydistinguished bythenumberand shapeofleafand flowerand fruitsize. lets,leaf indument,
species oftheRio Doce basin,is also taxonomically veryclose to twoAmazoniancongenericspecies: C. Prance(Prance, sandwithiiPranceand C. bernardii 1989). Otherfieldcollectors(J.A. Lombardi& K. Yamamoto, pers.comm.1999) have noticedtheoccurrenceof Amazonianspecies affinitiesin the semideciduousforestof the Rio Doce basin. The and detailedstudiesofthisforestcan conservation help us to understandthe evolutionand historyof the SouthAmericanforests.
& K. Yamamoto, Simaba docensis Franceschinelli Minas Gerais: Marlinov. TYPE: Brazil. sp. We describehere a new species ofSimaba Au6ria, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, on penblet (Simaroubaceae),S. docensis.Its geographical insula at Lake Helv~cio, 24 Nov. 1975 (fl), distribution is apparently restricted to southeastern & Eiten 15182 (holotype,MO; isoHeringer Minas Gerais, Brazil,in the semideciduousforest US). Figure1. type, of the Rio Doce basin. The closest species to S. docensisis S. paraensisDucke. S. paraenFloribundae Ad sectionem referenda, Engler foliolis sedfoliis7-10jugatis, similis, The SouthAmericangenusSimaba has 25 spe- sisDuckeandroecio 8-10 mm velpilosis,floribus majoribus Flo- subtuspuberulis cies, dividedintothreesections:Tenuiflorae, longisdiffert. ribundae,and Grandiflorae (Engler,1874; CronTree 10-30 m tall. Branchesglabrouswithgray quist, 1944). They are trees or shrubs with longitudinally, pinnatelycompoundleaves. The main diagnostic bark,strongly groovedand furrowed charactersused to distinguish thethreesectionsof withprominent transversalscars due to leaf and Simaba are listedin Table 1. SectionTenuiflorae is bud abscissions.Leaves with6-21 leaflets,usually an Amazoniantaxon,whereasthe othertwo sec- 7-10 jugate,at apex of the branches;rachis 7.5tionsare mostlyextra-Amazonian. Simaba paraen- 20 cm long,cylindric,puberulous.Leafletssessile sis is noteworthy because it is the onlyAmazonian or subsessile,oppositeor subopposite,interjuga2it can 1.5 cm long. Leaflet2.5-5 x 1.1-1.7 cm, blade species ofsectionFloribundae.Furthermore, have smallflowers, as foundin sectionTenuiflorae, oblong to obovate or elliptic, chartaceous,apex and it has stamenappendagesas occur in section usually acute, sometimesobtuseto rounded,with However,S. paraensishas large pa- glandat thetip,lateralleafletbase usuallyoblique Grandiflorae. niculateinflorescences and otherflowercharacters and terminallycuneate, puberulentbeneathwith similarto thosefoundin Floribundae,whichplaces prominentcentral vein, glabrescentand slightly it in this section.The new species resemblesS. wrinkledabove with prominentand puberulent paraensisin its generalappearanceand because it centralvein;lateralveinsnotvisible.Inflorescence has androeciumcharacteristics ofthesectionGran- paniculate,8-22 cm long, with ferrugineous todiflorae.However,S. docensisfitsbetterthe char- mentoseaxes, secondaryaxes 1.5-11 cm long,usuacteristicsofsectionFloribundaethanS. paraensis ally forming a rightangle withthe primaryaxis, because of its largerflowers. subtendedby bracts narrowlyoblong to obovate Prance,anotherendemic withgland on the tip,2.0-5.0 cm long,flowersat Couepiamonteclarensis
NovoN 9: 345-348. 1999. This content downloaded from 200.137.195.225 on Tue, 28 Apr 2015 14:27:05 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
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Table 1. Main diagnosticcharactersused to distinguish the threesectionsofSimaba. Characters Inflorescence type Flowerlength Calyx
Stamenappendagein indument
Stamenappendagelength
Geographicaldistribution
Sect. Tenuiflorae racemeor smallpaniculate 3.5-7 mm unitedat thebase to the middlelength glabrescentto hairy,free fromeach otheror slightlyunited,but not in a stamentube from? to ? ofthefilamentlength,covering thebasal partofthe ovaryto the wholeovary Amazonianregion
Sect. Grandiflorae
Sect. Floribundaae largepaniculate (5.5-)7-15 mm unitedto the middle length,rarelyat the base and cupuliform (S. insignis) hairy,freeor united,but notin a stamentube (exceptS. paraensis and S. docensis) from? to ?4 of thefilamentlength,covering the ovaryand partof the style mostlyextra-Amazonian
paniclargefew-branched ulate or pseudoraceme 15-35 mm cupuliform
hairyon theiredges, formhairsintertwined ing a stamentube almostthe same lengthas thefilament, covering the ovaryand almost thewholestyle mostlyextra-Amazonian
tendedby 3 pilose, greenishbracteoleswithgland near tip. Sepals lightgreen,triangular, unitedonly basally,apex acute,2-3 x 1.2-1.7 mm.Petalslight tomentose greenor slightly ferrugineous externally, above and beneath,8-10 x 2-3 mm,oblongwith apex roundedto acute. Stamens5.5-6 mm long, filaments5-5.5 mmlong; appendage4.2-4.7 mm long, adaxially pilose, completelyunited to filament,withtwoapical teeth;anthers0.5-0.8 x 0.2 1.5-2 mmhigh,pimm,oblong,white.Gynophores lose; ovaries5-carpellate,1.5-1.7 mmhigh,pilose, orange;styles3-3.3 mmlong; stigmasminute,45-lobed. Drupes 2-2.2 x 1.5-1.6 cm, ellipsoid, denselyferrugineous pilose-villous.
lectionsite of the typespecimen,the Parque Estadualdo Rio Doce. The onlytwocollectionsknown forthisspecies weremade in thisregion.We have triedto re-collectthis species, but we could only findone tree at the same localitywherethe type specimenwas collected.This suggeststhatS. doto the Rio censismaybe a rare species restricted is Doce Basin forest.Its geographicaldistribution the simplestcharacterthat separatesS. docensis fromS. paraensis.All charactersused to distinguish S. docensisfromS. paraensisare presentedin Table leafletapex 2. Besides geographicaldistribution, sepal and gyshape, and secondaryvein visibility, nophoresize and fruitcolorand size are the most helpfulcharactersthatseparatethesetwospecies.
The specificepithet"docensis"refersto thecol-
de Parat)pes. BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Municipio
the apex of the axes. Flowers 8-10 mm long, sub-
Table 2.
Main diagnosticcharactersused to distinguish Simaba docensisfromS. paraensis.
Characters Geographicaldistribution Leafletnumberper leaf Leafletsize Leafletindument Leafletapex shape Leafletvein evidence Sepal size Petal size size Gynophore Drupe size and color Drupe indument
S. docensis
S. paraensis
Minas Gerais(Zona da Mata),Brazil AmazonianRegionof Brazil,Bolivia,and Venezuela 6-21 6-13 2.5-5.0 x 1.1-1.7 cm 3.5-9 x 1.3-3.3 cm puberulentbeneath,glabrescent glabrouson bothsides, sometimeswithpuberuabove lentveins retuseor obtuseto emarginate usuallyacute,obtuseto rounded secondaryveinsnotvisible secondaryveinsvisible 2.0-3.0 x 1.2-1.7 mm 0.8-1.5 x 1.0-1.5 mm 8.0-10.0 x 2.0-3.0 mm 5.5-9.0 x 1.5-3.0 mm 1.5-2.0 mmhigh 0.7-1.7 mmhigh 2.0-2.2 X 1.5-1.6 mm 1.5-1.8 X 1.1-1.3 cm denselyferrugineous, pilose-villous puberulentand yellow
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& Yamamoto Franceschinelli Simaba docensisfromBrazil
Volume9, Number3 1999
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& K. Yamamoto.-A. Inflorescence. -B. Vegetative branch.-C. Flower. Figure1. Simaba docensisFranceschinelli -D. Stamen.-E. Ovaryand gynophore.A-E fromE. P Heringer& Eiten 15182 (MO). Drawn by Edivani V. Franceschinelli.
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& Eiten ICAMP, supportedby a scholarshipto E. V. FranParqueEstadualdoRioDoce,Heringer Marlibria, 15194(NY,US). da FAPESP, ceschinelli(Bolsa de Aperfeigoamento processono 83/2526-2). We thank the curatorsof Acknowledgments. MO, NY, and US formakingthe materialsofSim- LiteratureCited aba available to us forstudy.We are gratefulto Cronquist,A. 1944. Studiesin theSimaroubaceaeIII. The TarcisoS. Filgueirasforhelp withthe Latin diaggenusSimaba. Lloydia7: 81-92. nosis and to EsmeraldaZ. Borghiforhelp withthe Engler,A. 1874. Simaroubaceae.Pp. 197-246, tabs.4046 in C. F. P. Martius& I. Urban,Flora Brasiliensis, This publicationis partofa taxonomic Vol. illustrations. 12(2). Frid.Fleisherin comm.,Lipsiae. studyofthe generaSimaba,Simarouba,and Quas- Prance, G. 1989. Chrysobalanaceae.Flora Neotropica. The New YorkBotanicalGarden,Bronx. sia, carriedout in the Depto. de Botanica,IB, UN-
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